One of the most critical challenges in preventive planning and disaster management is the multitudinous uncertainties involved in decision-making. Previous studies showed the usefulness of ...intuitionistic fuzzy sets for considering uncertainties in decision-making process. Hence, the current study aims to present a combined model using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Risk Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (IF-RFMEA) to determine and prioritize the critical risks of temporary accommodation sites after destructive earthquakes in Iran and bridge the existing research gaps in the literature. To this end, 49 common temporary accommodation risks after earthquakes were identified via a desktop literature survey. Then, the fuzzy Delphi technique was applied to determine the top 20 critical risks with the highest priorities according to experts for evaluation using the proposed method. The Delphi panel members included 18 experts based in Iran with relevant hands-on experience in crisis management and risk management. Finally, 20 identified critical risks were evaluated using three criteria of the probability of occurrence, level of effect, and detection value using the IF-RFMEA technique. According to the analytical results, infectious disease challenges, mental and psychological disorders among survivors, and unemployment and closing of businesses, were the most critical risks after earthquakes in the region. The proposed method of analysis can diminish uncertainties and adopt the main criteria of the probability of occurrence, level of effect, and detection value to improve risk assessment results and analysis in relation to the critical risks of temporary accommodation sites after destructive earthquakes.
•A combined model using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Risk Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (IF-RFMEA) was presented.•The critical risks of temporary accommodation sites after destructive earthquakes in Iran were identified and prioritized.•The strategic blueprints and recommendations for metropolitan managers and stakeholders were provided.
Background:
The process of temporary accommodation after an earthquake is one of the most important issues in crisis management.
Objective:
This research study attempts to identify and prioritize the ...key risks inherent with the post-earthquake temporary accommodation process in Sanandaj, Iran using the Fuzzy Delphi method.
Methods:
To achieve this goal, first, we examined the previous research on the issue of temporary accommodation after earthquakes and other disasters worldwide in order to determine the current important challenges. Then, the opinions of crisis management experts in 11 areas and 94 questions in the form of Fuzzy Delphi survey questionnaire with Five-point Likert measurement scale were used to rank these challenges. The Delphi panel participants, who responded to the Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, consisted of 18 experts related to crisis management in executive organizations of Kurdistan province.
Result:
After performing the steps of the fuzzy Delphi method, a basket of important risks in the temporary accommodation process were identified qualitatively and quantitatively, and were prioritized in order of relevance and significance. The results showed that climatic challenges have the highest potential of post-earthquake temporary accommodation risk in the region among of the 11 major risk areas under examination.
Conclusion:
The study’s findings and recommendations can serve as a policy instrument and consultative toolkit for relevant stakeholders.
The combination of isatin or acenaphthoquinone, an activated methylene reagent, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of catalytic ammonium chloride was found to be a suitable and efficient ...method for the synthesis of the biologically important spirooxindoles.
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Brönsted acidic ionic liquid, 1-methylimidazolium triflouroacetate (HmimTFA) catalyzed synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridines in excellent yields and short period ...of times at 80
°C. Anions effects of the ionic liquid on the reaction rate have been investigated. The ionic liquid was easily separated from the reaction mixture by water extraction and was recycled four times without any loss in activity.
Unsymmetrically 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were efficiently synthesized from the cyclization–oxidation reaction of acyl hydrazones. Also, the synthesis of the title compounds was achieved by ...the condensation of acyl hydrazides and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate in dichloromethane.
Increasing the physical activity and sport participation rates of people with disabilities has been one of the most important targets of sport policy both at national and international levels. The ...purpose of the current investigation was to assess participation in sports or physical activities among Iranian veterans with extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Data were obtained from health needs assessment studies conducted among Iranian veterans with musculoskeletal disorders in a 12-year period between 2005 and 2017. The collected Information on sport or physical activity participation was analyzed using χ2 test, independent t-test, partial correlation coefficient and binary logistic regression (p < 0.05). Studies on 2644 veterans with extremity musculoskeletal disorders indicated that 37.6% (n = 994) of them participated in at least one type of sport or physical activity. The highest percentage of sport participation was 65% in bilateral upper limb amputees. Results from logistic regression analysis indicated that the chance of sport participation decreased with ageing while it increased with "Disability Percentage" assigned by the medical commission of the Veterans and Martyrs Affairs Foundation which is responsible for determining the disability rate of the veterans in Iran. It was observed that veterans with a higher "Disability Percentage" had a higher duration and frequency of sport or physical activity participation. The most popular sports among the subjects were track and field (20.1%, n = 192) and swimming (15.6%, n = 149). Generally, more than a third of the subjects participated in sports or physical activities in total and sport or physical activity participation was greater in the high-level lower extremity amputation group.
Silica sulfuric acid as a heterogeneous reagent catalysed eco-friendly and efficient synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolinones by the reaction of isatoic anhydride, a primary amine or ammonium acetate ...and an aromatic aldehyde in water or under solvent-free conditions. The solid acidic catalyst could be recycled and reused.
Alkyl- or aryl-14H-dibenzoa,jxanthene derivatives are synthesized efficiently by the reaction of beta-naphthol and aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of KAl(SO4)2 x 12 H2O (alum) under ...aqueous condition at 100 degrees C. Different types of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes are used in the reaction and in all cases the products synthesized successfully. Several solvents were examined for this reaction; however, in terms of reaction yield and time, water was found to be the optimum solvent.
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