Based on a sample of 300 million KS mesons produced in ϕ→KLKS decays recorded by the KLOE experiment at the DAΦNE e+e− collider we have measured the branching fraction for the decay KS→πμν. The KS ...mesons are identified by the interaction of KL mesons in the detector. The KS→πμν decays are selected by a boosted decision tree built with kinematic variables and by a time-of-flight measurement. Signal efficiencies are evaluated with data control samples of KL→πμν decays. A fit to the reconstructed muon mass distribution finds 7223±180 signal events. Normalising to the KS→π+π− decay events the result for the branching fraction is B(KS→πμν)=(4.56±0.11stat±0.17syst)×10−4. It is the first measurement of this decay mode and the result allows an independent determination of |Vus| and a test of the lepton-flavour universality.
A
bstract
The ratio
R
= Γ(
K
S
→ πeν
)
/
Γ(
K
S
→ π
+
π
−
) has been measured with a sample of 300 million
K
S
mesons produced in
ϕ → K
L
K
S
decays recorded by the KLOE experiment at the DAΦNE
e
+
e
...−
collider.
K
S
→ πeν
events are selected by a boosted decision tree built with kinematic variables and time-of-flight measurements. Data control samples of
K
L
→ πeν
decays are used to evaluate signal selection efficiencies. With 49647
±
316 signal events we measure
R
= (1
.
0421
±
0
.
0066
stat
±
0
.
0075
syst
)
×
10
−
3
. The combination with our previous measurement gives
R
= (1
.
0338
±
0
.
0054
stat
±
0
.
0064
syst
)
×
10
−
3
. From this value we derive the branching fraction
B
(
K
S
→ πeν
) = (7
.
153
±
0
.
037
stat
±
0
.
044
syst
)
×
10
−
4
and
f
+
(0)
|V
us
|
= 0
.
2170
±
0
.
009.
The recent interest in a light gauge boson in the framework of an extra U(1) symmetry motivates searches in the mass range below 1 GeV. We present a search for such a particle, the dark photon, in ...e+e−→Uγ, U→π+π− based on 28 million e+e−→π+π−γ events collected at DAΦNE by the KLOE experiment. The π+π− production by initial-state radiation compensates for a loss of sensitivity of previous KLOE U→e+e−, μ+μ− searches due to the small branching ratios in the ρ–ω resonance region. We found no evidence for a signal and set a limit at 90% CL on the mixing strength between the photon and the dark photon, ε2, in the U mass range between 527 and 987MeV. Above 700 MeV this new limit is more stringent than previous ones.
Tests of the T, CP and CPT symmetries in the neutral kaon system are performed by the direct comparison of the probabilities of a kaon transition process to its symmetry-conjugate. The exchange of in ...and out states required for a genuine test involving an antiunitary transformation implied by time-reversal is implemented exploiting the entanglement of K0K‾0 pairs produced at a ϕ-factory.
A data sample collected by the KLOE experiment at DAΦNE corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb−1 is analysed to study the Δt distributions of the ϕ→KSKL→π+π−π±e∓ν and ϕ→KSKL→π±e∓ν3π0 processes, with Δt the difference of the kaon decay times. A comparison of the measured Δt distributions in the asymptotic region Δt≫τS allows to test for the first time T and CPT symmetries in kaon transitions with a precision of few percent, and to observe CP violation with this novel method.
Aim
The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) provides life‐saving medical care for an increasing number of newborn infants each year. NICU care, while lifesaving, does have attendant consequences ...which can include repeated activation of the stress response and reduced maternal interaction, with possible negative long‐term impacts on brain development. Here we present a neuroscientific framework for considering the impact of music on neurodevelopment in the NICU of infants born preterm and evaluate current literature on the use of music with this population to determine what is most reliably known of the physiological effects of music interventions.
Method
Using online academic databases we collected relevant, experimental studies aimed at determining effects of music listening in infants in the NICU. These articles were evaluated for methodological rigor, ranking the 10 most experimentally stringent as a representative sample.
Results
The selected literature seems to indicate that effects are present on the cardio‐pulmonary system and behavior of neonates, although the relative effect size remains unclear.
Interpretation
These findings indicate a need for more standardized longitudinal studies aimed at determining not only whether NICU music exposure has beneficial effects on the cardio‐pulmonary system, but also on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, brain structures, and cognitive behavioral status of these children as well.
What this paper adds
Provides a neuroscience framework for considering how music might attenuate stress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants.
Considers how repeated stress may cause negative neurodevelopmental impacts in infants born preterm.
Posits epigenetics can serve as a mechanistic pathway for music moderating the stress response.
Resumen
Los bebés prematuros, el estrés y el neurodesarrollo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales: ¿podría la música tener un impacto?
Objetivo
La unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN) brinda atención médica que salva vidas para un número cada vez mayor de recién nacidos cada año. El cuidado de la UCIN, aunque salva vidas, tiene consecuencias que pueden incluir la activación repetida de la respuesta al estrés y la interacción materna reducida, con posibles impactos negativos a largo plazo en el desarrollo del cerebro. Aquí presentamos un marco neurocientífico para considerar el impacto de la música en el neurodesarrollo en recién nacidos prematuros en la UCIN, y evaluamos la literatura actual sobre el uso de la música con esta población para determinar qué es lo más confiablemente conocido de los efectos fisiológicos de las intervenciones musicales.
Método
Utilizando bases de datos académicas en línea, recopilamos estudios experimentales relevantes para determinar los efectos de escuchar música en bebés en la UCIN. Estos artículos fueron evaluados por rigor metodológico, clasificando los 10 más rigurosos experimentalmente como muestra representativa.
Resultados
La literatura seleccionada parece indicar que existen efectos sobre el sistema cardiopulmonar y el comportamiento de los recién nacidos, aunque el tamaño del efecto relativo sigue sin estar claro.
Interpretación
Estos hallazgos indican la necesidad de estudios longitudinales estandarizados dirigidos a determinar no solo si la exposición musical de la NICU tiene efectos beneficiosos sobre el sistema cardiopulmonar, sino también sobre el eje hipotalámico‐pituitario‐adrenal, las estructuras cerebrales y el estado cognitivo‐conductual de estos niños también.
Resumo
Lactentes prematuores, estresse, e neurodesenvolvimento na unidade de cuidado intensivo neonatal: a música pode ter um impacto?
Objetivo
A unidade de cuidado intensivo neonatal (UCIN) oferece cuidado médico que salva vidas de um número crescente de recém‐nascidos a cada ano. O cuidado na UCIN, embora salve vidas, tem consequências que podem incluir a ativação repetida da resposta ao estresse e reduzida interação materna, com possíveis impactos negativos sobre o desenvolvimento cerebral em longo prazo. Aqui nós apresentamos uma estrutura neurocientífica para considerer o impacto da música no neurodesenvolvimento em lactentes prematuros na UCIN, e avaliamos a literatura atual no uso da música com esta população para determinar o conhecimento mais confiável sobre os efeitos fisiológicos das intervenções com música.
Método
Usando bases de dados acadêmicas online nós colecionamos estudos experimentais relevantes que visaram determinar os efeitos de ouvir música em lactentes na UCIN. Estes artigos foram avaliados quanto ao rigor metodológico, pontuando os 10 experimentalmente mais fortes como uma amostra representativa.
Resultados
A literatura selecionada parece indicar que os efeitos ocorrem no sistema cardiopulmonar e no comportamento dos lactentes, embora o relativo tamanho do efeito permaneça sem esclarecimento.
Interpretação
Estes achados indicam a necessidade de mais estudos longitudinais padronizados que visem não apenas determinar se a exposição à música na UCIN tem efeitos benéficos no sistema cardiopulmonar, mas também no eixo hipotalâmico‐pituitária‐adrenal, estruturas cerebrais, e estado cognitivo comportamental destas crianças.
What this paper adds
Provides a neuroscience framework for considering how music might attenuate stress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants.
Considers how repeated stress may cause negative neurodevelopmental impacts in infants born preterm.
Posits epigenetics can serve as a mechanistic pathway for music moderating the stress response.
This article is commented on by Haslbeck and Stegemann on page 217 of this issue.
This article's has been translated into Spanish and Portuguese.
Follow the links from the to view the translations.
To examine neural correlates of working memory performance in patients with primary insomnia (PIs) compared with well-matched good sleepers (GSs).
Twenty-five PIs and 25 GSs underwent functional MRI ...while performing an N-back working memory task.
VA hospital sleep laboratory and University-based functional imaging center.
25 PIs, 25 GSs.
N/A.
Although PIs did not differ from GSs in cognitive performance, PIs showed the expected differences from GSs in both self-reported and objective sleep measures. PIs, relative to GSs, showed reduced activation of task-related working memory regions. This manifested both as an overall reduction in activation of task-related regions and specifically as reduced modulation of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with increasing task difficulty. Similarly, PIs showed reduced modulation (i.e., reduced deactivation) of default mode regions with increasing task difficulty, relative to GSs. However, PIs showed intact performance.
These data establish a profile of abnormal neural function in primary insomnia, reflected both in reduced engagement of task-appropriate brain regions and an inability to modulate task-irrelevant (i.e., default mode) brain areas during working memory performance. These data have implications for better understanding the neuropathophysiology of the well established, yet little understood, discrepancy between ubiquitous subjective cognitive complaints in primary insomnia and the rarely found objective deficits during testing.
A
bstract
Based on an integrated luminosity of 1.61 fb
−
1
e
+
e
−
collision data collected with the KLOE detector at DAΦNE, the Frascati
ϕ
-factory, a search for the
P
- and
CP
-violating decay
η → ...π
+
π
−
has been performed. Radiative
ϕ → ηγ
decay is exploited to access the
η
mesons. No signal is observed in the
π
+
π
−
invariant mass spectrum, and the upper limit on the branching fraction at 90% confidence level is determined to be ℬ(
η → π
+
π
−
)
<
4
.
9
×
10
−
6
, which is approximately three times smaller than the previous KLOE result. From the combination of these two measurements we get ℬ(
η → π
+
π
−
)
<
4
.
4
×
10
−
6
at 90% confidence level.
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