The objective was to investigate the effects of increasing levels of extruded urea (EU) in the supplementation of lambs grazing. Crossbred Texel lambs (n = 45) were used and kept in continuous ...grazing in paddocks with Brachiaria spp. The design used was completely randomised, with five of EU replacing soybean meal (0; 6; 12; 18 and 24 g/kg) and two sexes (male and female). The animals were slaughtered, and qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the carcass, non-carcass components, meat quality and chemical composition were carried out. There was an interaction between level*sex for ether extract (EE) and crude protein (CP), so than the meat of the females from the treatment without EU had a higher content of EE than that used EU and the meat of the males from the treatments with 12 g and 24 g 100 kg
−1
LW higher levels of CP than other treatments. For all measurements performed up to 18 g 100 kg
−1
LW of EU replacing bran and soy, the results were promising, and can be fed to finishing lambs under grazing, without negatively influencing most of the carcass characteristics, components non-carcass, meat quality and chemical composition.
The aim was to report cases and risk factors for hepatogenous photosensitization in lambs kept on Brachiaria spp. pastures and supplemented with levels of extruded urea (EU). The herd consisted of 69 ...Texel crossbred lambs with known parentage (fathers and mothers adapted to the consumption of forage of the genus Brachiaria), randomly divided into 5 groups and distributed in individual paddocks for each group. The animals were supplemented with increasing levels of EU (Amireia® 200S): 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 g of EU per 100 kg−1 of body weight (BW). The concentration of protodioscin was estimated in the mixed pastures of Brachiaria spp. (cv. Marandu and cv. Basilisk), structural components (leaf, stem, and dead material), samples of each cultivar, and in the months of December (2018), February, and April (2019). The animals were examined daily, and when behavioral changes were identified, they underwent clinical examinations and anamnesis. Weighing was performed every 14 days, followed by necropsy and serum biochemical analysis, including gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The highest concentrations of protodioscin (p < 0.0001) were found in the pastures used by animals supplemented without extruded urea (7.07 ± 0.56), in the Basilisk cultivar (11.35 ± 0.06), in the leaf blade components (2.08 ± 0.05), and thatch (2.20 ± 0.00), and in the month of April (7.34 ± 0.29) (the month with the lowest rainfall), respectively. Fourteen (20.29%) cases of photosensitization were observed in lambs, of which six recovered, and eight died. Serum GGT levels ranged from 42.2 to 225 IU/L; however, in animals that died, values ranged from 209.4 to 225 IU/L. The use of levels 12 g and 18 g per 100 kg−1 of body weight of extruded urea may contribute to the lower occurrence of photosensitization, as the animals selected pastures with lower protodioscin content, presenting a smaller number of cases.
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•Cultivar Basilisk exhibited a higher concentration of protodioscin compared to cultivar Marandu.•The concentration of protodioscin is different in the morphological components in forage plants.•The photosensitization morbidity rate was 20.29% and the mortality rate was 57.14% in affected animals.•Supplementation with extruded urea may aid in resilience to photosensitization.•Phenotypic performance traits are recommended tools for identifying affected animals.
Despite the important role played by nitric oxide (NO) in plants subjected to abiotic stress, NO donors application to induce drought tolerance in neotropical tree seedlings has not yet been tested. ...It is also worth investigating whether NO bioactivity in drought-stressed seedlings could be potentiated by NO donors nanoencapsulation. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) containing S-nitroso-mercaptosuccinic acid (S-nitroso-MSA) on drought-stressed seedlings of neotropical tree species Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth in comparison to free NO donor and NPs loaded with non-nitrosated MSA. Nanoencapsulation slowed down NO release from S-nitroso-MSA, and nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA yielded 2- and 1.6-fold higher S-nitrosothiol levels in H. popayanensis roots and leaves, respectively, than the free NO donor. S-nitroso-MSA has prevented drought-induced CO2 assimilation inhibition, regardless of nanoencapsulation, but the nanoencapsulated NO donor has induced earlier ameliorative effect. Both NO and MSA have decreased oxidative stress in H. popayanensis roots, but this effect was not associated with antioxidant enzyme induction, with higher seedling biomass, or with proline and glycine betaine accumulation. Nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA was the only formulation capable of increasing leaf relative water content in drought-stressed plants (from 32.3% to 60.5%). In addition, it induced root hair formation (increase by 36.6% in comparison to well-hydrated plants). Overall, results have evidenced that nanoencapsulation was capable of improving the protective effect of S-nitroso-MSA on H. popayanensis seedlings subjected to drought stress, a fact that highlighted the potential application of NO-releasing NPs to obtain drought-tolerant tree seedlings for reforestation programs.
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•S-nitroso-MSA protected neotropical tree seedlings from drought stress.•S-nitroso-MSA nanoencapsulation improved NO availability to drought-stressed plants.•Nanoencapsulation boosted NO-induced improvement of photosynthesis.•Only the nanoencapsulated NO donor avoided leaf water content decrease.•The nanoencapsulated NO donor has induced unique changes in root morphology.
Obesity is a disease characterized by the exacerbated increase of adipose tissue. A possible way to decrease the harmful effects of excessive adipose tissue is to increase the thermogenesis process, ...to the greater energy expenditure generated by the increase in heat in the body. In adipose tissue, the thermogenesis process is the result of an increase in mitochondrial work, having as substrate H
ions, and which is related to the increased activity of UCP1. Evidence shows that stress is responsible for increasing the greater induction of UCP1 expression via β-adrenergic receptors. It is known that physical exercise is an important implement for sympathetic stimulation promoting communication between norepinephrine/epinephrine with membrane receptors. Thus, the present study investigates the influence of short-term strength training (STST) on fatty acid composition, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and browning processes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) of obese mice. For this, Swiss mice were divided into three groups: lean control, obesity sedentary, and obese strength training (OBexT). Obese animals were fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks. Trained obese animals were submitted to 7 days of strength exercise. It was demonstrated that STST sessions were able to reduce fasting glycemia. In the sWAT, the STST was able to decrease the levels of the long-chain fatty acids profile, saturated fatty acid, and palmitic fatty acid (C16:0). Moreover, it was showed that STST did not increase protein levels responsible for lipolysis, the ATGL, ABHD5, pPLIN1, and pHSL. On the other hand, the exercise protocol decreased the expression of the lipogenic enzyme SCD1. Finally, our study demonstrated that the STST increased browning process-related genes such as PGC-1α, PRDM16, and UCP1 in the sWAT. Interestingly, all these biomolecular mechanisms have been observed independently of changes in body weight. Therefore, it is concluded that short-term strength exercise can be an effective strategy to initiate morphological changes in sWAT.
The second phase of the LHC, the High-Luminosity LHC, is scheduled to start in 2029, after a shutdown during which the beam intensity and focusing will be significantly upgraded. For this HL-LHC era, ...also the CMS detector will receive an extensive upgrade, primarily to maintain its physics performance at increasing pileup. The Phase-2 CMS Level-1 trigger rate will increase to 750 kHz, for an estimated data rate in excess of 50 Tbit/s. The Phase-2 CMS off-detector electronics will be based on the ATCA standard, with back-end boards receiving the detector data from the on-detector front-ends via custom, radiation-tolerant, optical links. The CMS Phase-2 data acquisition design tightens the integration between trigger control and data flow, extending the synchronous regime of the DAQ system. At the core of the design is the DAQ and Timing Hub, a custom ATCA hub card forming the bridge between the different, detector-specific, control and readout electronics and the common timing, trigger, and control systems. The overall synchronisation and data flow of the experiment is handled by the Trigger and Timing Control and Distribution System. For increased flexibility during commissioning and calibration runs, the design of the Phase-2 trigger and timing distribution system breaks with the traditional distribution tree, in favour of a configurable network connecting multiple independent control units to all off-detector endpoints. In order to reduce the number of custom hardware designs required, the DAQ hardware is designed such that it can also be used to implement the Trigger and Timing Control and Distribution System.
Geosites in syn- and post-collisional granitoid rocks of the Rio Doce Magmatic Arc are important markers of the tectonic environments associated with the amalgamation of the western portion of ...Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic. Another aspect that stands out in these geosites is the relief that resulted from the breakup of Pangea with the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and the action of the climate propitiating the alteration of the rocks and the soil erosion during the Cenozoic, leaving a landscape full of inselbergs that allow us to reach minerals, rocks, and structures that were formed between 630 and 480 Ma. The morphology of syn-collisional granitoid geosites is controlled by NNW-SSE fractures of Colatina lineament, and secondarily, by a shear fracture pair of WNW-ESE and WSW-ENE directions. In post-collisional granitoid geosites, the main control is the shape of the intrusion, and secondarily, a pair of shear fractures of WNW-ESE and WSW-ENE directions. The State of Espírito Santo has a strong connection between rural communities and cities with the local geology. Several initiatives to preserve this landscape can be noticed in the different tourist areas, such as the Pontões Capixabas Natural Monument and Pedra Azul State Park. Espírito Santo is a good example of geoconservation in Brazil, but at the same time, it needs to be aware of its geotourism potential, which can contribute to the local rural communities. For this, actions are needed to spread geological knowledge in schools, by training guides and taking this information to rural communities through new routes and using existing routes combined with geological knowledge, geodiversity, and cultural manifestations of the region.
In the southernmost São Francisco Craton, the well-exposed Archean to Paleoproterozoic basement shows kimberlite bodies that represent the last southeastern clusters associated with the Azimuth 125° ...structure. The absence of Mesozoic to Cenozoic overlying cover rocks in the region allows in-depth aeromagnetic geophysical interpretation of the structural controls responsible for the emplacement of kimberlites. The main controlling structures are depicted by the crosscut NW-SE dyke swarms of Paraopeba, Pará de Minas, and Transminas with the E-W lineaments, characterized by quartz veins and hydrothermalites in the area. The Junco kimberlite intrusion occurs in the region, and reproduces some regional controls at a local scale: the ascent mechanism along a mafic dyke (Pará de Minas swarm) and the placement in the intersection of the mafic dyke with E-W structures. Geological mapping confirmed the remote interpretation and defined the intrusion as oval-shaped, with the magnetic model indicating a bulky diatreme body up to 500 m depth. The goal of this research is to show the importance of the regional controls, their relation to the Junco intrusion, and combine aerogeophysical analysis, geological mapping, mineral chemistry, and lithosphere information to unravel potentially linking processes operating at variable scales. In this context, regolith material overlying the intrusion was sampled, and the indicator minerals pyrope garnet, clinopyroxene, ilmenite, and chromite were selected and analyzed for mineral compositions using electron probe microanalysis. Pyrope garnet and chromite do not show a relation to diamond's potential fields. Ilmenite analyzes indicate relatively high level of oxidation, a characteristic that differentiates the Junco diatreme from kimberlites occurring in the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province within the southern Brasília Fold Belt. Single-clinopyroxene thermobarometry calculations provided pressure-temperature array values ranging from 745 °C to 832 °C and 31.3 kbar to 38.9 kbar, respectively. A geotherm model was fitted resulting in an estimated surface heat flow of 49.0 mW/m2 and a lithospheric thickness of 202 km. The average equilibration depth of the clinopyroxene at 99.6 km points to pressure-temperature conditions consistent with the stability field of graphite.
•Regional magnetic structures control kimberlites ascent at Divinópolis Kimberlitic Field (DKF).•Junco kimberlite of DKF intruded intersection of NW-SE Pará de Minas and Transminas dyke swarms and E-W structures.•Pyrope, ilmenite, and chromite of Junco diatreme characterize xenoliths and deep mantle sources.•Geotherm model estimated equilibration of clinopyroxene at 99.6 km within graphite field.
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) encompass a wide variety of substances capable of interfering with the endocrine system, including but not limited to bisphenol A, organochlorines, ...polybrominated flame retardants, alkylphenols and phthalates. These compounds are widely produced and used in everyday modern life and have increasingly been detected in aquatic matrices worldwide. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a literature review to assess the evolution of EDCs detected in different matrices in the last thirty years. A bibliometric analysis was conducted at the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Data were evaluated using the Vosviewer 1.6.17 software. A total of 3951 articles in English were retrieved following filtering. The results demonstrate a gradual and significant growth in the number of published documents, strongly associated with the increasing knowledge on the real environmental impacts of these compounds. Studied were mostly conducted by developed countries in the first two decades, 1993 to 2012, but in the last decade (2013 to 2022), an exponential leap in the number of publications by countries such as China and an advance in research by developing countries, such as Brazil, was verified.
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•Scaled-up electroflotation reactor was employed to treat pyrolytic wastewater.•Removal performance increased at higher applied current density and solution flow.•Complete color ...abatement was attained after treatment.•Phenolic compounds were completely degraded.•Partial mineralization of organic load was achieved.
Wastewater produced during biomass revalorization contains high organic load. Organic compounds generated during pyrolysis of biomass are hardly removed by conventional treatments. If sustainable treatment of these effluents can be enforced, biomass revalorization would be an excellent sustainable approach for energy production. This work explores the competitiveness of electroflotation as emerging electrochemically-driven separation technology using a scaled-up continuous-flow electroflotation reactor (CFER). Electrogeneration of gas bubbles drives the separation of hydrophobic organic compounds from aqueous solution. Experimental designed was employed to optimize the operational variables (i.e., applied current density and sodium chloride concentration) at different flow rates. Under conditions of 3.5 mA cm−2, 2.0 g L-1 of NaCl, and flowrate of 100 L h−1, complete decolorization of effluent was obtained with a total organic abatement of 55%. Chromatographic analyses demonstrated complete removal of phenolic compounds. These results identify electroflotation as suitable and promising pre-treatment to decrease the high-organic loads of pyrolytic wastewater.
Obesity is a chronic, non-transmissible and multifactorial disease commonly associated with systemic inflammation and damage to health. This disorder has been pointed out as leading to the ...development of a diversity of eye diseases and, consequently, damage to visual acuity. More specifically, cardiometabolic risk is associated with lacrimal gland dysfunctions, since it changes the inflammatory profile favoring the development and worsening of dry eye disease. In more severe and extreme cases, obesity, inflammation, and diabetes
mellitus
type 2 can trigger the total loss of vision. In this scenario, besides its numerous metabolic functions, clusterin, an apolipoprotein, has been described as protective to the ocular surface through the seal mechanism. Thus, the current review aimed to explain the role of clusterin in dry eye disease that can be triggered by obesity and diabetes.
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