Slovenia as an industrialized country faced the problem of brownfields only after independence in 1991 when market economy principles were re-introduced, and several industrial sectors became ...uncompetitive in a European and global scale. Lack of the awareness of the problem made it possible that no clear definition of the brownfields has been developed until 1998. The spatial planning legislation was lagging even more with a first formal definition of a brownfield made only in 2007. The aim of the paper is to analyze the development in brownfield related terminology in Slovenian spatial planning legislation, especially related to the definition of the brownfield site and brownfield regeneration process. All three spatial planning acts (ZUreP-1, ZPNačrt and ZUreP-2), adopted in independent Slovenia were analyzed based on the same brownfield related keywords. All three laws included the topics related to brownfields in several section of the respective document. The terminology changed with each new law and the formal definitions as well. There is a pattern in terminological differentiation of the definition of the regeneration process, one for urban brownfields and other for non-urban. It seems that one terminology came from the urban planning field and the other one from the environmental and landscape field. There is a need for a more standardized approach in terminology and an overall shift towards understanding brownfields as a spatial phenomenon that regardless of its location needs a holistic approach in regeneration.
Ljubljana was the first post-socialist city awarded with the title European Green Capital. The title awarded by the European Commission is given to a city that is achieving high environmental ...standards, is setting ambitious goals for further environmental improvement and sustainable development, and can act as a role model to inspire other cities and promote best practices to all other European cities. The article is based on a hypothesis that at the moment when Ljubljana applied for (and was awarded) the European Green Capital title, it had strong strategic spatial planning and successful territorial governance, as well as the interweaving of both. To prove the hypothesis, the timetable and characteristics of the strategic spatial planning and territorial governance in Ljubljana are presented in this article and critically evaluated. Critical evaluation and analyses are also assessed using a qualitative research method, i.e., semi-structured in-depth interviews among experts from four professional fields including spatial planning, urbanism, architecture, and management. The results confirmed the hypothesis: Ljubljana’s sustainability-oriented strategic spatial plan prepared by a variety of stakeholders, experts, and citizens, as well as the effective governance system established by the mayor, a manager by profession, were two factors that coincided at a crucial moment. This was recognized by the European Commission and Ljubljana was awarded a prestigious title. Ljubljana can therefore serve as an excellent sustainable example for other post-socialist cities in terms of strategic spatial planning and governance.
The paper compares methods and results concerning the two most recent inventories of brownfield sites in Slovenia: while the MOP inventory focuses more on spatial planning issues, the MGRT inventory ...concentrates more on economic issues. Therefore, the two methodologies used cannot be properly combined and a new methodology for brownfields inventory is only able to adopt certain elements of each.
U radu se prikazuju metode i rezultati koji se odnose na usporedbu dva novija popisa brownfield lokacija u Sloveniji: popis MOP-a usmjeren na probleme prostornog planiranja i popis MGRT-a usmjeren na gospodarske probleme. Stoga se dvije korištene metodologije ne mogu adekvatno kombinirati. Nova metodologija za izradu popisa brownfield lokacija mogla bi usvojiti neke elemente iz obje postojeće.
Industrial symbiosis (IS) recognizes the exchange of waste resources and by-products between companies that do not normally cooperate in resource exchange; on the other hand, urban symbiosis (UrS) ...recognizes the use of solid waste in cities as input sources for industries that do not normally accept these sources. It is difficult to realize both in a pre-planned process, and there are few successful initiatives based on the exchange of waste and energy. The main objective of this research is to find out whether there are urban strategies that support the emergence, existence and development of IS and/or UrS in Slovenia. National documents, networks, projects, programs, and national statistical sources were examined. The Integrated Sustainable Urban Development Strategies (ISUSD) for eleven cities and municipalities were reviewed against ten selected indicators. The main findings are that there is intense awareness raising on IS and UrS, and adequate overall legislative support, aligned with EU legislation. Nevertheless, there has been surprisingly less waste conversion to energy recovery since 2010. The reuse of by-products either for energy or new products is non-existent or negligible. Selected main urban strategies for cities in Slovenia are far from setting more concrete guidelines for the development of IS and/or UrS. In the future, more successful integration of IS and UrS is possible in the context of regeneration development of brownfield sites.
Prostorsko planiranje je več kot le skupek različnih znanj in metodologij. Je enovit sistem, ki ima svoj življenjski ciklus. Menimo, da je proces prostorskega planiranja mogoče opredeliti tudi kot ...svojevrsten informacijski ali poslovni sistem. Ker je klasična deskriptivna analiza lahko subjektivna in nenatančna, bi lahko uporabili orodja za modeliranje, ki so se izoblikovala na področju razvoja poslovnih in informacijskih sistemov. Tako izdelani modeli so odlična podlaga za analizo in morda tudi reinženiring celotnega sistema. V članku je predstavljeno trenutno stanje na področju modeliranja poslovnih in informacijskih sistemov. Cilj prispevka je, da predstavi in na grobo opredeli, kateri izmed načinov modeliranja bi bil najprimernejši za sistem prostorskega planiranja.
Physical planning is more than a mass of different knowledge and methodology. It is a unified system with its own life cycle. We believe that the spatial planning process can be defined as a unique ...information or business system. Since classical descriptive analysis can be subjective and inaccurate we could apply modelling tools that have been devised in the development of business and information systems. Such models are an excellent background for analysing and possibly reinventing the whole system. The article presents the present state of modelling business and information systems. The aim of the article is to present and roughly define which modelling method is best suited for the system of physical planning.
U radu se prikazuju metode i rezultati koji se odnose na usporedbu dva novija popisa brownfield lokacija u Sloveniji: popis MOP-a usmjeren na probleme prostornog planiranja i popis MGRT-a usmjeren na ...gospodarske probleme. Stoga se dvije korištene metodologije ne mogu adekvatno kombinirati. Nova metodologija za izradu popisa brownfield lokacija mogla bi usvojiti neke elemente iz obje postojeće.
Kranj is the third biggest municipality in Slovenia, by number of inhabitants. It was a highly industrialised city before the 1990s. Today it still has major electronics, rubber and other ...manufacturers, but because of the change of economic system, globalisation and the independence of Slovenia in 1991, many factories went bankrupt, leaving a high number of brownfield sites behind. Despite existing brownfields, many new developments in the last 25 years were built on greenfield sites. Recent economic growth in Slovenia is mainly based on competitive export-oriented industries and their need to expand places additional pressure on soil sealing. This paper focuses on the potentials of industrial symbiosis in the City of Kranj in brownfields regeneration, mainly by improving the attractiveness of (partly) abandoned former industrial sites. Eco-industrial parks and industrial symbiosis are important elements of the new green (circular) economy, by reducing the need for raw materials, energy and water in industrial processes, but by building them in greenfield areas, we neglect the importance of land and soil as a very limited natural resource. In 2015, the City of Kranj adopted its Sustainable Urban Strategy 2030 and many of its objectives could be achieved through the concept of industrial symbiosis. Also, in 2017, a new inventory of brownfield sites was made, based on the standardised methodology for the whole Slovenia. This paper examines the potentials to establish industrial symbiosis by analysing three strategic documents. The benefits of industrial symbiosis can be seen for both industry seeking new development sites and the municipality, which aims to reduce soil sealing through brownfields reactivation.
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