This paper aims to develop the concept and the definition of the maritime common good, its sub components and sub layers and to classify and analytically systematize it in the framework of modern ...theories addressing economic goods. Possible theoretical advancements and extensions in classification criteria are provided. International formal institutional framework is presented and elaborated. The accent is given to the development of theoretical concept and classification of economic goods as well as development of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework – IAD framework that is used to provide analytical understanding of the maritime good classification as well as allocation problems arising. This is performed in the light of ICZM protocol addressing coastal zones as of special concern particularly considering the intensive interrelations between humans and coastal zones. According to the developed classification criteria and analysis performed, the maritime good, as a complex good, can be classified dominantly as common good with limited renewability. The importance of further advancements of maritime common good governing mechanisms based on stakeholders’ inclusion into decision making process is emphasized in order to strengthen the potential of the mechanisms itself and the information background necessary for a successful management of the complex maritime common good.
The research problem this paper is concerned with is the effect of tourism on solid waste generation in Croatia’s coastal area. We are aware of the fact that this has not been thoroughly addressed, ...especially considering tourism’s share in the Croatian economy and the pressure it generates on sustainable coastal management. This is of particular importance considering the governing complexity of coastal areas. Thus, we ask a simple question regarding the role of the tourism industry in the solid waste generation in the Croatian coastal area: Do tourists generate relatively more solid waste than the domestic population? The falsifiable hypothesis is stated in terms of the difference in the production of communal waste between domestic population and tourists, taking into account local idiosyncratic factors, when such a difference is recoverable through statistical analysis of measurable tourist presence in panel data. The first hypothesis is thus: The amount of solid waste produced by local residents in Croatian coastal municipalities diverges significantly in statistical terms from the amount of solid waste produced by tourists. The second hypothesis is: The amount of waste-streams is influenced by local idiosyncrasies of coastal settlements, their economic structure, per capita GDP and/or cultural background of local people. Our dataset is a panel of 160 municipalities in the Croatian coastal area spanned across a time period of 12 months during 2019, giving us a total of 1920 panel observations. We performed a Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares cross-section fixed effects analysis with Panel Corrected Standard Errors on domestic population and tourist overnight stays and their solid waste generation. We used the above mentioned method to achieve better results with higher significance, and lower Standard Errors than comparable methods. We complemented the analysis with a dynamic Panel Generalized Method of Moments First Differences test. Results show a relatively larger relative impact of tourist overnight stays on municipal solid waste generation than what is to be expected from the locals only. Our different methods of analysis ended with non-contradicting results. The number of tourist overnight stays in some municipalities shadows the overnight stays of the local population as an indicator of solid waste generation, exacerbating the problem of sustainability of waste disposal. We conclude that the relative waste disposal impact of the tourists is at least 22% greater and possibly up to 55% greater than the one of local inhabitants, contradicting some other research. We also found evidence of possible Environmental Kuznets Curve behavior.
From unexpended materials, products are created wastes which get into the environment. The environment knows the great mass of wastes and can manage it, but the question is the time of this process. ...Nature always and at every opportunity is searching for the balance and achieves it. The degradation of some materials in nature, however, takes some 1000 years which is a very long time in terms of the length of one human life, also in view of the rising trend of wastes generation. The need for right waste management is steadily rising, as does the production of wastes and our living standards. Incorrect waste management has a negative impact on all components of the environment. Waste management, their processing and recycling bring in addition to human health protection and preserving a healthy environment, also another benefit in the form of raw materials extraction, which presents the saving of primary raw materials whose world supplies are constantly reducing. One of the possible way how effective manage waste management is environmental consciousness but the science brings different ways of solution, for example in connection of waste management and simulation of wastes flow. The paper presents one of this way by the help of creation of centralized collection point of wastes by the universal model which can be usable for different countries with the problem of wastes and waste management.
This paper examines Croatian Regional Value Chains (RVCs). We use the value chain approach to study supply chains, examining data specifically for Croatia and its proximate trading partners in the ...European Union, as well as some other European countries. The value added in Croatian exports is statistically related to the value added in the exports of Croatian trading partners. We argue that Croatian RVCs are organized around regional production centers, with proximity to production capacity, raw materials, and customers as driving factors, and thus most of the value added originates in these RVCs. This paper emphasizes the advantages of representing trade through value added over traditional gross trade statistics and highlights the robustness of RVCs in Croatia to global shocks and transportation reliability issues. We conclude that despite its small absolute size, the Croatian economy is dynamically well-integrated into the EU RVCs, which is crucial for increasing business efficiency and competitiveness, notwithstanding the constraints of relatively low returns to scale. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of RVCs in Croatia and their potential benefits for Croatia in the global production organization.
Demand forecasting is one of the key activities
in planning the freight flows in supply chains, and
accordingly it is essential for planning and scheduling
of logistic activities within observed ...supply chain. Accurate
demand forecasting models directly influence the decrease
of logistics costs, since they provide an assessment
of customer demand. Customer demand is a key component
for planning all logistic processes in supply chain,
and therefore determining levels of customer demand is
of great interest for supply chain managers. In this paper
we deal with exactly this kind of problem, and we develop
the seasonal Autoregressive IntegratedMoving Average (SARIMA)
model for forecasting demand patterns of a major
product of an observed beverage company. The model is
easy to understand, flexible to use and appropriate for assisting
the expert in decision making process about consumer
demand in particular periods.
Purpose: This paper aims to examine the impact of information and communication technologies and their availability in the Central and Eastern European countries that are members of the EU on ...regional value chains and regional supply chain management and logistics in CEECs in the context of the growing e-commerce industry.
Methodology: We used a balanced data panel of 11 countries over 9 years (2011-2019) to examine the impact of ICT indicators on regional supply chains. Th e analysis included the ordinal Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the panel GMM method, which accounts for endogeneity. We implemented the Arellano-Bond estimator within the GMM framework, considering the ordinal nature of the dependent variable. This approach allowed for an effective analysis of the complex relationships in the data, considering the panel structure and the individual country observations.
Results: The findings indicate that the hypothesis claiming that the integration of digital technologies in supply chains in CEEs leads to statistically significant improvements in efficiency, controllability, and cost-effectiveness, cannot be rejected. Enhanced communication, collaboration, and overall logistics performance have led to increased customer satisfaction. Additionally, the study shows a positive correlation between ICT infrastructure and logistics performance, emphasizing the crucial role of digital innovations in shaping supply chain dynamics.
Conclusion: The study supports the hypothesis that integrating digital technologies into supply chain management in Central and Eastern Europe is associated with enhanced efficiency, resilience, and economic integration through value-added export. These insights offer pathways to foster economic integration in the region.
The transportation sector is the lifeblood of an economy. It is divided into three principal categories, i.e., modes of transportation: air, land, and water. This paper analyzes the post-financial ...crisis value added data for the Croatian economy (2008-2015) by analyzing the dependence of three categories of the transportation sector on the cumulative of all other sectors, and on the manufacturing sector in particular. The value added of the three categories of the transportation sector is progressively dependent on the value added of the cumulative industry. This may be due to the progressive dependence of the gross national product on transport because of specialization and division of labor resulting in economies of density due to network and agglomeration effects.
The paper tests for statistical association between employment and value added of freight transport industry and its component activities against overall economy in a ten-year panel ranging from 2008 ...to 2017 of the thirteen newest European Union member countries. In this paper, the nature of correlation between economic growth as the independent variable and freight transport industry as a dependent variable is examined. To achieve stationarity, and to lose autocorrelation and the idiosyncratic effects, the variables are first differenced. The results of the “Granger causality” tests show the null hypothesis of no-causation may be rejected for most conjectures with high F-Statistics as well as high statistical significance. The results of the Panel EGLS cross-section fixed effects do not reject the results gained by the Granger test, and the same may be said for the Panel Generalised Method of Moments First Differences test. The result of the Arellano-Bond test shows no serial correlation in the residuals. It has been concluded that changes in overall economy (value added and employment) have a significant and measurably strong impact on freight transportation and warehousing sector. This conclusion is useful in assessing future impacts on freight transport industry, especially as a consequence of contingent events.
The survey, which consisted of counting, polling and recording, has provided data on the existing volume of passenger flows in public bus stations/terminals within the Primorsko-goranska ...(Littoral-Mountainous) County (hereinafter: the PG County), the density rate of passengers on bus lines that operate on County connections and on bus lines connecting the PG County with other counties in Croatia. In addition to the quantitative parameters, the qualitative data were analyzed that had been obtained by polling passengers at the Rijeka bus terminal, whereupon detailed opinions of direct users of the service were elaborated with the aim of obtaining a picture of the current situation of the public bus transport in the PG County. The data collected were used in evaluating the quality of the passenger transport service provided and in determining measures to be taken in order to bring both the actual quality of transport and the satisfaction of passengers to a higher level.
Regarding the organisation of the railway in Croatian ports, the institutional framework on which the railway within the port operates is relatively uncertain with potential conflicts of the national ...and EU legislation as well as diversities in practical approaches from the governing institutions towards empirical solutions on the field. This paper develops possible models for organisation of the management of rail transport services within the port area in order to research governance mechanism and provide standards of quality of railway operations, which are in accordance with the existing legal framework and on best practice solutions. This models are developed in order to enable several main principles important for port operations and business development such as transparency of the access conditions and service prices, single entry point, services in the rail terminal fully coordinated with the capacity allocation, performance scheme as part of the infrastructure charging system, performance targets in the form of indicators, access to topical reports on the service quality of the service in the port terminal, and implementation of the use-it-or leave-it rule.
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