Con il termine Sleep disorder breathing (SDB) sintendono tutte quelle difficoltà respiratorie che si verificano durante il sonno. Si può osservare una grande variabilità nella sintomatologia dei ...pazienti affetti da SDB, direttamente proporzionale alla resistenza che le vie aeree superiori offrono al passaggio dellaria quando queste sono ostruite. LSDB rappresenta un ampio ventaglio di disturbi che vanno dal russamento primario fino ad arrivare alle apnee ostruttive del sonno. I bambini con problemi respiratori tendono a compensare lostruzione delle vie aeree assumendo posizioni caratteristiche, tali da garantire il mantenimento della pervietà delle vie aeree durante il sonno. Unanomalia di posizione nel sonno, durante la fase di crescita e sviluppo, si ripercuote in unalterazione dello sviluppo occlusale e in una modifica del pattern di crescita. Le principali alterazioni sono a carico del mascellare superiore, dellaltezza facciale, del tono muscolare e della posizione mandibolare; nei bambini con SDB, infatti, è spesso presente un pattern scheletrico di Classe II, con lunghezza mandibolare ridotta ed overbite aumentato. Lo scopo del presente studio è stato quello di valutare i cambiamenti craniofacciali indotti dalla terapia funzionale di avanzamento mandibolare con particolare riferimento alla dimensione sagittale delle vie aeree, superiori ed inferiori, alla posizione dellosso ioide e alla posizione della lingua in soggetti con SDB e malocclusione di Classe II, messi a confronto con un gruppo controllo in Classe II non trattato. 51 soggetti (24 femmine, 27 maschi; età media 9,9 ± 1,3 anni) con malocclusione dentoscheletrica di Classe II e SDB trattati con il dispositivo funzionale Monoblocco Modificato (MM) sono stati messi a confronto con un gruppo controllo non trattato di 31 soggetti (15 maschi, 16 femmine; età media 10,1 ± 1,1 anni) presentanti la stessa malocclusione senza SDB. Il gruppo di studio è stato valutato da uno specialista in otorinolaringoiatria per la definizione del tipo di respirazione ed è stato sottoposto ad un esame fisico completo. I genitori di tutti i pazienti hanno completato un questionario per valutare la presenza di sintomi notturni e diurni prima e dopo il test clinico (versione italiana in 22 punti del Pediatric sleep questionnaire, ideato da Ronald Chervin). Le teleradiografie in proiezione latero laterale sono state analizzate allinizio e alla fine del trattamento con MM. Tutte le misurazioni cefalometriche dei due gruppi sono state analizzate attraverso dei test per la valutazione statistica dei cambiamenti avvenuti durante il trattamento. I risultati hanno evidenziato dei cambiamenti scheletrici favorevoli nel gruppo trattato a tempo T2. La terapia funzionale di avanzamento mandibolare ha indotto dei cambiamenti statisticamente significativi nella dimensione sagittale delle vie aeree, nella posizione dellosso ioide e nella posizione della lingua in soggetti di Classe II affetti da SDB rispetto ai controlli non trattati. Dopo la terapia ortodontica in 45 pazienti del gruppo di studio è stata osservata una riduzione dei sintomi diurni di SDB. Il trattamento con apparecchiature funzionali, non solo migliora i rapporti tra mascellare superiore e mandibola, ma riduce anche il rischio del collasso delle vie aere superiori. La logica terapeutica si basa sul concetto che tutte le anomalie, legate ad un retroposizionamento mandibolare, beneficiano della terapia funzionale di avanzamento mandibolare, che è in grado di ampliare lo spazio posteriormente alla lingua ed allo stesso tempo promuovere lavanzamento linguale. Lo spostamento anteriore della mandibola influenza la posizione dellosso ioide e la posizione della lingua, aumentando lo spazio intermascellare in cui questultima alloggia e migliorando la morfologia delle vie aeree superiori. Ne consegue sia la risoluzione della malocclusione scheletrica di Classe II che il miglioramento dei rapporti retrofaringei, eliminando quei fattori predisponenti per lo sviluppo di disturbi respiratori in età adulta.
Most research addressing needs and concerns of young patients with breast cancer (≤40 years) is retrospective. The HOHO European protocol is a prospective multicenter cohort study of young women with ...newly diagnosed breast cancer, about fertility, psychosocial and quality of life concerns. Here we report the baseline data and focus on predictors of fertility concerns.
Patient surveys and medical record review were used. The baseline survey included sociodemographic, medical and treatment data as well as questions on fertility concerns and preservation strategies. Subscales from the CAncer Rehabilitation Evaluation System-Short Form (CARES-SF) were administered to measure specific quality of life aspects. Uni- and multivariable modeling were used to investigate predictors of greater fertility concern.
Among 297 eligible respondents, 67% discussed fertility issues before starting therapy, 64% were concerned about becoming infertile after treatment, and 15% decided not to follow prescribed therapies. Fifty-four percent of women wished future children before diagnosis; of these, 71% still desired biologic children afterwards. In multivariable analysis, not having children was the only patient characteristic significantly associated with fertility concerns at diagnosis. Twenty-seven percent used fertility preservation strategies. Women who received chemotherapy reported greater physical (p = 0.021) and sexual difficulties (p = 0.039) than women who did not. Women who were married or had a partner reported less psychosocial problems than single women (p = 0.039).
Young women with newly diagnosed breast cancer have several concerns, including, but not limited to, fertility. The HOHO European study provides valuable information to develop targeted interventions.
•Many young women desire future biologic children after breast cancer.•Sixty-four percent of study patients had fertility concerns.•A low proportion of patients took fertility preservation measures.•Women treated with chemotherapy reported greater physical and sexual difficulties.•Women with stable relationships reported less psychosocial problems than single women.
To evaluate the relationship between the severity degree of OSA (apnea/hypopnea index AHI>1) and palatal area and volume, measured by 3D analysis of digital casts in Marfan children.
Twenty children ...with a clinical diagnosis of MS were recruited from a tertiary medical center. All the subjects underwent standard nocturnal polygraphy testing. Sixteen Marfan patients (7F,9 M; mean age 8.8yy ± 1.5yy) with AHI>1 were enrolled. Marfan Group (MG) was compared with a control group (CG) of 17 children without Marfan syndrome (9F,8 M; mean age 8.5yy ± 1.7yy) presenting with nose-breathing pattern. For each subject maxillary digital casts were taken and palatal area and volume were measured. Unpaired t-test was used to test significant differences between MG and CG for area and volume measurements. Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was used to measure the linear correlation between the degree of OSA (AHI index) and palatal volume and palatal area.
80% of Marfan children presented an AHI>1 and a diagnosis of OSA. MG presented statistically significant lower values of palatal surface area (662.68 mm2; P < 0.0001) and palatal volume (2578.1 mm3; P < 0.0001) with respect to CG (923.0 mm2 and 3756.6 mm3, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that AHI index had no linear correlation with palatal area (r = - 0,07) and with palatal volume (r = − 0,11).
OSA is highly prevalent in children with Marfan's syndrome (80%). Marfan children present a reduction of palatal area and volume when compared to healthy subjects. OSA in Marfan children is not linear correlated to the palatal morphology and it shows a multifactorial aetiology.
The purpose of this cephalometric study was to evaluate the craniofacial changes induced by functional treatment of mandibular advancement with special regard to pharyngeal sagittal airway ...dimensions, tongue and hyoid bone position in subjects with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and dentoskeletal Class II malocclusions compared with an untreated Class II control group. 51 subjects (24 female, 27 male; mean age 9.9 ± 1.3 years) with Class II malocclusion and SDB consecutively treated with a functional appliance (Modify Monobloc, MM) were compared with a control group of 31 subjects (15 males, 16 females; mean age 10.1 ± 1.1) with untreated Class II malocclusion. For the study group, mode of breathing was defined by an otorhinolaryngologist according to complete physical examination. The parents of all participants completed a modified version of the paediatric sleep questionnaire, PSQ-SRBD Scale, by Ronald Chervin (the Italian version in 22 items form) before and after the trial. Lateral cephalograms were available at the start and end of treatment with the MM. Descriptive statistics were used for all cephalometric measurements in the two groups for active treatment changes. Significant, favourable skeletal changes in the mandible were observed in the treated group after T2. Significant short-term changes in sagittal airway dimensions, hyoid position and tongue position were induced by functional therapy of mandibular advancement in subjects with Class II malocclusion and SDB compared with untreated controls. After orthodontic treatment, a significant reduction in diurnal symptoms was observed in 45 of the 51 participants who had received an oral appliance. Orthodontic treatment is considered to be a potential therapeutic approach for SDB in children. Orthodontists are playing an increasingly important role in managing snoring and respiratory problems by oral mandibular advancement devices and rapid maxillary expansion.
This observational study investigates the use of adjuvant trastuzumab (AT) in HER2-positive breast cancer patients in a real-life setting, focusing on relapse and discontinuation rates.
Data on a ...group of HER2-positive patients collected from 13 oncology centers of northeast Italy were analyzed.
In total, 1245 patients were analyzed. 13.1% of patients were excluded from AT because of comorbidities, age, tumor stage, refusal or other reasons; 8.2% of patients who received AT interrupted the therapy, mainly for toxicity. Overall the relapse rate was 10.9% in the AT-treated population versus 22.6% in nontreated patients (follow-up: 37.4 and 62.1 months, respectively). Disease-free survival (DFS) was lower in AT-relapsed patients than in not-relapsed. Statistical analysis showed a correlation between DFS and estrogen receptor status in AT-treated patients.
Relapse rates are lower in clinical setting compared to clinical trials. Overall, AT is effective in HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer patients.
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