Objectives The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical significance of panoramic radiography (orthopantomography OPTG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for therapy ...planning of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) by surgeons. Study Design Using standardized questionnaire, eight maxillofacial surgeons evaluated intraoral photographs of the clinical situation of 14 patients with BRONJ as well as the corresponding radiographic images (OPTG, CBCT). The presence of five typical BRONJ signs (bone-remodeling, periosteal reaction, osteosclerosis, sequestra, and continuity of cortical bone) was evaluated with OPTG and CBCT. The influence of radiologic information on therapy decision was examined as well. Results On the basis of the information from intraoral photographs only, seven of the eight surgeons indicated that an additional radiographic examination was necessary for further therapy planning. For evaluation of the five radiographic BRONJ signs, CBCT provided significantly better values compared with OPTG (all P < .05). A before-and-after comparison showed that four of the eight surgeons changed their therapy concept after having three-dimensional CBCT information. The majority (6 of 8) of the surgeons considered that an additional CBCT was required for therapy planning, even after having studied the clinical photographs and OPTG images. Conclusion These data demonstrate a significant advantage of CBCT over OPTG for surgeons with regard to therapeutic planning for BRONJ.
To determine the frequency of mutations in the connection domain (CD) of HIV reverse transcriptase in treatment-experienced patients in the Options in Management with Antiretrovirals trial, their ...impact on susceptibility to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, and their impact on virologic outcomes.
Baseline plasma ARV genotypes and inferred resistance phenotypes were obtained. Frequencies of E312Q, Y318F, G333D, G333E, G335C, G335D, N348I, A360I, A360V, V365I, A371V, A376S, and E399G were compared with a treatment-naive population. The association of CD mutations with inferred IC50 fold changes to nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses examined the association of CD mutations with a >1 log10 per milliliter decrease in HIV viral load after 24 weeks on a new ARV regimen.
Higher CD mutation rates were seen in Options in Management with Antiretrovirals patients (n = 345) compared with a treatment-naive population. CD mutations were associated with increased inferred IC50 fold changes to abacavir, stavudine, tenofovir, and zidovudine. On univariate analysis, A371V was associated with lack of virologic response, as was having any CD mutation on multivariate analysis.
CD mutations are frequent in treatment-experienced populations. They are associated with reduced susceptibility to some nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors and with a diminished response to ARV therapy.
Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of modern science and represent some of the most intractable computational problems in nature. The computational challenge in these systems ...arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles
. The lack of general solutions for the three-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multiparticle bound states
. Here we develop a high-fidelity parameterizable fSim gate and implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-½ XXZ model in a ring of 24 superconducting qubits. We study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to five photons. We devise a phase-sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the idea that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit.
•TNF-α system members are expressed at different follicular stages in bovine ovaries.•TNF-α reduces follicular survival in cultured bovine ovarian tissue.•TNF-α increases the total number of ...apoptotic cells in cultured follicles.•Dexamethasone improves ultrastructure of bovine follicle cultured in vitro.
This study was conducted to detect the protein expression of TNF-α system members (TNF-α/TNFR1/TNFR2) in bovine ovarian follicles and to evaluate the effects of TNF-α or dexamethasone on the survival and growth of primordial follicles in vitro, as well as on gene expression in cultured ovarian tissue. It was hypothesized that TNF-α induces follicular atresia in ovarian tissues cultured in vitro, and that dexamethasone suppresses the production of endogenous TNF-α, which can improve follicle viability in vitro. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 6days in α-MEM+ supplemented with TNF-α (0, 1, 10, 100 or 200ng/ml) or dexamethasone (0, 1, 10, 100 or 200ng/ml). After culture, the expression of mRNAs for BCL-2, BAX, P53, TNF-α, and CASP3 and CASP6 were evaluated. Immunohistochemical results showed that the TNF-α system members, were detected in bovine preantral and antral follicles. After 6days, the TNF-α (10ng/ml) treatment reduced the percentage of normal preantral follicles and increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in cultured tissue. Dexamethasone (10ng/ml) during 6days of culture did maintain the percentage of normal follicles and the ultrastructure of follicles, while the presence of TNF-α or dexamethasone did not influence primordial follicle activation. However, TNF-α or dexamethasone had no effect on the levels of mRNA for P53, BCL-2, BAX and CASP6, in cultured tissues, but the presence of dexamethasone reduced the levels of CASP3 compared to ovarian slices cultured in control medium (α-MEM+). In conclusion, proteins of the TNF-α system are expressed at different bovine follicle stages. The addition of TNF-α in culture reduces follicle survival and increases the number of apoptotic cells in ovarian tissue, while the presence of dexamethasone maintains follicle ultrastructure in cultured tissue.
Background and Aims: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a useful tool for the evaluation of gastric wall infiltration including gastric lymphoma. The aims of this study were to characterize gastric ...low‐grade mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma according to EUS findings and to evaluate the role of a miniature ultrasound probe in the long‐term follow up.
Methods: From January 1994 to March 2002, 20 patients were proven to have gastric low‐grade MALT lymphoma. Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed with a conventional echoprobe and/or a miniature ultrasound probe for initial staging and a miniature ultrasound probe was performed during follow up. All patients positive for Helicobacter pylori received a 2‐week course of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin.
Results: Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 17 (85%) patients. In all patients, H. pylori was eradicated after treatment. Initial EUS showed significantly greater wall thickness (6.1 ± 3.0 mm) in MALT lymphoma patients when compared with control (2.8 ± 0.3 mm). The infiltrative patterns included wall thickening (3.5–14.1 mm) in 18 patients: stage E‐I1 in 16 (mucosa and/or submucosa), stage E‐I2 in one and stage E‐II in one. Complete regression of MALT lymphoma following treatment for H. pylori was noted in 14 patients, with a mean duration of 11.3 ± 9.1 months. Follow‐up miniature ultrasound probe sonography showed comparative reduction in wall thickness (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Endoscopic ultrasonography plays a valuable role in the initial staging and long‐term follow up of gastric low‐grade MALT lymphoma. The application of a miniature ultrasound probe enables adequate evaluation in the majority of these patients, with additional benefits.
This study evaluated (1) the effects of in vivo GnRH treatment on mRNA expression of TNF-α system (TNF-α, TNFR1 and TNFR2) in granulosa cells of bovine preovulatory follicles, (2) the in vitro ...influence of gonadotropins on mRNA expression of TNF-α system in cultured cumulus cells, (3) the protein expression of the TNF-α system in late antral follicles and, (4) the influence of TNF-α on cumulus cells expansion, ultrastructure and on expression of HAS2, CASP3 and CASP6 in follicular cells cultured for 24 h. An increased expression of TNF-α and TNFR1 was observed after 3, 6 and 12 h of GnRH treatment when compared to 0 and 24h. Higher TNFR2 mRNA levels were observed 3, 6 and 12 h after GnRH, when compared to 0 and 24 h. Proteins of TNF-α system were also expressed in late antral follicles. In vitro, TNF-α did not affect cumulus cells expansion, but reduced the HAS2, CASP3 and CASP6 mRNA levels in cumulus cells after 12 h. After 24 h of culture, TNF-α increased the mRNA levels for CASP6 in mural granulosa cells, while the TNF-α, TNFR1 and TNFR2 mRNA levels were increased in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) cultured for 12 h with gonadotropins, but not after 24 h. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the integrity of COCs cultured in presence of TNF-α. In conclusion, TNF-α system members are present in bovine antral follicles and expression of TNF-α is influenced by gonadotropins in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, TNF-α maintained cumulus cells ultrastructure during COC culture.
•The proteins by TNF-α and its receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2), are present in antral follicles compartments.•GnRH treatment increases TNF-α mRNA level in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles in vivo.•In vitro, expression of TNF-α mRNA in cumulus cells is also upregulated by gonadotropins.•TNF-α maintains ultrastructure and regulates gene expression during COC culture.
A non-oxido V(v) complex with glutaroimide-dioxime (H
L), a ligand for recovering uranium from seawater, was synthesized from aqueous solution as NaV(L)
·2H
O, and the structure determined by X-ray ...diffraction. It is the first non-oxido V(v) complex that has been directly synthesized in and crystallized from aqueous solution. The distorted octahedral structure contains two fully deprotonated ligands (L
) coordinating to V
, each in a tridentate mode
the imide N (
= 1.96 Å) and oxime O atoms (
= 1.87-1.90 Å). Using
O-labelled vanadate as the starting material, concurrent
O/
V/
H/
C NMR, in conjunction with ESI-MS, unprecedentedly demonstrated the stepwise displacement of the oxido Vdouble bond, length as m-dashO bonds by glutaroimide-dioxime and verified the existence of the "bare" V
/glutaroimide-dioxime complex, V(L)
, in aqueous solution. In addition, the crystal structure of an intermediate 1 : 1 V(v)/glutaroimide-dioxime complex, VO
(HL)
, in which the oxido bonds of vanadate are only partially displaced, corroborates the observations by NMR and ESI-MS. Results from this work provide important insights into the strong sorption of vanadium on poly(amidoxime) sorbents in the recovery of uranium from seawater. Also, because vanadium plays important roles in biological systems, the syntheses of the oxido and non-oxido V
complexes and the unprecedented demonstration of the displacement of the oxido Vdouble bond, length as m-dashO bonds help with the on-going efforts to develop new vanadium compounds that could be of importance in biological applications.
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