A
bstract
Three different approaches to precisely describe the Adler function in the Euclidean regime at around 2 GeVs are available: dispersion relations based on the hadronic production data in
e
+
...e
−
annihilation, lattice simulations and perturbative QCD (pQCD). We make a comprehensive study of the perturbative approach, supplemented with the leading power corrections in the operator product expansion. All known contributions are included, with a careful assessment of uncertainties. The pQCD predictions are compared with the Adler functions extracted from
Δ
α
QED
had
(
Q
2
), using both the DHMZ compilation of
e
+
e
−
data and published lattice results. Taking as input the FLAG value of
α
s
, the pQCD Adler function turns out to be in good agreement with the lattice data, while the dispersive results lie systematically below them. Finally, we explore the sensitivity to
α
s
of the direct comparison between the data-driven, lattice and QCD Euclidean Adler functions. The precision with which the renormalisation group equation can be tested is also evaluated.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane, containing nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, enzymes, and toxins. EVs participate in various bacterial physiological ...processes.
interacts and communicates with the host skin.
EVs may have an essential role in this communication mechanism, modulating the immunological environment. This work aimed to evaluate if
EVs can modulate cytokine production by keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo using the imiquimod-induced psoriasis murine model.
EVs were obtained from a commensal strain (ATC12228EVs) and a clinical isolated strain (983EVs). EVs from both origins induced IL-6 expression in HaCaT keratinocyte cultures; nevertheless, 983EVs promoted a higher expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines VEGF-A, LL37, IL-8, and IL-17F than ATCC12228EVs. Moreover, in vivo imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin treated with ATCC12228EVs reduced the characteristic psoriatic skin features, such as acanthosis and cellular infiltrate, as well as VEGF-A, IL-6, KC, IL-23, IL-17F, IL-36γ, and IL-36R expression in a more efficient manner than 983EVs; however, in contrast, Foxp3 expression did not significantly change, and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) was found to be increased. Our findings showed a distinctive immunological profile induction that is dependent on the clinical or commensal EV origin in a mice model of skin-like psoriasis. Characteristically, proteomics analysis showed differences in the EVs protein content, dependent on origin of the isolated EVs. Specifically, in ATCC12228EVs, we found the proteins glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, arginine deiminase, carbamate kinase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, phenol-soluble β1/β2 modulin, and polyglycerol phosphate α-glucosyltransferase, which could be involved in the reduction of lesions in the murine imiquimod-induced psoriasis skin. Our results show that the commensal ATCC12228EVs have a greater protective/attenuating effect on the murine imiquimod-induced psoriasis by inducing IL-36Ra expression in comparison with EVs from a clinical isolate of
.
A
bstract
Three different approaches to precisely describe the Adler function in the Euclidean regime at around 2 GeVs are available: dispersion relations based on the hadronic production data in
e
+
...e
−
annihilation, lattice simulations and perturbative QCD (pQCD). We make a comprehensive study of the perturbative approach, supplemented with the leading power corrections in the operator product expansion. All known contributions are included, with a careful assessment of uncertainties. The pQCD predictions are compared with the Adler functions extracted from
$$ \Delta {\alpha}_{\textrm{QED}}^{\textrm{had}} $$
Δ
α
QED
had
(
Q
2
), using both the DHMZ compilation of
e
+
e
−
data and published lattice results. Taking as input the FLAG value of
α
s
, the pQCD Adler function turns out to be in good agreement with the lattice data, while the dispersive results lie systematically below them. Finally, we explore the sensitivity to
α
s
of the direct comparison between the data-driven, lattice and QCD Euclidean Adler functions. The precision with which the renormalisation group equation can be tested is also evaluated.
Three different approaches to precisely describe the Adler function in the Euclidean regime at around $2\, \mathrm{GeVs}$ are available: dispersion relations based on the hadronic production data in ...$e^+e^-$ annihilation, lattice simulations and perturbative QCD (pQCD). We make a comprehensive study of the perturbative approach, supplemented with the leading power corrections in the operator product expansion. All known contributions are included, with a careful assessment of uncertainties. The pQCD predictions are compared with the Adler functions extracted from $\Delta\alpha^{\mathrm{had}}_{\mathrm{QED}}(Q^2)$, using both the DHMZ compilation of $e^+e^-$ data and published lattice results. Taking as input the FLAG value of $\alpha_s$, the pQCD Adler function turns out to be in good agreement with the lattice data, while the dispersive results lie systematically below them. Finally, we explore the sensitivity to $\alpha_s$ of the direct comparison between the data-driven, lattice and QCD Euclidean Adler functions. The precision with which the renormalisation group equation can be tested is also evaluated.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a public health problem unprecedented in the recent history of humanity. Different in-house real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis ...and the appearance of genomes with mutations in primer regions have been reported. Hence, whole-genome data from locally-circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains contribute to the knowledge of its global variability and the development and fine tuning of diagnostic protocols. To describe the genetic variability of Colombian SARS-CoV-2 genomes in hybridization regions of oligonucleotides of the main in-house methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection, RNA samples with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnosis were processed through next-generation sequencing. Primers/probes sequences from 13 target regions for SARS-CoV-2 detection suggested by 7 institutions and consolidated by WHO during the early stage of the pandemic were aligned with Muscle tool to assess the genetic variability potentially affecting their performance. Finally, the corresponding codon positions at the 3′ end of each primer, the open reading frame inspection was identified for each gene/protein product. Complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes were obtained from 30 COVID-19 cases, representative of the current epidemiology in the country. Mismatches between at least one Colombian sequence and five oligonucleotides targeting the RdRP and N genes were observed. The 3′ end of 4 primers aligned to the third codon position, showed high risk of nucleotide substitution and potential mismatches at this critical position. Genetic variability was detected in Colombian SARS-CoV-2 sequences in some of the primer/probe regions for in-house rRT-PCR diagnostic tests available at WHO COVID-19 technical guidelines; its impact on the performance and rates of false-negative results should be experimentally evaluated. The genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is highly recommended for the early identification of mutations in critical regions and to issue recommendations on specific diagnostic tests to ensure the coverage of locally-circulating genetic variants.
•Colombian SARS-CoV-2 sequences displayed genetic variability in some target regions used for COVID-19 diagnosis.•Mismatches in critical primer regions could impact their performance and the rate of false-negative results.•Genomic data of circulating SARS-CoV-2 allow the refinement of molecular protocols for COVID-19 diagnosis
SARS-CoV-2 is a new member of the genus Betacoronavirus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus crossed the species barrier and established in the human population taking advantage of the ...spike protein high affinity for the ACE receptor to infect the lower respiratory tract. The Nucleocapsid (N) and Spike (S) are highly immunogenic structural proteins and most commercial COVID-19 diagnostic assays target these proteins. In an unpredictable epidemic, it is essential to know about their genetic variability. The objective of this study was to describe the substitution frequency of the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in South America. A total of 504 amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 from seven South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, and Colombia), reported as of June 3, and corresponding to samples collected between March and April 2020, were compared through substitution matrices using the Muscle algorithm. Forty-three sequences from 13 Colombian departments were obtained in this study using the Oxford Nanopore and Illumina MiSeq technologies, following the amplicon-based ARTIC network protocol. The substitutions D614G in S and R203K/G204R in N were the most frequent in South America, observed in 83% and 34% of the sequences respectively. Strikingly, genomes with the conserved position D614 were almost completely replaced by genomes with the G614 substitution between March to April 2020. A similar replacement pattern was observed with R203K/G204R although more marked in Chile, Argentina and Brazil, suggesting similar introduction history and/or control strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in these countries.
It is necessary to continue with the genomic surveillance of S and N proteins during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as this information can be useful for developing vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostic tests.
•SARS-CoV-2 circulating in South-American have similar patterns of non-synonymous substitutions in spike and nucleocapsid•Substitutions D614G in Spike and R203K-G204R in Nucleocapsid are the most frequent in South-American countries•The identification of genetic variability of SARS-CoV-2, is useful for vaccines, diagnostic test, and therapeutic designs
Winery wastewater is a high-strength effluent, which is challenging for anaerobic treatment systems. In this study, magnetite and an organic xerogel doped with graphene oxide (OX-GO) were tested as ...booster materials (BMs) during the anaerobic treatment of winery wastewater. The enhancing effect was clearly reflected in higher methane production rates (up to 25 % increase) and greater organic matter removal (up to 18 % increase) in amended reactors, as compared to the unamended control. BMs also increased the hydrolysis of proteins coupled to biogas production. Furthermore, the organic acids-enriched composition of winery effluents allowed the production of valuable medium-chain carboxylic acids by tuning operational conditions. Finally, the relative abundance of specialized microbial populations, such as β-oxidizing/proteolytic bacteria (Syntrophomonas) and hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobacterium) increased in the anaerobic systems. Particularly, the presence of BMs promoted the enrichment of specific bacterial genera, including Rhodopseudomonas, Propionicicella, Acetobacter and Anaerolinea, as well as proteolytic genera like Proteiniborus and Proteiniphilum. Moreover, the genus Caproiciproducens exhibited significant fold-changes when OX-GO was added, which is crucial for organic acids production and chain elongation. These BMs are proposed as potential additives in anaerobic systems to boost their performance during the treatment of high-strength industrial effluents.
Display omitted
•OX-GO and magnetite enhanced the anaerobic treatment of winery effluent.•Improved performance reflected on hydrolysis, methane production and COD removal.•Optimized conditions promoted medium-chain acids production by chain elongation.•Microbial taxa were identified as key players during the treatment of winery effluent.
Immune-mediated hepatitis: Basic concepts and treatment Velarde-Ruiz Velasco, J.A.; Tapia Calderón, D.K.; Cerpa-Cruz, S. ...
Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition),
January-March 2024, 2024 Jan-Mar, 2024-01-00, 20240101, 2024-01-01, Letnik:
89, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized advanced cancer management. Nevertheless, the generalized use of these medications has led to an increase in the incidence of ...adverse immune-mediated events and the liver is one of the most frequently affected organs.
Liver involvement associated with the administration of immunotherapy is known as immune-mediated hepatitis (IMH), whose incidence and clinical characteristics have been described by different authors. It often presents as mild elevations of amino transferase levels, seen in routine blood tests, that spontaneously return to normal, but it can also manifest as severe transaminitis, possibly leading to the permanent discontinuation of treatment.
The aim of the following review was to describe the most up-to-date concepts regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, risk factors, and progression of IMH, as well as its incidence in different types of common cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment recommendations according to the most current guidelines are also provided.
La inmunoterapia con inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario (ICP) ha revolucionado el manejo del cáncer avanzado, sin embargo, el uso generalizado de estos medicamentos ha llevado al aumento en la incidencia de eventos adversos inmunomediados, siendo el hígado uno de los órganos más frecuentemente afectados.
La afectación hepática asociada con la administración de inmunoterapia se denomina hepatitis inmunomediada (HIM), cuya incidencia y características clínicas han sido descritas por distintos autores, frecuentemente se manifiesta como elevaciones leves en las aminotransferasas evidenciadas en la analítica de rutina que regresan a la normalidad de forma espontánea, aunque puede tratarse de una transaminasemia grave que lleve a la suspensión definitiva del tratamiento.
El objetivo de la siguiente revisión fue describir los conceptos más actuales sobre la epidemiología, diagnóstico, factores de riesgo y evolución de la HIM, así como la incidencia de ésta en los diferentes tipos de cáncer más frecuentes incluyendo el carcinoma hepatocelular y algunas recomendaciones respecto al tratamiento de acuerdo con las guías más actuales.
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la influencia que ejercen los estilos de crianza en la depresión de adolescentes escolarizados peruanos. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de ...308 estudiantes de nivel secundario, entre varones (47.1 %) y mujeres (52.9 %), que tuvieron una edad promedio de 14.5 años (DE = 2.218). Tiene un diseño no experimental, empírico de estrategia asociativa, clasificado dentro de un estudio explicativo. Para medir las variables de estudio elegidas se utilizó la Escala Estilos de Crianza Familiar (ECF29) y el Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), ambos con evidencias sólidas de validez y confiabilidad. Los resultados hallados mediante el análisis del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales evidenciaron que el 42 % (r2=.42) explica la varianza de la depresión y el 65 % (r2=.65) explica la varianza de los estilos de crianza. Además, el mejor predictor de la depresión es el estilo sobreprotector (β=.43), seguido del estilo autoritario (β=.18) e indulgente (β=.17); a diferencia del estilo democrático, el cual no explica de manera relevante la depresión en los adolescentes (β= - .09). Se concluye que la depresión se explica con mayor intensidad por las características comunes del estilo de crianza sobreprotector, mientras que el estilo de crianza democrático no lo hace de forma significativa.
PDF
