Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare muscle quality (MQ) between octogenarians classified as non-fallers, fallers and recurrent fallers and identify confounding intrinsic and extrensic ...factors that impact likelihood for falls.
Design
This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study included older adults (N=220) aged 80 years or older.
Measurements
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to evaluate physical function and MQ was calculated using the ratio of grip strength to arm muscle mass (in kilograms) quantified by DXA. Variables related to sociodemographic, clinical, cognitive function, and falls were evaluated using a questionnaire and symptoms of depression were evaluated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to verify differences between groups. Binomial logistic regression was performed to determine the impact of age, depression, polypharmacy, balance, MQ, and sex on participants having more than four falls in their history.
Results
Increasing MQ was associated with reduced likelihood of more than four falls in their history. Non-fallers were statistically younger (p = 0.012) and took more medications (p = 0.023) than recurrent fallers. Recurrent fallers had lower MQ when compared with fallers (p = 0.007) and non-fallers (p = 0.001) and had a lower GDS score when compared with fallers (p = 0.022). Finally, fallers presented lower scores for balance when compared to non-fallers (p = 0.013).
Conclusion
A higher MQ is associated with a reduction in the likelihood falls in octogenarians. Therefore, it may be advantageous for clinicians to evaluate MQ when the screening of the risk of falls in older adults.
The muscle quality index (MQI) is associated with numerous health outcomes in adults; however, the effects of distinct MQI on functional capacity in obese older women have not yet been fully ...investigated. Thus, we investigated the contribution of different muscle quality indices on TUG performance prediction in obese older women. We secondarily evaluated the association between MQI, aerobic capacity performance (Treadmill performance and 6-minute walk test), and obesity indices (BMI, body fat percentage, and neck, waist, and hip circumference).
Participants included 64 obese older women (mean age 67.05 ± 5.46 years, body fat ≥ 35%). General anthropometric, health history, body composition, treadmill exercise, and functional test (Time up and go) measures were collected. A hydraulic dynamometer was used to assess muscle strength, and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to identify body fat percentage. The field MQI was defined as the highest reading divided by the subject's body mass index (BMI), while the laboratory MQI was obtained by the ratio of grip strength to the entire arm muscle in kilograms measured by DXA. A hierarchical multiple regression was performed to predict TUG-test performance.
An increase in field MQI of one unit is associated with a decrease of 2.59 seconds in the TUG test (β = -0.540; p = 0.004). There was no association between laboratory MQI and TUG performance (β = 0.067; p = 0.712). Furthermore, field MQI displays a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with aerobic capacity performance (6-minute walk test and peak O
consumption) and a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with diverse obesity indices (neck and waist circumference, body fat, and BMI).
MQI displayed an important prediction with TUG-test, a positive correlation with aerobic capacity, and a negative correlation with obesity indices.
•Obesity in older adults is associated with postural imbalance on unstable surfaces.•Obesity in older adults is not associated with increased fear of falling.•Overweight is not associated with ...imbalance on unstable surfaces.
There are inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between body mass index (BMI), fear of falling and body balance, especially on unstable surfaces.
To investigate whether obesity is associated with worse postural balance and fear of falling in older adults.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 older adults, classified as normal weight, overweight, or obese according to BMI. Postural balance was evaluated on stable and unstable surfaces on the Biodex Balance System platform under three visual conditions: with and without visual feedback and with eyes closed. Fear of falling was identified by a dichotomous question and the Falls Efficacy Scale. These data were compared between groups and included in adjusted multiple linear regression analysis.
The study showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in body oscillations on a stable surface between the three groups. On an unstable surface, the obese older adults exhibited body oscillations from 0.61° 95% CI 0.07, 1.30 to 1.63° 95% CI 0.84, 2.41 greater than those with normal weight in the three visual conditions. The obese older adults also displayed larger mediolateral oscillations with visual feedback (mean difference: 0.50° 95% CI 0.01, 0.98) as well as greater global oscillations without visual feedback (mean difference of 0.82° 95% CI 0.18, 1.81) and with progressive instability (mean difference: 0.80° 95% CI 0.05, 1.66) than the overweight older adults. BMI explained from 6 to 12% of body swings investigated on unstable surface. Obesity was not associated with fear of falling.
Obesity was associated with reduced postural stability on unstable surfaces but not with fear of falling in older adults.
To determine if anthropometric variables, body composition, medication and gender are associated with functional performance and to compare these variables between octogenarians with high and low ...functional performance.
Observational, cross-sectional study. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated. Handgrip strength (HGS) was assessed. Participants’ body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and functional performance by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). A binomial logistic regression was performed.
One hundred and twenty-two octogenarians were included and separated into high and low function groups. The high function group showed lower values of WHtR (mean difference MD = 0.047, P = 0.025) and body fat (BF%) (MD = 3.54, P = 0.032) and higher values of apendicular skeletal muscle mass (ALM) (MD = 3.03, P = 0.001), HGS (MD = 6.11, P = 0.001) and SPPB score (MD = 4.20, P = 0.001). Women were more likely to be classified as low function (OR = 3.66, P = 0.002) and males showed 5.21 odds ratio (P = 0.021) of having high functional performance compared to females. Also, each decrease in age and medication use displayed 1.30 (P = 0.007) and 1.26 odds ratio increases (P = 0.008) in high functional performance.
Older males display better functional performance than women, and decrements in age and medications increase the high functional performance odds ratio. Octogenarians with high functional performance displayed lower BF measurements and higher values of muscle mass and strength.
Abstract Several types of cognitive interventions have been performed with elderly individuals to verify physical and quality of life benefits. The objective of this study was to verify if the ...cognitive gains found in two cognitive intervention programs are related to changes in the mood, quality of life and physical fitness variables (maximum oxygen consumption, lean mass, fat percentage and handgrip strength). A total of 39 elderly women from the Distrito Federal (Brazil), participating in a cognitive training group based on mnemonic strategies and a group of cognitive stimulation based on perceptual and attention exercises. Both groups showed a tendency to reduce depressive symptoms, an increase in their fat mass and a decrease in their lean mass. Taken together, these findings may contribute to identify the directionality of mnemonic interventions in Brazilian elderly individuals regarding the subjective and physical performance variables.
Resumo Diversos tipos de intervenções cognitivas têm sido realizados com idosos para a verificação de ganhos físicos e de qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se ganhos cognitivos apresentados em dois programas de intervenção cognitiva estão relacionados a alterações de humor, qualidade de vida e aptidão física (consumo máximo de oxigênio, massa magra, percentual de gordura e força de preensão palmar) em idosas. Foram avaliadas 39 mulheres idosas do Distrito Federal (Brasil), divididas em dois grupos: um que realizou treino cognitivo baseado em estratégias mnemônicas; e outro, de estimulação cognitiva baseada em exercícios perceptuais e de atenção. Ambos os grupos apresentaram tendência a reduzir os sintomas depressivos e obtiveram aumento de massa gorda e diminuição de massa magra. Em conjunto, esses achados podem contribuir para identificar a direcionalidade das intervenções mnemônicas em idosos brasileiros sobre as variáveis subjetivas e de desempenho físico.
Resumo Objetivo investigar a associação entre a frequência de eventos estressores e citocinas em pessoas idosas longevas. Métodos os participantes responderam a um questionário constituído de ...variáveis sociodemográficas, indicaram quais eventos estressores constantes no Inventário de Eventos Estressores de vida ocorreram nos últimos cinco anos e responderam a escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS). Foram dosados por citometria de fluxo: interleucina (IL) 10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α) e interferon gama (IFN-γ). A análise descritiva foi realizada para a caracterização da amostra. Para investigar a associação entre as variáveis foi desenvolvido um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, utilizando o método Backward. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 91 pessoas idosas com média de idade de 82 anos. Mais da metade da amostra relatou morte de ente querido como o evento estressor mais prevalente (61%). Nessa amostra foi possível perceber que quanto mais eventos estressores foram relatados, menor o nível de IL-4 (p=0,046), da mesma forma que o estado civil viuvez, onde os dados mostraram que quem é viúvo tem menos eventos estressores em comparação a quem é casado (p=0,037). Conclusão Evidenciou-se a importância de um olhar mais cuidadoso dos profissionais de saúde na avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa, de forma que se obtenham subsídios para a implementação de programas e intervenções específicos que possam amenizar a percepção dos eventos estressores vivenciados, colaborando com menores danos decorrentes da imunossenescência.
Abstract Objective To investigate the association between the frequency of stressor events and cytokines in long-lived older people. Methods The participants answered a questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables, indicated which stressor events included in the Stressor Life Events Inventory occurred in the last five years and answered the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The following were measured by flow cytometry: interleukin (IL) 10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). We carried out a descriptive statistical analysis in order to characterize the sample. To investigate the association between the variables, a multiple linear regression model was developed, using the Backward method. Results 91 older people with an age average of 82 years participated in the research. More than half of the sample reported the death of a loved one as the most prevalent stressor event (61%). In this sample, it was possible to notice that the more stressor events were reported, the lower the level of IL-4 (p=0.046), as well as the marital status of widowhood, where data showed that those who are widowed have fewer stressor events in comparison to who is married (p=0.037). Conclusion The importance of a more careful look by health professionals in older people multidimensional assessment was evidenced, so that subsidies are obtained for the implementation of specific programs and interventions that can ease the perception of the stressor events experienced, collaborating with less resulting damage of immunosenescence.
CURSO DE INCLUSÃO DIGITAL PARA IDOSOS EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19 Marquios Epaminondas, Jocênio; Coelho Vilaça e Silva, Karla Helena
RBCEH : revista brasileira de ciências do envelhecimento humano,
12/2020, Letnik:
17, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Introdução: Com o aumento alarmante de casos da COVID-19 no Brasil foi necessária a adaptação da oferta do curso de Inclusão Digital para Idosos (IDI) no Instituto Federal de Brasília – IFB de modo ...on line. No entanto, sabe-se que são muitos os desafios deste público em relação ao ambiente virtual. Objetivo: realizar levantamento sobre o desejo dos idosos em relação à modalidade do curso (on line ou presencial), identificar se possuem Internet, frequência de acessos e dispositivo utilizado. Métodos: foi realizada consulta por meio de formulário eletrônico a 20 idosos matriculados no curso IDI com perguntas sobre: interesse em realizar as atividades de forma on line, acesso à Internet, frequência de acesso, aplicação utilizada para as aulas, horário para acesso e se conseguem acompanhar as aulas on line. Resultados: 15 idosos responderam a pesquisa, sendo que: todos têm acesso à Internet em casa, 80% via WiFi, 20% por redes móveis; 53,3% acessam pelo celular, 33,4% pelo computador pessoal e 13,3% pelo computador compartilhado; 80% podem acessar a Internet todos os dias; 80% relataram conseguir acompanhar as aulas on line, 20% relataram ter muita dificuldade; 54,3% preferem utilizar o Google Meet, 33,4% YouTube e 13,3 não se manifestaram; e 86,6% gostariam de manter as aulas na modalidade on line. Conclusão: A maioria dos idosos desejam continuar o curso em formato on line, visto que podem acessar a Internet por meio de redes Wifi ou redes móveis, utilizando celulares, computadores pessoais ou compartilhados.
Plataforma online para diagnóstico diferencial das demências Laginestra e Silva, Aline; Carvalho, Gustavo De Azevedo; Vilaça e Silva, Karla Helena Coelho
RBCEH : revista brasileira de ciências do envelhecimento humano,
11/2019, Letnik:
16, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Introdução: O envelhecimento acelerado da população brasileira predispôs a condições mórbidas. Destacamos afecções mentais, sendo segunda causa de aumento de tempo de internação no Distrito Federal. ...Assim, avaliação fidedigna dos subtipos de demência dará subsídios para melhor abordagem, prevenção e tratamento destas condições. A associação de múltiplos testes, manifestações clínicas, biomarcadores e neuroimagem, permitirá que diagnóstico preciso seja realizado, sobretudo na Demência de Alzheimer. O desenvolvimento de uma plataforma de fácil acesso, disponível online, agregando todos os critérios diagnósticos, segundo protocolos validados, norteando indicação de marcadores biológicos estruturais e genéticos das doenças, representará ferramenta importante para uso profissional e institucional. Objetivo: Elaborar plataforma online que auxilie no diagnóstico das demências para uso profissional e institucional, além de colaborar com a construção de banco de dados epidemiológicos. Metodologia: Design Instrucional Sistemático. Equipe desenvolvedora composta por médico, desenvolvedor de software e designer. População alvo: profissionais de saúde e intuições de atendimento em saúde público e privado. Desenvolvimento: linguagem com HTML/HTML5, estruturação e marcação de conteúdo com folhas de estilo CSS/CSS3, layout e apresentação do documento com framework PhoneGap, acesso multiplataforma compatível com qualquer sistema. Fases de elaboração: algoritmos para detalhamento e avaliação de déficits cognitivos; para critérios diagnósticos específicos; para testes neuropsicológicos; para exames de bioquímica; para estudo genético; para achados neuropatológicos; link direto ao final do fluxo enviando diagnóstico de probabilidade ou definitivo para determinada demência com instituições de saúde, formando banco de dados. Resultados esperados: plataforma online acessível a profissionais de saúde e instituições, possibilitando o auxílio no diagnóstico de diferentes demências, com banco de dados, análise epidemiológica e mapeamento destes transtornos nas áreas estudadas. Considerações finais: trata-se de algo inovador, pois não existem bancos de dados epidemiológicos de demências no Brasil, essa plataforma reunirá elementos necessários para tal.
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