Ischemia/reperfusion generates free oxygen radicals, which react with the unsaturated lipids of biomembranes resulting in the generation products such as malondialdehyde. Malondialdehyde could be a ...sensor for tissue damage and reperfusion. Nitric oxide, released due to the early arrival of leukocytes in the brain parenchyma, could be a sensor for nonflow phenomenon. Thereby, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the behavior of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide within the 24 hours after the stroke onset.
Fifteen patients up to an age of 49 years, admitted to the emergency of University Hospital and Chiquinquirá Hospital in Maracaibo, Venezuela, were examined by a neurologist and underwent 12-lead electrocardiograms and computed tomography for the diagnosis of thrombotic stroke. Serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were measured as thiobarbituric acid adducts and total nitrites. Data were collected within the 24 hours after the stroke onset.
Malondialdehyde for patients with stroke had a significant increase (P<0.001) when compared with healthy controls (47.9 +/- 7.1 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.2 micromol/L). Conversely, serum nitric oxide for patients with stroke had a significant decrease (P<0.001) when compared with the control group (14.5 +/- 1.4 vs. 41.3 +/- 3.7 micromol/L). The lowest values of malondialdehyde and the highest values of nitric oxide were observed in two patients, who died.
Serum levels of malondialdehyde increase, and serum levels of nitric oxide diminish within 24 hours after the onset of thrombotic stroke onset. This suggests that serum malondialdehyde level could be used as potentially reliable and sensitive marker for reperfusion, whereas nitric oxide levels could acts as potential biochemical sensor for nonreflow phenomenon.
For most of the Portuguese viticultural regions, winegrape production is subject to high evaporative demands during dry summer leading to increasingly low soil water availability. As a consequence, ...grapevines normally suffer severe drought stress, affecting negatively yield, wine quality and consequently farmers' income. To sustain an economic productivity, irrigation is an important tool in vineyard management. The objective of this study was to understand how deficit irrigation strategies would influence vine vigour, yield and quality of grapes and wines. During two growing seasons (2008-2009), field grown grapevines (‘Tempranillo’) were studied in southern Portugal. Vines were spur-pruned and trained to a bilateral cordon. Three deficit irrigation treatments were defined, using as reference predawn leaf water potential ((Ψpd): weak water stress (Ψpd<-0.4 MPa); mild water stress (-0.4 MPa>Ψpd>-0.6 MPa); and severe water stress (Ψpd<-0.6 MPa)). All these three treatments were undertaken in traditional tillage. An additional treatment was performed with a cover crop (mild water stress) in order to increase soil moisture depletion in spring, causing an earlier water stress. This last treatment caused a greater reduction on vegetative growth (primary and secondary shoots) and yield. Conversely, an increase of total phenolic compounds was found, probably due to higher sunlight penetration into the canopy. However strong differences were verified between the two years with a reduction in total polyphenols index and anthocyanins content in 2009. This was probably due to negative effect of the very high temperatures during phenolics synthesis. Deficit irrigation treatments also caused significant differences on yield, berry sugar content and total phenolics, as well as in the chromatic and sensorial characteristics of wines. The severe deficit treatment caused defoliation leading to an incomplete maturation and inferior wine quality. On the other hand, the weak deficit treatment originated wines with lower total phenolics. Our results suggest that mild water deficits may benefit fruit composition and wine quality. Furthermore, an earlier water deficit could be a useful strategy to increase the phenolic compounds.
The influence of three grapevine varieties (Castelao, Trincadeira, Camarate) grafted on six rootstock varieties (99 R, 110 R, 140 Ru, 1103 P, SO4 e 41 B) on yield and berry quality was studied, for ...the period of six years (1992/97), in an experiment design in split-plot at Quinta da Folgorosa (VQPRD Torres Vedras). This vineyard presents a mild water stress during the summer. The present paper complement the previous data already published among years 1992/94 (Climaco et al., 1999). The results showed that the grapevine variety has a more important influence on yield and quality characteristics of the must than the rootstock. In the case of yield, we found the existence of an affinity absence between the grapevine Trincadeira and the most vigorous 1103 P rootstock. In contrast, this grapevine showed a particular affinity with the less vigorous rootstocks, such as 110 R and 41 B. The rootstocks 140 Ru presents the highest yield, good vigour and berry quality, irrespective of the grapevine grafted on it
The study of the ratio yield-quality of "Fernao Pires" cultivar was based on a vineyard training systems (erected cordon) designe, established at "Dois Portos" in 1992. Only modalities of short ...pruning were selected for this study, established on a Calcaric Fluvisol (FLc). Those were an unilateral cordon with vines spaced 0,8 and 1 m in rows (5,000 and 4,000 vines/ha) and a bilateral cordon with vines spaced 1,2 m in rows (3,333 vines/ha). In spite of yields great difference in 1998, the results showed that the sugar content and the total acidity content of musts were not negatively affected by the grape producion increasing. The specific characteristics of this cultivar, mainly it early maturation and its sugar high potential, could provide an explanation to these results
D'apres un essai de systemes de conduite en monoplan ascendant, etabli a Dois Portos en 1992, on a etudie la relation rendement - qualite sur le cepage "Fern¦o Pires" (B). Pour cet etude, implante sur un Fluvisol Calcarique (FLc), on a choisi seulement des modalites en taille courte, c'est a dire, le cordon unilateral avec des ecartements sur la ligne de 0.8 et de 1 m (respectivement, 5 000 et 4 000 ceps/ha) et le cordon bilateral a 1.2 m d'ecartement (3 333 ceps/ha). Malgre la grande fourchette de rendements obtenus en 1998, sur ce cepage, les resultats montrent que l'augmentation de la production de raisins n'exerce pas des effets negatifs sur la teneur en sucre et sur la teneur en acidite totale des mouts. Une explication pour ses resultats peut etre basee dans les caracteristiques propres de ce cepage, notamment, sur sa precocite de maturation et son haut potentiel en sucre
A temperatura é o factor climático com maior importância no desenvolvimento da videira, controlando o ritmo a que ocorrem os vários estados fenológicos do seu ciclo biológico, nomeadamente o ...abrolhamento, a floração, o pintor e a maturação. Em Portugal existe pouca informação relativa às necessidades térmicas das castas destinadas à produção de vinho. O objectivo deste trabalho é avaliar as durações térmicas de cada fase do ciclo de desenvolvimento de castas da colecção ampelográfica nacional, localizada na Estação Vitivinícola Nacional em Dois Portos. As castas foram classificadas como de ciclo curto, médio ou longo de acordo com a duração de cada fase de desenvolvimento e do ciclo completo. Também se classificaram as castas em precoces, meia - estação e tardias, com referência a 1 de Janeiro.
Des données phénologiques et climatiques enregistrées dans la région vitivinicole de l’Estremadura de 1995 à 1999 sont analysées dans ce travail pour caractériser l’exigence thermique de quelques ...cépages et étudier la variation inter-annuelle. D’abord on présente une appréciation des potentialités qualitatives des différents millésimes en concernant des données et des indices climatiques relatifs à la période avril-septembre, notamment l’indice de Huglin. La caractérisation des cycles débourrement-floraison, floraison-véraison et véraison-récolte de quatre cépages rouges (Castelão, Aragonez, Syrah et Cabernet Sauvignon) a été effectuée sur une vigne de l’Estação Vitivinícola Nacional établie à Dois Portos, en 1991. Il s’agit d’une parcelle de vigne en pente à exposition sud-ouest, conduite en espalier (cordon bilatéral de Royat rehaussé à huit coursons) et avec un écartement de 2.60 m x 1.10 m. Les résultats mettent en évidence la difficulté en faire une prévision correcte de la date de la récolte à partir de la date de la floraison. On a vérifié, notamment, une moindre exigence thermique de la période véraison-récolte en 1995 par rapport aux autres années. En ce qui concerne les cépages en étude on a vérifié que l’Aragonez (Tempranillo) et la Syrah sont ceux que présentent les moindres exigences thermiques pour arriver à une maturation moyenne (190 g/l de teneur en sucre).
This paper studies the effect of the topping and the removing of mature leaves on yield and fruit quality of Carignan grapevines, under natural conditions of soil and climate in Arruda dos Vinhos ...region. The results, during four years of experience (1982-1985), showed that the practice of the topping didn't affect significatively the yield and fruit quality. Concerning the removal of mature leaves we verified that the early execution of this operation in grapevines with late maturation, as cv. Carignan, has usually revealed quality damages (author).
A cv. Alicante Bouschet associa frequentemente elevados rendimentos a um insuficiente teor em acucar dos mostos. Em termos enologicos o interesse principal reside no seu elevado potencial em materia ...corante. Contudo, nas regioes viticolas mais quentes e para produtividades dentro dos limites impostos pelas DOC's e susceptivel de obter adequados niveis de maturacao e dar origem a vinhos elementares ou de lote de qualidade recinhecida. No presente trabalho procura-se conhecer melhor a relacao rendimento-qualidade nesta casta, recorrendo para o efeito a um ensaio estabelecido no Centro Experimental de Pegoes (em 2002 e 2003) contemplando uma testemunha e duas modalidades de monda de cachos, ambas realizadas ao inicio do pintor
Seara Nova is one of the most relevant grapevine varieties among a large number of the new varieties that Eng. J. F. Leao Ferreira de Almeida has obtained, especially for its cultural and ...technological characteristics. In this paper a comparative study of phenology, yield and quality has been made between Seara Nova and the most important grapevine varieties from Oeste region. Analysed data show that Seara Nova is a suitable white grapevine variety for the Oest region.
PORTUGUES: Entre as novas obtencoes levadas a efeito pelo Eng. J. F. Leao Ferreira de Almeida na Estacao Agronomica Nacional sobressai, entre as cultivares com aptidao para a producao de vinho branco, a Seara Nova pelas suas caracteristicas culturais e tecnologicas. Neste trabalho e feito um estudo comparativo, contemplando fenologia quantidade e qualidade da producao, entre a Seara Nova e as principais castas da regiao do Oeste, com base num ensaio de adaptacao cultural instalado em 1971 na Quinta da Almoinha (Dois Portos) pelo entao Centro Nacional de Estudos Vitivinicolas.
