Recent progress in nanotechnology and its application to biomedical settings have generated great advantages in dealing with early cancer diagnosis. The identification of the specific properties of ...cancer cells, such as the expression of particular plasma membrane molecular receptors, has become crucial in revealing the presence and in assessing the stage of development of the disease. Here we report a single cell screening approach based on Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) microimaging. We fabricated a SERS-labelled nanovector based on the biofunctionalization of gold nanoparticles with folic acid. After treating the cells with the nanovector, we were able to distinguish three different cell populations from different cell lines (cancer HeLa and PC-3, and normal HaCaT lines), suitably chosen for their different expressions of folate binding proteins. The nanovector, indeed, binds much more efficiently on cancer cell lines than on normal ones, resulting in a higher SERS signal measured on cancer cells. These results pave the way for applications in single cell diagnostics and, potentially, in theranostics.
In areas with limited field data, predictive habitat mapping is a valuable method for elucidating species-environment relationships and enhancing our knowledge of the spatial distribution and ...complexity of benthic habitats. Species distribution models (SDMs) can be an important tool to support in science-based ecosystem management. The availability of direct observations of mesophotic species, including gorgonians and black corals, during costly surveys is generally limited. Therefore, predicting the distribution of mesophotic species in relation to key physical parameters of the seafloor would help improving conservation strategies in existing and new Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). This study aims to assess the distribution of gorgonians and black corals off Linosa Island, in the Strait of Sicily, a biogeographic boundary area between the western and eastern Mediterranean. The volcanic island of Linosa represents a small, naturally preserved area, with very limited human pressure, hosting rich marine benthic biodiversity on its wide submarine portions. Distribution of the most common coral species off Linosa Island was modelled under an SDM framework, relying on direct observations collected during two research cruises in 2016 and 2017 and a series of terrain parameters acquired through geophysical techniques. We used the so-called “ensemble of small models” approach to calibrate SDMs, which achieved fair-to-excellent results (AUC >0.7). In addition to identifying depth as the primary factor influencing coral distribution, our study also highlighted ruggedness as a significant terrain variable. Specifically, the depth range of 110–230 m emerged as the critical parameter determining habitat suitability for all modelled species, also highlighting peculiar and specie–specific habitat requirements.
•Habitat suitability models predict deep coral ecosystems off Linosa Island.•Depth and ruggedness are key factors for coral distribution in the area.•Depth range of 110–230m is critical for most modelled coral species.•Species Distribution Models (SDMs) show excellent predictive performance.
Lab-on-Chip are miniaturized systems able to perform biomolecular analysis in shorter time and with lower reagent consumption than a standard laboratory. Their miniaturization interferes with the ...multiple functions that the biochemical procedures require. In order to address this issue, our paper presents, for the first time, the integration on a single glass substrate of different thin film technologies in order to develop a multifunctional platform suitable for on-chip thermal treatments and on-chip detection of biomolecules. The proposed System on-Glass hosts thin metal films acting as heating sources; hydrogenated amorphous silicon diodes acting both as temperature sensors to monitor the temperature distribution and photosensors for the on-chip detection and a ground plane ensuring that the heater operation does not affect the photodiode currents.
The sequence of the technological steps, the deposition temperatures of the thin films and the parameters of the photolithographic processes have been optimized in order to overcome all the issues of the technological integration.
The device has been designed, fabricated and tested for the implementation of DNA amplification through the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with thermal cycling among three different temperatures on a single site. The glass has been connected to an electronic system that drives the heaters and controls the temperature and light sensors. It has been optically and thermally coupled with another glass hosting a microfluidic network made in polydimethylsiloxane that includes thermally actuated microvalves and a PCR process chamber. The successful DNA amplification has been verified off-chip by using a standard fluorometer.
•Compact, multifunctional platform based on thin film devices for Lab-on-Chip applications.•System-on-Glass integrating thin film resistors and amorphous silicon temperature/photo sensors.•Optimization of the system fabrication process.•Disposable microfluidic network for low cost biochemical analysis.
The epiglottis is an important structure that was largely ignored in early research on obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). Primary epiglottis collapse (EC) in patients with OSAHS is ...difficult to treat with conservative therapies, such as oral appliances and CPAP. Therefore, surgical treatment may represent a good option when dealing with EC, although up to now no standardised surgical procedures have been described. Herein, we describe a new surgical procedure that we called “epiglottis stiffening operation” (ESO); the technique is safe, devoid of complications, easy to perform and is effective in treatment of primary EC, which presents as a single or coexistent site of upper airway obstruction without altering fundamental functions of the epiglottis.
A precision measurement of the ratio RK of the rates of kaon leptonic decays K±→e±ν and K±→μ±ν with the full data sample collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN in 2007–2008 is reported. The result, ...obtained by analysing ∼150000 reconstructed K±→e±ν candidates with 11% background contamination, is RK=(2.488±0.010)×10−5, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation.
Objective
The scope of this paper is to review the subtypes of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke (mS) in which a surgical treatment is needed, discussing the importance and the timing ...of a multidisciplinary approach, in order to achieve an optimized management and prevent major strokes or other critical complications.
Materials and methods
The keywords “transient ischemic attack,” “minor stroke,” “surgical treatment,” “vascular surgery,” “heart surgery,” “neurosurgery,” and “multidisciplinary” were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. Relevant search results were discussed by the authors for references inclusion.
Results
Notwithstanding that best medical therapy is usually the first choice for the most part of cases, there are specific but recurrent etiologies that must be properly recognized because of a potential surgical approach, even in urgency. In fact, symptomatic carotid stenosis, or particular cases of hemodynamic cerebrovascular events, should be promptly referred to vascular surgeon, since increasing evidences highlighted a benefit from an early artery revascularization. In addition, beyond arrhythmic causes, cardioembolic events due to bacterial endocarditis and atrial myxoma should be quickly diagnosed, possibly in emergency department, because they are a presumptive urgency for heart surgery. In addition to the above-mentioned conditions, in patients suffering from vertebrobasilar TIA or mS, clinicians should keep in mind the Bow Hunter disease, because surgical artery decompression can represent the only suitable treatment in selected cases.
Conclusions
TIA and mS require a multidisciplinary in order to discuss therapeutic options, comparing risks and benefits and determining the best timing for an optimized management.
•Development and testing of a lab-on-chip for viral DNA amplification with real-time on-chip detection.•Optimization of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique to specifically ...amplify parvovirus B19 DNA.•Coupling of LAMP with Bioluminescent Assay in Real Time (BART) technology to provide real-time quantification of target DNA.•Integration of amorphous silicon sensors and thin film heaters on a glass substrate for temperature control and on-chip detection.
The present paper describes the development of an integrated lab-on-chip, in which viral DNA amplification with real-time on-chip detection is carried out under constant temperature of 65 °C. The lab-on-chip is composed of a disposable 10-μL polydimethylsiloxane reaction chamber which is thermally and optically coupled to a glass substrate that hosts a thin-film metallic resistive heater and thin-film amorphous silicon diodes which act as temperature and radiation sensors. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was optimized to specifically amplify parvovirus B19 DNA and coupled with Bioluminescent Assay in Real Time (BART) technology to provide real-time detection of target DNA. The experimental results demonstrate the ability of the proposed device to discriminate among different concentrations of viral DNA with an excellent agreement with standard off-chip methods.
•A lab-on-a-chip system for real-time monitoring multiple displacement amplification.•Integration of heaters, sensors & interference filter on a single glass plate (SoG).•The MDA reaction is carried ...out in a microfluidic chip of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC).•The light-switch complex Ru(phen)2(dppz)2+ as fluorophore to monitor amplification.•Succesfull real-time monitoring of the amplification reaction with this system.
The integration of systems for real-time monitoring of DNA amplification reactions is rather limited, because the heating system, the temperature control and the detection system are usually realized with separate modules. In this work, a lab-on-a-chip system for real-time monitoring of the multiple displacement amplification reaction (MDA) is presented. The amplification and detection unit consists of a system-on-glass (SoG) coupled to a microfluidic chip. The SoG includes thin film metallic resistors and amorphous silicon temperature sensors to control the temperature, as well as amorphous silicon photosensors and an interference filter for fluorescence detection on a single glass plate. The amplification reaction is carried out in the microfluidic chip made of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). By using this setup, the multiple displacement amplification reaction can be monitored in real-time using the fluorophore Ru(phen)2(dppz)2+.
Previous studies on the common ragworm Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) revealed a marked genetic fragmentation across its distribution and the occurrence of sibling taxa in the Baltic ...Sea. These results suggested that the phylogeographic patterns of H. diversicolor could reflect interactions between cryptic differentiation and multiple colonization events. This study aims to describe the large-scale genetic structuring of H. diversicolor and to trace the phylogeographic origins of the genetic types described in the Baltic Sea. Samples of H. diversicolor (2 < n < 28) were collected at 16 locations across the NE Atlantic coasts of Europe and Morocco and in the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas and sequenced at two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and cytb, 345 and 290 bp, respectively). Bayesian analyses revealed deep phylogeographic splits yielding three main clades corresponding to populations (i) from the NE Atlantic coasts (from Germany to Morocco) and from part of the Western Mediterranean, (ii) from the Mediterranean Sea, and (iii) from the Black and Caspian Seas. These clades are further divided in well-supported subclades including populations from different regions of NE Atlantic and Mediterranean (i.e. Portugal/Morocco, Western Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea). The Baltic Sea comprises three sympatric lineages sharing a common evolutionary history with populations from NE Atlantic, Western Mediterranean and Black/Caspian Seas, respectively. Hence, the current patterns of genetic structuring of H. diversicolor appear as the result of allopatric isolation, multiple colonization events and possible adaptation to local environmental conditions.
This study was designed to determine whether hypnosis can modulate color perception. Such evidence would provide insight into the nature of hypnosis and its underlying mechanisms.
Eight highly ...hypnotizable subjects were asked to see a color pattern in color, a similar gray-scale pattern in color, the color pattern as gray scale, and the gray-scale pattern as gray scale during positron emission tomography scanning by means of (15)OCO(2). The classic color area in the fusiform or lingual region of the brain was first identified by analyzing the results when subjects were asked to perceive color as color versus when they were asked to perceive gray scale as gray scale.
When subjects were hypnotized, color areas of the left and right hemispheres were activated when they were asked to perceive color, whether they were actually shown the color or the gray-scale stimulus. These brain regions had decreased activation when subjects were told to see gray scale, whether they were actually shown the color or gray-scale stimuli. These results were obtained only during hypnosis in the left hemisphere, whereas blood flow changes reflected instructions to perceive color versus gray scale in the right hemisphere, whether or not subjects had been hypnotized.
Among highly hypnotizable subjects, observed changes in subjective experience achieved during hypnosis were reflected by changes in brain function similar to those that occur in perception. These findings support the claim that hypnosis is a psychological state with distinct neural correlates and is not just the result of adopting a role.
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