Despite world-level efforts and the endeavors of scientists and medical professionals in suppressing the COVID-19 pandemic, inadequate levels of vaccine literacy of the general population can ...represent a grave obstacle. The aim of this study was to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine literacy in the Croatian adult general population before vaccination began. The specific objectives were to test differences regarding socio-demographic characteristics and to examine perceptions and attitudes about vaccination against COVID-19 considering the level of VL against COVID-19. A cross-sectional study with a translated and psychometrically tested questionnaire was conducted in 1227 participants before the start of vaccination, from 15 to 31 January 2021. The results show a medium level of vaccine literacy (M = 2.37, SD = 0.54) and a significant difference between functional and interactive-critical vaccine literacy (
< 0.001). The level of vaccine literacy grew with the level of education (
= 0.031) and reduced with age (
< 0.001). Participants who were employed, had chronic diseases, took medicine, or consumed alcohol daily had a lower level of vaccine literacy. There is room for progress in the COVID-19 VL level for the adult population in Croatia, especially at the interactive-critical VL, which could have an important role in people accepting the vaccine against the COVID-19 disease. A satisfactory level of vaccine literacy in the population is necessary because it can contribute to the fight against the pandemic.
Objective: To examine how Bachelor of Science nursing students evaluate the quality of mentoring support during clinical training using three different types of mentoring approaches.
Background: The ...mentoring approach and the mentor-student relationship are important factors that determine nursing students' satisfaction with their clinical experience. However, there are significant differences in the approaches to mentoring in nursing, and there is no global consensus around a universal form of mentorship.
Study design and methods: The participants were first-year Bachelor of Science students (n = 86) divided into three groups exposed to three different mentoring approaches: Group 1 = dual (two mentors/ group of students); Group 2 = individual (one mentor/ one student); Group 3 = group (one mentor/group of students). The validated Mentor Support Evaluation Questionnaire (MSEQ) was used to assess the quality of mentoring support.
Results: Students from Group 2 reported a significantly higher level of mentoring support quality (P < 0.01; M = 4.8; SD = 0.32) in comparison to students from Group 1 (M = 4.1; SD = 0.66) and students from Group 3 (M = 3.32; SD = 1.71).
Discussion: Nursing students exposed to different mentoring approaches vary in their reported quality of mentoring support. The highest quality of mentoring support was reported by students in the individual approach, and the lowest quality of mentoring support was reported by students mentored in a group of four to six students by a single mentor. In the individual approach, the students highlighted the continuous availability of the mentor, recognition of personal study needs, respect, safety, appreciation, and patience.
Conclusion: The approach to mentoring is an important factor that affects students' satisfaction with their clinical experience, and in return it influences achievement of final learning outcomes and professional development of students.
Implications for research, policy, and practice: The results of this study emphasize the importance individualizing the mentorship process in order to increase students' satisfaction and lead to more successful acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. These results also indicate the need to continuously monitor student evaluations of the quality of mentoring support and their overall satisfaction with the mentoring approach during clinical training. A future qualitative, longitudinal, mixed-methods study is recommended in order to investigate and describe the specific and (in)direct causes of student (dis)satisfaction in the mentor- student relationship.
What is already known about the topic? There are different types of mentor approaches in nursing education. Comparisons of students' perceptions of mentor-student relationships in different mentoring approaches, such as individual, dual, or group mentoring, represent an under-researched area.
What this paper adds: Findings from this study provide evidence to better understanding the specific advantages and disadvantages of mentor- student relationships in individual, dual, and group approaches from the students' point of view.
Emotion can reflect in the perception of food consumption. An increase in food intake during emotional and psychological conditions may have a negative impact on human health. The aim of this ...cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between food consumption, emotional eating behavior, and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, boredom eating, maintaining vigilance and alertness, and emotional food consolation. We used a Motivations for Food Choices Questionnaire (Eating Motivations, EATMOT) to determine the emotional aspects of food consumption in 9052 respondents living in 12 European countries between October 2017 and March 2018. Ordinal linear regression was used to identify the associations between the emotional eating behavior and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, emotional consolation, and reasons to improve physical and psychological conditions. The regression models confirmed the associations between food consumption, emotional conditions, and emotional eating behavior. Associations were found between the emotional eating behavior and stress (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.60,
= 0.010), depressive mood (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.40-1.43,
< 0.001), loneliness (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.58-1.62,
< 0.001), boredom (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.36-1.39,
< 0.001), and emotional consolation (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.54-1.57,
< 0.001). Emotional eating was associated with an effort to improve physical and psychological conditions, such as controlling body weight (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.10-1.12,
< 0.001), keeping awake and alert (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.19-1.20,
< 0.001) and consumption to feel good (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.21-1.22,
< 0.001). In conclusion, emotions might provoke emotional eating behavior. The appropriate way to handle stress, depression, or other emotional states is important in conditions of being emotionally overwhelmed. The public should be educated on how to handle different emotional states. The focus should be moved somehow from emotional eating and the consumption of unhealthy food to healthy lifestyle practices, including regular exercise and healthy eating habits. Thus, it is necessary to halt these negative health effects on human health through public health programs.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between health dietary patterns, knowledge, and consumption of dietary fiber (DF) with frequency of food label reading on food ...products with special reference to DF. The study was conducted in 2536 Croatian adults using an original questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations between food label reading habits and predictor variables. Our study confirms the association between habits regarding the reading of labels on food products, especially in relation to information about DF with the sociodemographic factors of respondents, dietary food patterns and DF consumption, as well as knowledge and sources of information about DF. Women, individuals with a university-level education, and those living in an urban environment had more frequent labels used. Food habits as well as eating outside of the home were positive predictors while eating fast food was a negative predictor of food label reading. Knowledge about DF, especially about its health benefits, was also associated with food label reading. The interpretation of associations could help with the design of effective public health programs. Targeted education campaigns to educate and sensitize the population about food labeling and monitoring may improve general knowledge about healthy food and its benefits, which include indirect effects on the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases.
Gas gangrene is infectious disease caused by Clostridium perfringens infection.
We are presenting extremely rare case of gluteal clostridial myonecrosis after intramuscular injection of diclofenac in ...immunocompromised young patient on a long-standing corticosteroid therapy presented with sepsis and initially absent clinical signs of severe anaerobic infection. After delayed diagnosis, she was treated with aggressive surgical removal of necrosed tissue and targeted antibiotic therapy which led to a rapid improvement allowing application of a negative-pressure wound therapy device with favorable outcome.
This report shows the importance of timely diagnosis with pitfalls of imaging. It confirms that surgical debridement along with specific antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment, but also promotes negative-pressure wound therapy which has proved convenient for accelerated closure of large incisions with tissue loss without any adverse effects or the need for complex reconstructive procedures.
Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is usually a mild endemic rickettsial disease occurring in southern Croatia. We have reported the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of an acute MSF case ...associated with severe respiratory distress syndrome and hemodynamical instability. The patient recovered completely after antimicrobial treatment. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (FOCUS Diagnostics Inc.) was performed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies to Rickettsia conorii. A significant increase of both IgM and IgG antibody titres found in paired acute- and convalescent-phase serum confirmed the diagnosis of acute MSF.
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis secondary to a nontraumatic retropharyngeal abscess is very rare. This form of mediastinitis in the era of potent antibiotics often ends up with lethal outcome. ...It usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and requires intensive multidisciplinary treatment approach. We report a case of nontraumatic retropharyngeal abscess complicated by descending necrotizing mediastinitis in a 70-year-old man with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The patient was admitted to our hospital after clinical and radiological diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. During treatment for retropharyngeal abscess with antibiotic therapy and transoral incision, the patient showed mild clinical improvement but his condition suddenly aggravated on day 4 of hospital stay. He had high fever, chest pain with tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, and showed signs of occasional disorientation. Emergency computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck and thorax showed inflammation in the retropharyngeal space, as well as thickening of the upper posterior mediastinum fascia with the presence of air. Emergency surgery including cervicotomy and drainage of the retropharyngeal space and posterior mediastinum was performed. The patient promptly recovered with improvement of the clinical status and laboratory findings. After 16 days of treatment he was discharged from the hospital in good condition. Descending necrotizing mediastinitis can be a serious and life threatening complication of deep neck infection if the diagnosis is not quickly established. Besides inevitable application of antimicrobial drugs, good drainage of the mediastinum is necessary. We believe that transcervical approach can achieve high-quality drainage of the upper mediastinum, especially if it is done timely as in this case. Its efficacy can be verified by intensive monitoring of the patient clinical condition, by CT scan of the thorax, and by laboratory tests. In the case of inefficacy of this type of drainage, subsequently some other, more aggressive transthoracic methods of drainage can be done.
U radu je prikazan Statut „Ustanove domoljubne zadruge dalmatinske od Gospodja, na potporu ranjenim i bolesnim vojnicima“. Statut je napisan dvojezično, na hrvatskom i talijanskome jeziku. Sadržaj ...prvih sedam, od ukupno 20 članaka, odnosi se na cilj, načela djelovanja, financiranje, ustanovljenje i registraciju društva. Ostali članci Statuta odnosili su se na uvjete ostanka i ispisa članova iz Zadruge, izbor tijela Zadruge, trajanja mandata izabranih članova, državljanstvo članova Odbora, način glasovanja i donošenje odluka, uvjete za sazivanje i održavanje skupštine i izbor njezinih članova, kao i članova Predsjedništva i Opće skupštine, te odnos Zadruge prema javnosti, odnos među članovima Zadruge i način raspuštanja Zadruge. Iz sadržaja prezentiranog izvornog Statuta, očituje se povezanost Udruge s načelima rada institucije Crvenoga križa. Na prostoru današnje Republike Hrvatske 1878. godine nije bilo sličnoga registriranog društva, te se zadarsko društvo iz te godine opravdano smatra prvim društvom Crvenoga križa na području današnje Republike Hrvatske.
The paper discusses the Statute of the "Institution of the Dalmatian Patriotic Association of Ladies, inSupport of Wounded and Sick Soldiers". The statute was written in two languages – Croatian and Italian.The content of the first seven out of a total of 20 articles relates to the aim, activity principles, financing,establishment, and registration of the Association. Other articles of the Statute focus on the conditions underwhich the members of the Association can retain and terminate their membership, on the election of thegoverning bodies, the duration of the mandate of elected members, the citizenship of the Board members,the voting methods and decision-making, the procedures for convening of the assembly and election of itsmembers, as well as the members of the Presidency and General Assembly, the relation between theAssociation and the public, relations among the Association members, and the provisions for dissolution ofthe Association.The content of the original Statute reveals the links between the Association and the principles of theRed Cross Society. Since there was no similar registered society in 1878, so it is justified to claim that thisAssociation was the first Red Cross Society on the territory of present-day Croatia.
To determine risk factors for non-use of condoms when engaging in sexual intercourse among high-risk population groups for acquiring HIV/STIs. We collected the data obtained by interviews in the ...period from 2005 to 2011 in the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center for HIV/AIDS at the Institute of Public Health of Zadar County. Four hundred ninety four respondents were divided into risk and control groups. The majority of the respondents in our population does not consistently use condoms, in the risk group as much as 89.9%, and in the control group 65.7% of them (p< 0.001). Persons consuming alcohol when having sexual relations use condoms about 5x less often compared to those not consuming alcohol at all (OR=5.00; CI=1.69-14.29). There are significant differences among women and men in the risk group regarding reasons for non-use of condoms. The main reason with women is "I trust mypartners" 33.7% while men "do not like having sex with condoms, 53.6% of them (p < 0.001). The main risk factors for non-use of condoms are alcohol consumption at sexual relations, non-use of condoms in a casual relationship. Having in mind the non-use of condoms among populations of high-risk groups of acquiring HIV there are significant differences among genders.
Corona virus (virus SARS-CoV-2) je novi soj virusa koji je uzrokovao Covid-19 pandemiju. Širenje bolesti u Europi prvenstveno je uzrokovano kapljičnim prijenosom s čovjeka na čovjeka. Osim prijenosa ...s bolesnih ljudi, virus se prenosi i s asimptomatskih bolesnika. Razdoblje inkubacije iznosi do 14 dana nakon izlaganja uzročniku, s prosječnom inkubacijom od četiri do pet dana.
Oboljeli su najčešće u petom desetljeću života. Najčešći simptomi bolesti su povišena temperatura, slabost i suhi kašalj. Više od 90% bolesnika hospitalizira se radi pneumonije. Od laboratorijskih nalaza kod oboljelih najčešća je limfocitopenija, trombocitopenija, leukopenija, te povišene vrijednosti C – reaktivnog proteina. Visoki rizik od teškog oblika bolesti i smrtnog ishoda imaju stariji bolesnici, te bolesnici s komorbiditetnim bolestima, kao što su kardiovaskularne bolesti, kronična plućna bolest, dijabetes, oboljeli od zloćudnih bolesti, te bolesnici s povišenim krvnim tlakom. Po dosadašnjim podacima liječenja oboljelih u Kini, oko 5% bolesnika liječeno je u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja. U Italiji je taj broj znatno viši i iznosi oko 16%. Broj umrlih bolesnika u Kini kreće se od 2-3%, dok je trenutna smrtnost u Italiji iznad 8%.
Osobnu zaštitu zdravstvenih djelatnika u radu s oboljelima čine: pregača, gumene rukavice, naočale, zaštitna maska, te zaštitno odijelo. Tijekom zahvata pri kojima se stvara aerosol, poput ručne ventilacije bolesnika, trahealne intubacije, traheotomije, te tijekom kardiopulmonalne reanimacije, fiberskopije i bronhoskopije, za zaštitu medicinskog osoblja, potrebno je koristiti zaštitne maske N95, FFP3 i P100. S obzirom na to da je SARS-CoV-2 virus stabilan i virulentan na plastičnim površinama tijekom 72 sata, a na metalnima tijekom 48 sati, potrebna je redovita dezinfekcija ovakvih površina otopinom klora u koncentraciji od 1000 mg/L.
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