Background
Violence against women is a public priority issue for epidemiological and public health sciences. Severe consequences of violence affect the quality of life of women victims. The objective ...of this study was to quantify the impact in the quality of life of the strengthening group in women victims of intimate partner violence who attend a reference violence center in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Method
Quasi-experimental before and after the study was designed. The danger assessment and WHOQOL-BREF scales were applied at admission, after 3 and 6 months. Descriptive and statistical analysis of the variables was carried out to verify the difference between the measurements in the quality of life domains.
Results
Seventy-eight victims of intimate partner violence participated in the study. The most prevalent violence was psychological (96.2%), physical (79.5%), and moral (67.7%). Three months after participating in the strengthening group, there was an improvement in the 4 domains of quality of life, significantly in the psychological (
p
=
0.032
) and physical (
p
=
0.006
) domains. More than half of the participants were classified at the extreme level of risk of femicide (51.3%). The study was stopped early because of the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion
With the available data collected, the strengthening group proved to be a strategy that positively impacts the quality of life of women victims of intimate partner violence.
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 93 million cases and 2 million deaths in the world. SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract ...infection and its main clinical manifestations such as cough and shortness of breath are well known to the scientific community. However, a growing number of studies have reported SARS-CoV-2-related gastrointestinal involvement based on clinical manifestations, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain as well as on the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with coronavirus disease 2019. Furthermore, current evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 transmission
the fecal-oral route and aerosol dissemination. Moreover, studies have shown a high risk of contamination through hospital surfaces and personal fomites. Indeed, viable SARS-CoV-2 specimens can be obtained from aerosols, which raises the possibility of transmission through aerosolized viral particles from feces. Therefore, the infection by SARS-CoV-2
fecal-oral route or aerosolized particles should be considered. In addition, a possible viral spread to sources of drinking water, sewage, and rivers as well as the possible risk of viral transmission in shared toilets become a major public health concern, especially in the least developed countries. Since authors have emphasized the presence of viral RNA and even viable SARS-CoV-2 in human feces, studies on the possible fecal-oral coronavirus disease 2019 transmission become essential to understand better the dynamics of its transmission and, then, to reinforce preventive measures against this infection, leading to a more satisfactory control of the incidence of the infection.
Secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic heart diseases is efficient in reducing disease recurrence, heart damage, and cardiac impairment. We aimed to monitor the clinical evolution of a large Brazilian ...cohort of rheumatic patients under prolonged secondary prophylaxis. From 1986 to 2018, a cohort of 593 patients with rheumatic fever was followed every 6 months by the Reference Center for the Control and Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Cardiopathy (CPCFR), Paraná, Brazil. In this cohort, 243 (41%) patients did not present cardiac damage (group I), while 350 (59%) were diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) (group II) using the latest case definition. Among group II, 233 and 15 patients had impairment of the mitral and aortic valves, respectively, while 102 patients had impairment of both valves. Lesions on the mitral and aortic valves presented a regression in 69.9 and 48.7% of the patients, respectively. Active patient recruitment in the reference center and early detection of oropharyngeal GAS were important factors for optimal adherence to the prophylactic treatment. Patients with disease progression were associated with noncompliance to secondary prophylaxis. No patients undergoing regular prophylaxis presented progression of the rheumatic cardiac disease. Eighteen valvular surgeries were performed, and four (0.7%) patients died. This study confirmed that tailored and active efforts invested in rheumatic heart disease secondary prevention allowed for significant clinical improvement.
O desmatamento na Amazônia parou de declinar a partir de 2013, questionando a comunidade científica quanto as causas dessa persistência. O artigo apresenta uma metodologia original de análise dos ...dados oficiais de desmatamento, com foco territorial e baseando-se no conceito sistêmico marcha pioneira. Os autores elaboram uma tipologia municipal, onde cada tipo corresponde a uma etapa na construção territorial, na qual o desmatamento assume papeis específicos. Os autores explicam a existências de territórios de persistência do desmatamento, e outros onde o desenvolvimento ocorre de forma livre de novos desmatamentos. Com base nessa análise, os autores formulam elementos de estratégias e suporte a políticas públicas para combater o desmatamento persistente e promover desenvolvimento sustentável em cada situação territorial.
La très forte chute de la déforestation amazonienne est enrayée depuis 2013, questionnant la communauté scientifique sur les causes de cette persistance. Cet article présente une méthode originale d’analyse des données annuelles de déforestation, dans une approche territoriale basée sur le concept de marche pionnière. Les auteurs élaborent une typologie municipale, ou chaque type est une étape dans la construction territoriale, et où la déforestation assume des rôles spécifiques. Les auteurs démontrent l’existence de territoires où persiste la déforestation, et d’autres où le développement territorial a lieu sans nouvelles déforestations. Sur la base de cette analyse, les auteurs font des recommandations de politiques publiques et de stratégies pour combattre la déforestation et promouvoir le développement durable dans chaque situation territoriale.
Deforestation rates in the Amazon achieve a floor rates in 2012, and are slow growing since 2013, questioning the scientific community about the causes of this persistence. The article presents an original methodology, analyzing the official annual data of deforestation, within a territorial focus and based on the systemic concepts of frontier margins dynamics. The authors elaborate a municipal typology, where each type is a step for territorial construction, and where deforestation assumes specific roles. The authors demonstrate the existence of deforestation territories, and others where development is not more based on new deforestations. Based on this analysis, the authors formulate suggestions for public policies and strategies to tackle persistent deforestations and to promote sustainable development in every territorial situation.
Reefs, mangroves and seagrass biotopes often occur in close association, forming a complex and highly productive ecosystem that provide significant ecologic and economic goods and services. Different ...anthropogenic disturbances are increasingly affecting these tropical coastal habitats leading to growing conservation concern. In this field-based study, we used a visual census technique (belt transects 50 m x 2 m) to investigate the interactions between fishes and microhabitats at the Mamanguape Mangrove-Reef system, NE Brazil. Overall, 144 belt transects were performed from October 2007 to September 2008 to assess the structure of the fish assemblage. Fish trophic groups and life stage (juveniles and adults) were recorded according to literature, the percent cover of the substrate was estimated using the point contact method. Our results revealed that fish composition gradually changed from the Estuarine to the Reef zone, and that fish assemblage was strongly related to the microhabitat availability, as suggested by the predominance of carnivores at the Estuarine zone and presence of herbivores at the Reef zone. Fish abundance and diversity were higher in the Reef zone and estuary margins, highlighting the importance of structural complexity. A pattern of nursery area utilization, with larger specimens at the Transition and Reef Zone and smaller individuals at the Estuarine zone, was recorded for Abudefduf saxatilis, Anisotremus surinamensis, Lutjanus alexandrei, and Lutjanus jocu. Our findings clearly suggests ecosystem connectivity between mangrove, seagrass and reef biotopes, and highlighted the importance of Mamanguape Mangrove-Reef System as a priority area for conservation and research, whose habitat mosaics should be further studied and protected.Original Abstract: Recifes, manguezais e bancos de fanerogamas marinhas sao biotopos frequentemente associados, formando um ecossistema complexo e altamente produtivo que proporciona significativos bens e servicos ecologicos e economicos. Diferentes impactos antropicos estao crescentemente afetando esses habitats costeiros tropicais, trazendo preocupacoes acerca de sua conservacao. Neste estudo de campo, utilizamos uma tecnica de censo visual subaquatico (transeccoes de 50 x 2 m) para investigar as interacoes entre os peixes e microhabitats no complexo estuarino-recifal de Mamanguape, no Nordeste do Brasil. Entre outubro de 2007 e setembro de 2008 foram realizadas 144 transeccoes para avaliar a estrutura da assembleia de peixes. Grupos troficos e estagios de vida dos peixes (jovens e adultos) foram registrados segundo a literatura, enquanto a porcentagem de cobertura do substrato foi estimada atraves do metodo de pontos de contato. Nossos resultados mostraram que a composicao da ictiofauna mudou gradualmente da Zona Estuarina para a Zona Recifal, e que a assembleia de peixes esteve fortemente relacionada com a disponibilidade de microhabitats - como sugerido pela predominancia de carnivoros na zona estuarina e presenca de herbivoros na zona recifal. A abundancia e diversidade de peixes foram maiores na zona recifal e nas margens do estuario, destacando a importancia da complexidade estrutural. O padrao de uso da area como bercario, com individuos maiores nas zonas de transicao e recifal, e os menores na zona estuarina, foi registrado para Abudefduf saxatilis, Anisotremus surinamensis, Hippocampus reidi, Lutjanus alexandrei e Lutjanus jocu. Nossos resultados sugerem que ha conectividade entre os biotopos de manguezal, bancos de fanerogamas e recifes, e destacam a importancia do Sistema Manguezal-Recife de Mamanguape como uma area prioritaria para conservacao e pesquisa, cujos mosaicos de habitats devem ser ainda estudados e protegidos.
Among the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games' unforgettable moments, one could not overlook performances by Phelps and Bolt, which challenge old premises about the maximum extension of individual ...supremacism in ultracompetitive modalities and the doping scandals. Different media channels resonated these two trends, with an unseen rise on discussions about traits and practices that may set ultrahigh performance athletes apart from the more ordinary ones. Yet, some key issues remain undebated. This paper aims to add to this debate, with a proof of concept trial, which investigates whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may serve as an aid for professional athletes. Ten professional athletes of three different modalities (judo,
= 4 athletes, swimming,
= 3 athletes, and rhythmic gymnastics,
= 3 athletes) received anodal stimulation (2 mA) for 20 min on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for ten consecutive weekdays. We observed a positive effect of tDCS in their cognitive performance, including a significant improvement in alternated, sustained, and divided attention and in memory scores. We also observed a decrease in Beck Depression Inventory scores (4.50 points) in this non-clinical population. These preliminary results suggest that tDCS sessions may translate into competitive advantages for professional athletes and recommend the deepening of the discussion on its ethical use in sports, which is ultimately tied to the wider debate around the risks and opportunities that neuromodulation brings to the table.
The main objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of the nursing diagnosis caregiver role strain (CRS) in caregivers of patients with stroke and to identify the accuracy of this ...diagnosis's clinical indicators. A total of 42 stroke patient caregivers who provided in-home care services in a city in north-eastern Brazil. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of clinical indicators of nursing diagnosis 'CRS' were analyzed. Study participants were mostly female, married and the daughters of stroke patients. CRS was present in 73.8% of caregivers. The presence of the clinical indicators, specifically, lack of time to meet personal needs (p = 0.011), increased emotional lability (p = 0.001), withdrawal from social life (p = 0.002), and changes in leisure activities (p = 0.002), presented high values for statistical measures of diagnostic accuracy.
Objective: to describe the concepts and characteristics, epidemiology of chronic renal failure, causes, clinical manifestations, treatment, pathophysiology and nursing care for patients with chronic ...renal failure. Materials and methods: the approach of the work was done through a clinical-problem case study. Scientific articles were searched to effectively respond to the case study. Results and discussion: the documentary analysis allowed the elaboration of seven categories that deal with renal failure, which responded appropriately to the clinical case. Final Considerations: the nursing team has the duty to administer the treatment to the patient, guide the family and the same in relation to the therapy instituted, monitor the patient’s response to treatment, monitoring the vital signs and potential complications in a synergistic work with the medical team.
The innate and adaptive immune responses involve the stimulation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factors through the Lys(63) (K(63))-linked ubiquitylation of specific components of NF-κB ...signaling pathways. We found that ubiquitylated components of the NF-κB pathway accumulated on the cytosolic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane after the engagement of cell-surface, proinflammatory cytokine receptors or antigen receptors. Through mass spectrometric analysis, we found that the ER-anchored protein metadherin (MTDH) was a partner for these ubiquitylated activators of NF-κB and that it directly bound to K(63)-linked polyubiquitin chains. Knockdown of MTDH inhibited the accumulation of ubiquitylated NF-κB signaling components at the ER, reduced the extent of NF-κB activation, and decreased the amount of proinflammatory cytokines produced. Our observations highlight an unexpected facet of the ER as a key subcellular gateway for NF-κB activation.
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