This study was conducted to better understand the pervasive gender barriers obstructing the progression of women in surgery by synthesising the perspectives of both female surgical trainees and ...surgeons.
Five electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection, were searched for relevant articles. Following a full-text review by three authors, qualitative data was synthesized thematically according to the Thomas and Harden methodology and quality assessment was conducted by two authors reaching a consensus.
Fourteen articles were included, with unfavorable work environments, male-dominated culture and societal pressures being major themes. Females in surgery lacked support, faced harassment, and had unequal opportunities, which were often exacerbated by sex-blindness by their male counterparts. Mothers were especially affected, struggling to achieve a work-life balance while facing strong criticism. However, with increasing recognition of the unique professional traits of female surgeons, there is progress towards gender quality which requires continued and sustained efforts.
This systematic review sheds light on the numerous gender barriers that continue to stand in the way of female surgeons despite progress towards gender equality over the years. As the global agenda towards equality progresses, this review serves as a call-to-action to increase collective effort towards gender inclusivity which will significantly improve future health outcomes.
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•Dual mode cultivation strategy for maximization of biomass and lipid productivity.•Salinity stress showed positive impact on lipid synthesis.•Diverse fatty acid profile was detected ...with the function of salinity stress.•Carbohydrate profile showed direct correlation with the lipid productivity pattern.
Influence of salinity as a stress factor to harness biodiesel was assessed during dual mode cultivation of microalgae by integrating biomass growth phase (BGP) and salinity induced lipid induction phase (LIP). BGP was evaluated in mixotrophic mode employing nutrients (NPK) and carbon (glucose) source while LIP was operated under stress environment with varying salt concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2gNaCl/l). Salinity stress triggered both biomass growth and lipid synthesis in microalgae significantly. BGP showed higher increments in biomass growth (2.55g/l) while LIP showed higher lipid productivity (1gNaCl/l; total/neutral lipid, 23.4/9.2%) than BGP (total/neutral lipid, 15.2/6%). Lower concentrations of salinity showed positive influence on the process while higher concentrations showed marked inhibition. Salinity stress also facilitated in maintaining saturated fatty acid methyl esters in higher amounts which associates with the improved fuel properties. Efficient wastewater treatment was observed during BGP operation indicating the assimilation of carbon/nutrients by microalgae.
Phase transformation behavior in nanoalloys Tiwari, Khushubo; Manolata Devi, M.; Biswas, Krishanu ...
Progress in materials science,
August 2021, 2021-08-00, 20210801, Letnik:
121
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Nanomaterials are now well established as a distinct class of materials. Among them, the nanoparticles of metals and alloys constitute an important subclass that has attracted wide attention from the ...point of view of scientific understanding and wide domain of potential applications. The present review primarily deals with alloy nanoparticles or nanoalloys containing more than one element having single or multiphase microstructure. Both free, as well as embedded alloy nanoparticles, will be considered. The physical and chemical properties of nanoalloys can be tuned by manipulating the type of metals, their compositions, and the degree of the atomic arrangement, shape, and size. These are often controlled by phase transformation. The present article reviews the recent advances in phase transformation behaviour of the alloy nanoparticles by focussing on the single and biphasic alloy of free and embedded nanoparticles; the effect of size, shape, and chemical order on the phase transformation and alloying at the nanoscale. Particular emphasis will be on melting, solidification, and order-to-disorder transformation, taking into account the extensive and detailed theoretical analysis available using thermodynamics and kinetics. Wherever needed, we shall compare free and embedded nanoparticles and invoke the results of elemental metal nanoparticles to highlight the similarities and differences. Towards the end, the unresolved issues and future directions of research on nanoalloys will be deliberated.
Nanoplastics are drawing a significant attention as a result of their propensity to spread across the environment and pose a threat to all organisms. The presence of nanoplastics in water is given ...attention nowadays as the transit of nanoplastics occurs through the aquatic ecosphere besides terrestrial mobility. The principal removal procedures for macro-and micro-plastic particles are effective, but nanoparticles escape from the treatment, increasing in the water and significantly influencing the society. This critical review is aimed to bestow the removal technologies of nanoplastics from aquatic ecosystems, with a focus on the treatment of freshwater, drinking water, and wastewater, as well as the importance of transit and its impact on health concerns. Still, there exists a gap in providing a collective knowledge on the methods available for nanoplastics removal. Hence, this review offered various nanoplastic removal technologies (microorganism-based degradation, membrane separation with a reactor, and photocatalysis) that could be the practical/effective measures along with the traditional procedures (filtration, coagulation, centrifugation, flocculation, and gravity settling). From the analyses of different treatment systems, the effectiveness of nanoplastics removal depends on various factors, source, size, and type of nanoplastics apart from the treatment method adopted. Combined removal methods, filtration with coagulation offer great scope for the removal of nanoplastics from drinking water with >99 % efficiency. The collected data could serve as base-line information for future research and development in water nanoplastics cleanup.
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•Nanoplastics (NPs) have adverse impacts on both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.•Major aquatic contaminants include nanoplastics made of PET, PVC and PS.•Integrated and combination removal technologies are successful at removing NPs.•Membrane reactors were used to remove 99 % of NPs from the aquatic environment.•Prospective techniques for the removal of NPs in water have been summarized.
Microalgae are deemed to be a potential biocatalyst for the production of biodiesel along with other valuable products. An attempt was made to evaluate the effect of sequential growth phase (GP) and ...starvation phase (SP) on the lipid productivity of heterotrophically grown mixed microalgae using domestic wastewater as substrate/feed-stock. Effect of nutrients viz., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C) and potassium (K) on biomass growth and lipid accumulation was elucidated. Due to good nutrients availability during GP operation, significant increment in biomass growth was observed. On the contrary, nutrients deprived condition during SP operation documented increment in lipid productivity due to acceleration of triacylglycerides formation. Higher biomass growth was observed in GP operation with maximum in N + P condition (1.69 mg/mL) while higher lipid productivity was observed in starvation phase with maximum in C condition (28.2%). Gross fatty acid composition depicted significant variations in the fatty acid profile with abundance in saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Relatively good wastewater treatment efficiency in terms of substrate degradation and nutrient removal was observed during the GP operation. Diversity studies visualized dominance of lipid accumulating microalgae such as Scenedesmus sp., Diatoms and Chlorella sp.
► Influence of two phase operation in microalgae for lipid accumulation is studied under heterotrophic conditions. ► Effect of various nutrients on biomass and lipid productivity in microalgae is evaluated. ► Gross fatty acid profile with respect to the various nutritional attributes is discussed in detail. ► Variations in the lipid productivity profiles is studied at two phases of operation. ► Diversity analysis of mixed microalgae was performed for each nutrient condition.
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► Utilization of acid rich effluents for growth and lipid accumulation of microalgae. ► Integrated growth and starvation phases for enhanced lipid productivity. ► Lipid profile ...mapping and microalgae diversity varied with the substrates studied. ► Good wastewater treatment in terms of COD and VFA removal was noticed.
Acid-rich effluent generated from acidogenic biohydrogen production process was evaluated as substrate for lipid synthesis by integrating with heterotrophic cultivation of mixed microalgae. Experiments were performed both with synthetic volatile fatty acids (SVFA) and fermented fatty acids (FFA) from biohydrogen producing reactor. Fatty acid based platform evidenced significant influence on algal growth as well as lipid accumulation by the formation of triglycerides through fatty acid synthesis. Comparatively FFA documented higher biomass and lipid productivity (1.42mg/ml (wet weight); 26.4%) than SVFAs ((HAc+HBu+HPr), 0.60mg/ml; 23.1%). Lipid profiles varied with substrates and depicted 18 types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with wide fuel and food characteristics. The observed higher concentrations of Chl b over Chl a supports the biosynthesis of triacylglycerides. Microalgae diversity visualized the presence of lipid accumulating species viz., Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. Integration of microalgae cultivation with biohydrogen production showed lipid productivity for biodiesel production along with additional treatment.
To understand racial bias in clinical settings from the perspectives of minority patients and healthcare providers to inspire changes in the way healthcare providers interact with their patients.
...Articles on racial bias were searched on Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Full text review and quality appraisal was conducted, before data was synthesized and analytically themed using the Thomas and Harden methodology.
23 articles were included, involving 1,006 participants. From minority patients' perspectives, two themes were generated: 1) alienation of minorities due to racial supremacism and lack of empathy, resulting in inadequate medical treatment; 2) labelling of minority patients who were stereotyped as belonging to a lower socio-economic class and having negative behaviors. From providers' perspectives, one theme recurred: the perpetuation of racial fault lines by providers. However, some patients and providers denied racism in the healthcare setting.
Implicit racial bias is pervasive and manifests in patient-provider interactions, exacerbating health disparities in minorities. Beyond targeted anti-racism measures in healthcare settings, wider national measures to reduce housing, education and income inequality may mitigate racism in healthcare and improve minority patient care.
To improve the strain on healthcare systems which happens through an aging population and a rise in chronic illness, Internet of Things (IoT) technology has attracted much attention in recent years. ...Cloud computing along with the IoT concept is a novel trend, for an efficient management and online processing of sensor data, and its major problem is the protection of privacy. Normally, the data is acquired from the users (i.e. patients) by the healthcare service provider and distributes them with authorized clinics or healthcare experts and these details were distributed to both pharmaceutical and life health insurance companies. Additionally the hackers have susceptible about the data of the patient, at the time of synchronization or cloud transfer is happening with the devices that are interconnected. An efficient Elman Neural Network (ENN) classifier based data protection is given in this work, which forms the cryptography and authentication. This suggested work has two varieties of process namely client side and cloud side. In client side, initially, the EEG signal is obtained from human and is processed with the help of the Hyper analytic Wavelet Transform (HWT) with Adaptive Noise Cancellation (ANC) method. Then, through the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) scheme, signal is safeguarded from forgery. The features were drawn-out from authenticated information in cloud side, and these details were divided as abnormal or not. The appropriateness of this work is validated by executing the technique called One Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) with IoT that drivens the ECG-dependent health monitoring system in the cloud on both experimental analysis and simulation.
Growth and development of neuroepidemiology in India during the last four decades has been documented highlighting the historical milestones. The prevalence rates of the spectrum of neurological ...disorders from different regions of the country ranged from 967-4,070 with a mean of 2394 per 100,000 population, providing a rough estimate of over 30 million people with neurological disorders (excluding neuroinfections and traumatic injuries). Prevalence and incidence rates of common disorders including epilepsy, stroke, Parkinson's disease and tremors determined through population-based surveys show considerable variation across different regions of the country. The need for a standardized screening questionnaire, uniform methodology for case ascertainment and diagnosis is an essential requiste for generating robust national data on neurological disorders. Higher rates of prevalence of neurological disorders in rural areas, 6-8 million people with epilepsy and high case fatality rates of stroke (27-42%) call for urgent strategies to establish outreach neurology services to cater to remote and rural areas, develop National Epilepsy Control Program and establish stroke units at different levels of health care pyramid.
Siddha Medicine is a valuable therapeutic choice which is classically used for treating viral respiratory infections, this principle of medicine is proven to contain antiviral compounds.
The study is ...aimed to execute the In Silico computational studies of phytoconstituents of Siddha official formulation Kabasura Kudineer and novel herbal preparation - JACOM which are commonly used in treating viral fever and respiratory infectious diseases and could be affective against the ongoing pandemic novel corona virus disease SARS-CoV-2.
Cresset Flare software was used for molecular docking studies against the spike protein SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 6VSB). Further, we also conducted insilico prediction studies on the pharmacokinetics (ADME) properties and the safety profile in order to identify the best drug candidates by using online pkCSM and SwissADME web servers.
Totally 37 compounds were screened, of these 9 compounds showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. All the phytoconstituents were free from carcinogenic and tumorigenic properties. Based on these, we proposed the new formulation called as “SNACK–V”
Based on further experiments and clinical trials, these formulations could be used for effective treatment of COVID-19.
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•In silico Docking Studies of Kabasura Kudineer-Official Siddha Formulation and JACOM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.•37 Phytochemical constituents were docked to spike glycoprotein of SARS-COV-2 (PDB ID: 6VSB) by using Cresset Flare software.•Chrysoeriol and Luteolin from Kabasura Kudineer and Quercetin from JACOM shown the highest dock score values of above -11.00.•In silico ADME and drug Likeliness and synthetic accessibility were also carried out for phytoconstituents.
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