In the present paper the Analytical approximate solution of a fractional diffusion equation is deduced with the help of powerful Variational Iteration method. By using an initial value, the explicit ...solutions of the equation for different cases have been derived, which accelerate the rapid convergence of the series solution. The present method performs extremely well in terms of efficiency and simplicity. Numerical results for different particular cases of the problem are presented graphically.
In a coalescence plus fragmentation approach we calculate the heavy baryon/meson ratio and the
p
T
spectra of charmed hadrons
D
0
,
D
s
and
Λ
c
+
in a wide range of transverse momentum from low
p
T
...up to about 10 GeV and discuss their ratios from RHIC to LHC energies without any change of the coalescence parameters. We have included the contribution from decays of heavy hadron resonances and also the one due to fragmentation of heavy quarks which do not undergo the coalescence process. The coalescence process is tuned to have all charm quarks hadronizing in the
p
T
→
0
limit and at finite
p
T
charm quarks not undergoing coalescence are hadronized by independent fragmentation. The
p
T
dependence of the baryon/meson ratios are found to be sensitive to the masses of coalescing quarks, in particular the
Λ
c
/
D
0
can reach values of about
1
÷
1.5
at
p
T
≈
3
GeV, or larger, similarly to the light baryon/meson ratio like
p
/
π
and
Λ
/
K
, however a marked difference is a quite weak
p
T
dependence with respect to the light case, such that a larger value at intermediate
p
T
implies a relatively large value also for the integrated yields. A comparison with other coalescence model and with the prediction of thermal model is discussed.
In this review fundamentals of optical parametric oscillator and different phase matching situation have been discussed. Requirement of nonlinear crystal and properties of some mid-IR and IR ...transmitting crystal have been discussed. Present status of generation of tunable radiation in mid-IR to IR spectral range by OPO based on ZnGeP
2
crystal and other techniques and its applications has been discussed.
In this paper, we report the effect of different plasticizers, such as poly ethylene glycol, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate on the ionic conductivity and dielectric ...relaxation of PEO-LiClO4 solid polymer electrolytes. The highest ionic conductivity is obtained for polymer electrolyte plasticized with poly ethylene glycol. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity follows the well known Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher relation which indicates a strong coupling of ionic and segmental motions for all compositions. The experimental data for the complex dielectric permittivity and electric modulus have been studied using Havriliak–Negami function for the understanding of ion dynamics. Maximum dielectric strength is obtained for polymer electrolyte plasticized with poly ethylene glycol. The modulus data have been analyzed using non-exponential Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) function. It is observed that the non-exponential parameter β is quite lower than unity, suggesting highly a non-exponential relaxation exists in these materials. The temperature dependence of relaxation times obtained from dielectric and modulus formalisms also follow Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher relation for all plasticizers in the compositions.
self-consistent theory for graphene transport Adam, Shaffique; Hwang, E.H; Galitski, V.M ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
11/2007, Letnik:
104, Številka:
47
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We demonstrate theoretically that most of the observed transport properties of graphene sheets at zero magnetic field can be explained by scattering from charged impurities. We find that, contrary to ...common perception, these properties are not universal but depend on the concentration of charged impurities nimp. For dirty samples (250 x 10¹⁰ cm⁻² < nimp < 400 x 10¹⁰ cm⁻²), the value of the minimum conductivity at low carrier density is indeed 4e²/h in agreement with early experiments, with weak dependence on impurity concentration. For cleaner samples, we predict that the minimum conductivity depends strongly on nimp, increasing to 8e²/h for nimp almost equal to 20 x 10¹⁰ cm⁻². A clear strategy to improve graphene mobility is to eliminate charged impurities or use a substrate with a larger dielectric constant.
The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by batch adsorption technique using different low-cost adsorbents was investigated. Adsorbents such as clarified sludge—a steel industry waste material, ...rice husk ash, activated alumina, fuller's earth, fly ash, saw dust and neem bark were used to determine the adsorption efficiency. The influence of pH, adsorbent type and concentration, initial Cr(VI) concentration and contact time on the selectivity and sensitivity of the removal process were investigated. Adsorption process was found to be highly pH dependent. The optimum pH range for adsorption of Cr(VI) was found to be between 2 and 3. Kinetics studies were performed to understand the mechanistic steps of the adsorption process and the rate kinetics for the adsorption of Cr(VI) was best fitted with the pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable to the adsorption process and their constants were evaluated. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant and the Gibbs free energy were determined for each system. The adsorption capacity (
q
max) calculated from Langmuir isotherm and the Gibbs free energy (Δ
G
o) value obtained for the different adsorbents showed that clarified sludge was the most effective among the selected adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The adsorption efficiencies of rice husk ash and activated alumina were also equally comparable with that of clarified sludge.
Semiconducting nanowires in proximity to superconductors are promising experimental systems for realizing the elusive Majorana fermions, which, because of their non-abelian anyonic braiding ...statistics, may ultimately be used as building blocks for topological quantum computers. A serious challenge in the experimental realization of the Majorana fermions is the suppression of topological superconductivity by disorder together with the tunability of carrier density for semiconductors in close proximity to superconductors. Here we show that Majorana fermions that are protected by a disorder robust topological gap can occur at the ends of a chain of gate-tunable quantum dots connected by s-wave superconductors. Such an array of quantum dots provides the simplest realization of Majorana fermions in systems as simple as a few quantum dot array. The proposed system provides a very practical and easily realizable experimental platform for the observation of non-abelian Majorana modes.
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