The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a 40-kton underground liquid argon time projection chamber experiment, will be sensitive to the electron-neutrino flavor component of the burst of ...neutrinos expected from the next Galactic core-collapse supernova. Such an observation will bring unique insight into the astrophysics of core collapse as well as into the properties of neutrinos. The general capabilities of DUNE for neutrino detection in the relevant few- to few-tens-of-MeV neutrino energy range will be described. As an example, DUNE’s ability to constrain the
ν
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spectral parameters of the neutrino burst will be considered.
We analyse the differences in the financial debt level of firms both in market-oriented systems (the US, the UK) and bank-oriented systems (Germany, France and Italy) on a sample of 3360 listed ...companies between the period 2006 and 2010. Results indicate that the debt level is significantly higher in market-oriented systems when compared to the book value of equity. We find confirmation that Book-to-Market (BTM) cannot explain the debt level in bank-oriented systems but, contrary to reference literature, we observe that the BTM ratio has a negative influence on the debt level in market-oriented systems, especially in the United States. We claim different reasons to explain the evidence: (i) the financing standards of market-oriented countries, with an inflationary effect of market values on debt; (ii) an underlying activity for ownership protection and (iii) the unfavourable conditions of stock market over the years of the financial crisis that reduced the convenience of equity issuance.
A digital solution is presented to the front-end readout electronics for calorimetric detectors at future supercolliders based on high-speed analog-digital converters, a fully programmable ...pipeline/digital filter chain, and local intelligence. Questions of error correction, fault-tolerance and system redundancy are considered. A system integration of a multichannel device in a multichip, silicon-on-silicon microsystem hybrid is used. This solution allows a new level of integration of complex analog and digital functions with excellent flexibility in mixing technologies for the different functional blocks. This type of VLSI multichip integration allows a high degree of programmability at both the function and the system level, and offers the possibility of customizing the microsystem with detector-specific functions.< >
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetry and toxicity of hypofractionation in postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in breast cancer (BC) ...patients. Stage II–III BC patients with implant-based immediate breast reconstruction received PMRT to the chest wall (CW) and to the infra/supraclavicular nodal region (NR) using a 15-fraction schedule (2.67 Gy/fraction) and helical IMRT (Tomotherapy
®
System, Accuray Incorporated, Sunnyvale, CA). A score was assigned to each treatment plan in terms of planning target volume (PTV) coverage of CW and NR and the sparing of the organs at risk (OARs). The total score for each plan was calculated. Toxicity was prospectively assessed according to validated scales. Data from 120 consecutive patients treated in the period 2012–2015 were analysed with a median follow-up from the end of radiotherapy of 13.2 months (range 0.0–35 months). 70.8% (85/120) of the plans had high total scores as a result of an optimal coverage of both CW and RN and optimal sparing of all OARs. The maximum acute toxicity was of grade 2 in 36.7% of the cases. Early late toxicity was mild in the majority of cases. In the study population, helical tomotherapy-based IMRT produced optimal treatment plans in most cases. Acute and late toxicity was mild/moderate. Hypofractionated helical IMRT appears to be safe and feasible in the moderate term for PMRT.
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Crash frequency per year of injuries and fatalities have been predicted on rural roads.Highway Safety Manual procedure has been adopted to calibrate the functions.Negative binomial ...regression was used to calibrate 4 Safety Performance Functions.1000km were used to calibrate SPFs and the remaining 1000km to validate SPFs.Residuals analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed the effectiveness of the SPFs.
The objective of this paper is to explore the effect of the road features of two-lane rural road networks on crash severity. One of the main goals is to calibrate Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) that can predict the frequency per year of injuries and fatalities on homogeneous road segments. It was found that on more than 2000km of study-road network that annual average daily traffic, lane width, curvature change rate, length, and vertical grade are important variables in explaining the severity of crashes. A crash database covering a 5-year period was examined to achieve the goals (1295 injurious crashes that included 2089 injuries and 235 fatalities). A total of 1000km were used to calibrate SPFs and the remaining 1000km reflecting the traffic, geometric, functional features of the preceding one were used to validate their effectiveness. A negative binomial regression model was used. Reflecting the crash configurations of the dataset and maximizing the validation outcomes, four main sets of SPFs were developed as follows: (a) one equation to predict only injury frequency per year for the subset where only non-fatal injuries occurred, (b) two different equations to predict injury frequency and fatality frequency per year per sub-set where at least one fa tality occurred together with one injury, and (c) only one equation to predict the total frequency per year of total casualties correlating accurate percentages to obtain the final expected frequency of injuries and fatalities per year on homogeneous road segments. Residual analysis confirms the effectiveness of the SPFs.
The Cerros San Juan Formation is located in the southwest of the Colonia Department, in Uruguay. It is represented by a metavolcanosedimentary sequence in green schist facies, locally reaching ...amphibolite facies. This formation outcrops poorly into two separated blocks by a dextral N30°W fault. These blocks, named East and West, present N30° - 50°E and N50° - 70°E general trends, respectively. The unit is largely covered by Cenozoic deposits and soil cover and its main exposure occurs in the San Juan Hill. The metasedimentary sequence is represented by marbles with tremolite, schists with talc, schists with chlorite, schists with quartz and epidote, metaconglomerates, quartzites rich in hornblende and quartzites sensu stricto. The metavolcanic sequence comprises metatuffs, metarhyolites, metarhyodacites, metaandesites and metabasalts. Associated granophyric rocks occur locally. The whole rock chemical analysis of the metavolcanic unit shows that the acidic metalavas have calc-alkaline and peraluminous affinity, while the basic metalavas have tholeiitic to transitional and metaluminous affinity. The metalavas of the San José Belt, developed to the east of Cerros San Juan Formation, show similar geochemical behavior in general terms. The isotopic data obtained by zircon U–Pb SHRIMP (ca. 2.1 Ga), together with the petrological and geochemical data, suggest that the sequence could be related to a convergent or orogenic environment.
•Cerros San Juan Formation occurs in the Piedra Alta Terrane, Rio de la Plata Craton.•It involves metavolcanic (basic and acidic) and metasedimentary sequences.•It is related to a convergent or orogenic margin with intra-arc settings development.•The age of Cerros San Juan Formation (∼2.1 Ga) is similar to the neighbors Arroyo Grande and San José belts.
Efficient conservation and subsequent utilization of genetic resources are primarily dependent on the strength in the assessment of variation among genotypes. An experiment was carried out aiming at ...determining the extent of phenotypic variability present in a panel of 320 barley genotypes and identifying candidate lines for further evaluation in improvement programs and successive utilization. It was conducted at two locations in Ethiopia, Aris Negelle and Holetta in the 2017/18 and 2018/19 cropping seasons. Among the best 30 lines for grain yield across all the environments, lines from farmers' varieties constitute 73% and lines that mature in less than 85 days were identified. Based on the spike row number, the best-performing lines combined across all the environments were six-rowed types. Based on the two years' data at Arsi Negelle the two-rowed spike type dominates, and at Holetta the six-rowed type. After principal component analysis, the first three PCs with an eigenvalue greater than one explained 70% of the variation. The correlation coefficient between grain and biomass yield was significant and though low (r = 0.38***). Significant, high, and negative correlation coefficient (−0.72***) was observed between 1000 kernel weight and the number of seeds per spike. A positive correlation between biomass and grain yield attracts farmers as a feed and food crop as it has also been signified in the current research. Having the improved barley gene pool largely from international sources, combining the improved materials with farmers' varieties may minimize the existing gap between the local and improved barley gene pool.
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