The search for 4He-eta bound states was performed with the WASA-at-COSY facility via the measurement of the excitation function for the dd->3He n pi0 and dd->3He p pi- processes. The beam momentum ...was varied continuously between 2.127 GeV/c and 2.422 GeV/c, corresponding to the excess energy for the dd->4He eta reaction ranging from Q=-70 MeV to Q=30 MeV. The luminosity was determined based on the dd->3He n reaction and quasi-free proton-proton scattering via dd->pp n_spectator n_spectator reactions. The excitation functions determined independently for the measured reactions do not reveal a structure which could be interpreted as a narrow mesic nucleus. Therefore, the upper limits of the total cross sections for the bound state production and decay in dd->(4He-eta)_bound->3He n pi0 and dd->(4He-eta)_bound->3He p pi- processes were determined taking into account the isospin relation between both the channels considered. The results of the analysis depend on the assumptions of the N* momentum distribution in the anticipated mesic-4He. Assuming as in the previous works, that this is identical with the distribution of nucleons bound with 20 MeV in 4He, we determined that (for the mesic bound state width in the range from 5 MeV to 50 MeV) the upper limits at 90% confidence level are about 3 nb and about 6 nb for npi0 and ppi- channels, respectively. However, based on the recent theoretical findings of the N*(1535) momentum distribution in the N*-3He nucleus bound by 3.6 MeV, we find that the WASA-at-COSY detector acceptance decreases and hence the corresponding upper limits are 5 nb and 10 nb for npi0 and ppi- channels respectively.
Long-term safety and efficacy of osteoporosis treatment are important because of the chronic nature of the disease. We aimed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of denosumab, which is widely ...used for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
In the multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 FREEDOM trial, postmenopausal women aged 60-90 years with osteoporosis were enrolled in 214 centres in North America, Europe, Latin America, and Australasia and were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 60 mg subcutaneous denosumab or placebo every 6 months for 3 years. All participants who completed the FREEDOM trial without discontinuing treatment or missing more than one dose of investigational product were eligible to enrol in the open-label, 7-year extension, in which all participants received denosumab. The data represent up to 10 years of denosumab exposure for women who received 3 years of denosumab in FREEDOM and continued in the extension (long-term group), and up to 7 years for women who received 3 years of placebo and transitioned to denosumab in the extension (crossover group). The primary outcome was safety monitoring, comprising assessments of adverse event incidence and serious adverse event incidence, changes in safety laboratory analytes (ie, serum chemistry and haematology), and participant incidence of denosumab antibody formation. Secondary outcomes included new vertebral, hip, and non-vertebral fractures as well as bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, and one-third radius. Analyses were done according to the randomised FREEDOM treatment assignments. All participants who received at least one dose of investigational product in FREEDOM or the extension were included in the combined safety analyses. All participants who enrolled in the extension with observed data were included in the efficacy analyses. The FREEDOM trial (NCT00089791) and its extension (NCT00523341) are both registered with ClinicalTrials.gov.
Between Aug 3, 2004, and June 1, 2005, 7808 women were enrolled in the FREEDOM study. 5928 (76%) women were eligible for enrolment in the extension, and of these, 4550 (77%) were enrolled (2343 long-term, 2207 crossover) between Aug 7, 2007, and June 20, 2008. 2626 women (1343 long-term; 1283 crossover) completed the extension. The yearly exposure-adjusted participant incidence of adverse events for all individuals receiving denosumab decreased from 165·3 to 95·9 per 100 participant-years over the course of 10 years. Serious adverse event rates were generally stable over time, varying between 11·5 and 14·4 per 100 participant-years. One atypical femoral fracture occurred in each group during the extension. Seven cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw were reported in the long-term group and six cases in the crossover group. The yearly incidence of new vertebral fractures (ranging from 0·90% to 1·86%) and non-vertebral fractures (ranging from 0·84% to 2·55%) remained low during the extension, similar to rates observed in the denosumab group during the first three years of the FREEDOM study, and lower than rates projected for a virtual long-term placebo cohort. In the long-term group, BMD increased from FREEDOM baseline by 21·7% at the lumbar spine, 9·2% at total hip, 9·0% at femoral neck, and 2·7% at the one-third radius. In the crossover group, BMD increased from extension baseline by 16·5% at the lumbar spine, 7·4% at total hip, 7·1% at femoral neck, and 2·3% at one-third radius.
Denosumab treatment for up to 10 years was associated with low rates of adverse events, low fracture incidence compared with that observed during the original trial, and continued increases in BMD without plateau.
Amgen.
The determination of low-energy cross sections and branching ratios of the K\(^-\) multi-nucleon absorption processes in \(\Lambda\)p and \(\Sigma^0\)p final states performed by the AMADEUS ...collaboration is presented. Low momentum K\(^-\) (\(p_\mathrm{K} \simeq\) 127 MeV/c) produced at the DA\(\Phi\)NE collider are impinged on a Carbon target within the KLOE detector and the two and three nucleon absorption processes are disentangled by comparing the experimental data to phenomenological calculations. The \(\Lambda\)p spectra are interpreted in terms of K\(^-\) multi-nucleon absorption processes; the possible contribution of a K\(^-\)pp bound state is demonstrated to overlap with the two nucleon capture process, its absolute yield thus resulting indistinguishable.
Poems New and Collected 1957-1997 Czerwinski, E. J.
World Literature Today,
04/2000, Letnik:
74, Številka:
2
Book Review, Journal Article
Recenzirano
The poem not only illustrates Szymborska's conscious or subconscious process of composition but also points out how she differs from, for example, Emily Dickinson, with whom she is so often compared. ...It can be argued that Wislawa Szymborska is more philosophic in her art. We are aware that a persona inhabits the poem: the voice is distinctly Szymborska's. There are, of course, other subtie differences.
Various theoretical calculations based on QCD or hadronic interactions predict that in addition to the recently observed dibaryon resonance \(d^*(2380)\) with \(I(J^P) = 0(3^+)\) there should also ...exist a dibaryon resonance with mirrored quantum numbers \(I(J^P) = 3(0^+)\). We report here on a search for such a \(NN\)-decoupled state in data on the \(pp \to pp\pi^+\pi^+\pi^-\pi^-\) reaction. Since no clear-cut evidence has been found, we give upper limits for the production cross section of such a resonance in the mass range 2280 - 2500 MeV.
The excitation function for the \(pd\rightarrow\) \(d p \pi^{0}\) reaction has been measured by WASA-at-COSY experiment with the aim of searching for \(^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\)-\(\eta\) mesic ...nuclei. The measurement in the vicinity of \(\eta\) meson production was performed using a ramped proton beam. The data analysis and interpretation was carried out with the assumption that the \(\eta\)-mesic Helium decays via the formation of an intermediate N\(^{*}\)(1535) resonance. No direct signal of the \(\eta\)-mesic nucleus is observed in the excitation function. We determine a new improved upper limit for the total cross section for the bound state production and decay in the \(pd\rightarrow\) \((^{3}\hspace{-0.03cm}\mbox{He}\)-\(\eta)_{bound} \rightarrow\) \(d p \pi^{0}\) process. It varies between 13 nb to 24 nb for the bound state with width in the range \(\Gamma \in (5,50)\) MeV.
Currently inorganic scintillator detectors are used in all commercial Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomograph (TOF-PET) devices. The J-PET collaboration investigates a possibility of construction ...of a PET scanner from plastic scintillators which would allow for single bed imaging of the whole human body. This paper describes a novel method of hit-position reconstruction based on sampled signals and an example of an application of the method for a single module with a 30 cm long plastic strip, read out on both ends by Hamamatsu R4998 photomultipliers. The sampling scheme to generate a vector with samples of a PET event waveform with respect to four user-defined amplitudes is introduced. The experimental setup provides irradiation of a chosen position in the plastic scintillator strip with an annihilation gamma quanta of energy 511~keV. The statistical test for a multivariate normal (MVN) distribution of measured vectors at a given position is developed, and it is shown that signals sampled at four thresholds in a voltage domain are approximately normally distributed variables. With the presented method of a vector analysis made out of waveform samples acquired with four thresholds, we obtain a spatial resolution of about 1 cm and a timing resolution of about 80 ps
Exclusive measurements of the quasi-free \(pn \to pp\pi^-\) and \(pp \to pp\pi^0\) reactions have been performed by means of \(pd\) collisions at \(T_p\) = 1.2 GeV using the WASA detector setup at ...COSY. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained covering the energy region \(T_p = 0.95 - 1.3\) GeV (\(\sqrt s\) = 2.3 - 2.46 GeV), which includes the regions of \(\Delta(1232)\), \(N^*(1440)\) and \(d^*(2380)\) resonance excitations. From these measurements the isoscalar single-pion production has been extracted, for which data existed so far only below \(T_p\) = 1 GeV. We observe a substantial increase of this cross section above 1 GeV, which can be related to the Roper resonance \(N^*(1440)\), the strength of which shows up isolated from the \(\Delta\) resonance in the isoscalar \((N\pi)_{I=0}\) invariant-mass spectrum. No evidence for a decay of the dibaryon resonance \(d^*(2380)\) into the isoscalar \((NN\pi)_{I=0}\) channel is found. An upper limit of 90 \(\mu\)b (90 \(\%\) C.L.) corresponding to a branching ratio of 5 \(\%\) has been deduced.
