The management of research data is now a major challenge for research organisations. Vast quantities of born-digital data are being produced in a wide variety of forms at a rapid rate in ...universities. This paper analyses the contribution of academic libraries to research data management (RDM) in the wider institutional context. In particular it: examines the roles and relationships involved in RDM, identifies the main components of an RDM programme, evaluates the major drivers for RDM activities, and analyses the key factors influencing the shape of RDM developments. The study is written from the perspective of library professionals, analysing data from 26 semi-structured interviews of library staff from different UK institutions. This is an early qualitative contribution to the topic complementing existing quantitative and case study approaches. Results show that although libraries are playing a significant role in RDM, there is uncertainty and variation in the relationship with other stakeholders such as IT services and research support offices. Current emphases in RDM programmes are on developments of policies and guidelines, with some early work on technology infrastructures and support services. Drivers for developments include storage, security, quality, compliance, preservation, and sharing with libraries associated most closely with the last three. The paper also highlights a 'jurisdictional' driver in which libraries are claiming a role in this space. A wide range of factors, including governance, resourcing and skills, are identified as influencing ongoing developments. From the analysis, a model is constructed designed to capture the main aspects of an institutional RDM programme. This model helps to clarify the different issues involved in RDM, identifying layers of activity, multiple stakeholders and drivers, and a large number of factors influencing the implementation of any initiative. Institutions may usefully benchmark their activities against the data and model in order to inform ongoing RDM activity.
COVID is having immediate and long-term impacts on the use of libraries. But these changes will probably not alter the importance of the academic library as a space. In the decade pre COVID libraries ...saw a growing number of visits, despite the increasing availability of material digitally. The first part of the article offers an analysis of the factors driving this growth, such as changing pedagogies, diversification in the student body, new technologies plus tighter estates management. Barriers to change such as academic staff readiness, cost, and slow decision making are also presented. Then, the main body of the article discusses emerging factors which are likely to further shape the use of library space, namely: concerns with student well-being; sustainability; equality, diversity and inclusion, and colonization; increasing co-design with students; and new technologies. A final model captures the inter-related factors shaping use and design of library space post COVID.
Changes in pedagogy to emphasise independent study and group work have increased the need for informal learning spaces on campuses. University libraries have been quick to respond to this need, ...partly because of the decline in book lending and partly because of technology enablers. Furthermore, new types of buildings that combine many types of facility, including libraries and informal learning spaces, are being built. This research aimed to explore students' experience of such informal learning spaces, through focus groups and walk with interviews. It was found that the creation of different types of learning atmosphere, should be understood as a multi-sensory experience, and actively constructed by learners themselves. Informal learning spaces are important destinations for students, who have favourite places to study, where they often work alongside companions and find motivation to work in the presence of others.(HRK / Abstract übernommen).
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is central to transformative changes happening in many industries, perhaps potentially to a fourth industrial revolution, but it has also raised a storm of ethical ...concerns. Information professionals need to navigate these ethical issues effectively because they are likely to use AI in delivering services as well as contributing to the process of adoption of AI more widely in their organisations. Professional ethical codes are too high level to offer precise or complete guidance. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to review the relevant literature and describe eight ethics scenarios of AI which have been developed specifically for information professionals to understand the issues in a concrete form. The paper considers how AI might be defined and presents some of the applications relevant to the information profession. It then summarises the key ethical issues raised by AI in general both those inherent to the technology and those arising from the nature of the AI industry. It considers existing studies that have discussed aspects of the ethical issues specifically for information professionals. It then describes a set of eight ethics scenarios that have been developed and shared in an open form to promote their reuse.
This article reports an international study of research data management (RDM) activities, services, and capabilities in higher education libraries. It presents the results of a survey covering higher ...education libraries in Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the UK. The results indicate that libraries have provided leadership in RDM, particularly in advocacy and policy development. Service development is still limited, focused especially on advisory and consultancy services (such as data management planning support and data‐related training), rather than technical services (such as provision of a data catalog, and curation of active data). Data curation skills development is underway in libraries, but skills and capabilities are not consistently in place and remain a concern. Other major challenges include resourcing, working with other support services, and achieving “buy in” from researchers and senior managers. Results are compared with previous studies in order to assess trends and relative maturity levels. The range of RDM activities explored in this study are positioned on a “landscape maturity model,” which reflects current and planned research data services and practice in academic libraries, representing a “snapshot” of current developments and a baseline for future research.
On April 2, 2018, the State Council of China formally released a national Research Data Management (RDM) policy “Measures for Managing Scientific Data”. In this context and given that university ...libraries have played an important role in supporting RDM at an institutional level in North America, Europe, and Australasia, the aim of this article is to explore the current status of RDM in Chinese universities, in particular how university libraries have been involved in taking the agenda forward. This article uses a mixed‐methods data collection approach and draws on a website analysis of university policies and services; a questionnaire for university librarians; and semi‐structured interviews. Findings indicate that Research Data Service at a local level in Chinese Universities are in their infancy. There is more evidence of activity in developing data repositories than support services. There is little development of local policy. Among the explanations of this may be the existence of a national‐level infrastructure for some subject disciplines, the lack of professionalization of librarianship, and the relatively weak resonance of openness as an idea in the Chinese context.
Prxs (peroxiredoxins) are a family of proteins that are extremely effective at scavenging peroxides. The Prxs exhibit a number of intriguing properties that distinguish them from conventional ...antioxidants, including a susceptibility to inactivation by hyperoxidation in the presence of excess peroxide and the ability to form complex oligomeric structures. These properties, combined with a high cellular abundance and reactivity with hydrogen peroxide, have led to speculation that the Prxs function as redox sensors that transmit signals as part of the cellular response to oxidative stress. Multicellular organisms express several different Prxs that can be categorized by their subcellular distribution. In mammals, Prx 3 and Prx 5 are targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondria are a major source of hydrogen peroxide, and this oxidant is implicated in the damage associated with aging and a number of pathologies. Hydrogen peroxide can also act as a second messenger, and is linked with signalling events in mitochondria, including the induction of apoptosis. A simple kinetic competition analysis estimates that Prx 3 will be the target for up to 90% of hydrogen peroxide generated in the matrix. Therefore, mitochondrial Prxs have the potential to play a major role in mitochondrial redox signalling, but the extent of this role and the mechanisms involved are currently unclear.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in the pathogenesis of colon and other cancers; emerging evidence indicates that oncogenic β-catenin regulates several biological processes essential for ...cancer initiation and progression. To decipher the role of β-catenin in transformation, we classified β-catenin activity in 85 cancer cell lines in which we performed genome-scale loss-of-function screens and found that β-catenin active cancers are dependent on a signaling pathway involving the transcriptional regulator YAP1. Specifically, we found that YAP1 and the transcription factor TBX5 form a complex with β-catenin. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by the tyrosine kinase YES1 leads to localization of this complex to the promoters of antiapoptotic genes, including BCL2L1 and BIRC5. A small-molecule inhibitor of YES1 impeded the proliferation of β-catenin-dependent cancers in both cell lines and animal models. These observations define a β-catenin-YAP1-TBX5 complex essential to the transformation and survival of β-catenin-driven cancers.
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► β-catenin-dependent cancers require YAP1 expression for survival ► β-catenin, YAP1, and TBX5 form a complex that drives expression of BIRC5 and BCL2L1 ► YES1 regulates the activity of the β-catenin-YAP1-TBX5 complex ► The YES1 inhibitor dasatinib inhibits the proliferation of β-catenin-active cells
Loss-of-function screens and β-catenin activity profiling in 85 cancer cell lines identified a transcriptional complex composed of YAP1, a known mediator of Hippo signaling, the transcription factor TBX5, and β-catenin. This complex is essential for the proliferation and tumorigenicity of β-catenin-active cell lines.
A
bstract
We study four-dimensional gauge theories with arbitrary simple gauge group with 1-form global center symmetry and 0-form parity or discrete chiral symmetry. We canonically quantize on 𝕋
3
..., in a fixed background field gauging the 1-form symmetry. We show that the mixed 0-form/1-form ’t Hooft anomaly results in a central extension of the global-symmetry operator algebra. We determine this algebra in each case and show that the anomaly implies degeneracies in the spectrum of the Hamiltonian at any finite- size torus. We discuss the consistency of these constraints with both older and recent semiclassical calculations in SU(
N
) theories, with or without adjoint fermions, as well as with their conjectured infrared phases.
The intelligent library Cox, Andrew M.; Pinfield, Stephen; Rutter, Sophie
Library hi tech,
09/2019, Letnik:
37, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Purpose
The last few years have seen a surge of interest in artificial intelligence (AI). The purpose of this paper is to capture a snapshot of perceptions of the potential impact of AI on academic ...libraries and to reflect on its implications for library work.
Design/methodology/approach
The data for the study were interviews with 33 library directors, library commentators and experts in education and publishing.
Findings
Interviewees identified impacts of AI on search and resource discovery, on scholarly publishing and on learning. Challenges included libraries being left outside the focus of development, ethical concerns, intelligibility of decisions and data quality. Some threat to jobs was perceived. A number of potential roles for academic libraries were identified such as data acquisition and curation, AI tool acquisition and infrastructure building, aiding user navigation and data literacy.
Originality/value
This is one of the first papers to examine current expectations around the impact of AI on academic libraries. The authors propose the paradigm of the intelligent library to capture the potential impact of AI for libraries.
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