Eating healthfully is a challenge in the US; most American children do not eat enough fruits and vegetables and exceed daily recommendations for salts, fats, and sugars. The pervasiveness of packaged ...foods, which are often reduced in nutritional value through added salt, fat, or sugar, adds to the challenge of eating healthfully. There is still much to learn about how aspects of packaging impact children. This study examined how different types of packaging (i.e., healthy, fun, plain, unpackaged) of fruits and vegetables influence children's health and taste evaluations. Thirty children (Mage = 7.1 years, SD = 1.0) participated in a food rating task where they rated the health, taste, and their willingness to try 64 packaged fruits and vegetables (on a scale from 1 to 5). Children were influenced by aspects of the packaging; they rated healthy and fun packaging more favorably in most cases suggesting that children respond more positively to visually appealing packaging than to plain packaging. These results are consistent with previous findings and have implications for how to promote increased fruit and vegetable consumption among children. Future research should explore if the same trends exist when packaged fruits and vegetables are compared to other packaged snack foods.
Objectives
Negative emotional eating and binge eating are positively related, occur in diverse populations, and may be driven by similar mechanisms. Mindfulness facets such as acting with awareness, ...describe, non‐judgement, non‐reactive, and observe may moderate the relationship between these maladaptive eating phenotypes.
Method
A cross‐sectional study assessed emotional eating‐depression (Emotional Eating Scale‐Revised, depression subscale), trait mindfulness facets (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire‐Short Form), and binge eating severity (Binge Eating Scale) in adults (N = 258).
Results
Emotional eating‐depression was less strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher acting with awareness mindfulness. Emotional eating‐depression was more strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher non‐reactive mindfulness.
Conclusions
Acting with awareness and non‐reactive mindfulness may be important treatment targets in concurrent presentations of emotional eating‐depression and binge eating.
Background
People with emotional eating (EE) may experience weight gain and obesity, eating disorder psychopathology, and emotion dysregulation. Limited research has examined experiences in childhood ...that may be associated with EE in adulthood. Perceived parental feeding practices and emotion regulation difficulties were examined as correlates of negative and positive EE in adulthood.
Methods
A cross-sectional study using an online community sample of adults (
N
= 258) examined self-reported negative (Emotional Eating Scale-Revised; EE-anger/anxiety, EE-boredom, and EE-depression) and positive (Emotion Appetite Questionnaire; EE-positive) EE, perceived parental feeding practices (Child Feeding Questionnaire), and emotion regulation difficulties (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale).
Results
Moderation analyses calculated in PROCESS macro examined emotion regulation difficulties as a moderator of relationships between perceived parental feeding practices and EE. Across all models tested, age, BMI, and gender were entered as covariates. Higher perceptions of parental control (monitoring and restriction) of unhealthy eating behaviors and pressure to eat were more strongly associated with EE-anger/anxiety and EE-positive when emotion regulation difficulties were high. Higher perceptions of parental restriction of unhealthy eating behaviors and pressure to eat were more strongly associated with higher EE-boredom when emotion regulation difficulties were high. No significant interactions between perceived parental feeding practices and emotion regulation difficulties emerged in relation to EE-depression.
Conclusions
Perceived controlling parental feeding practices and emotion regulation difficulties may explain meaningful variance in negative and positive EE in adulthood.
Objective: This study explored how COVID-related mental health and well-being varied between undergraduate and graduate students. Relationships with physical health behaviors were also examined. ...Participants: Undergraduate (n = 897) and graduate (n = 314) students were recruited from three US universities between mid-April and late-May 2020. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional survey self-reported perceived stress, financial stress, resilience, repetitive negative thinking, mood, anxiety, diet, sleep, and physical activity using validated instruments. Results: Undergraduate students reported more perceived stress, more repetitive negative thinking, less positive mood, and less support from professors than graduate students. Perceived stress, repetitive negative thinking, negative mood, and anxiety increased among all students (p < .05 for all). Correlations between mental health outcomes and physical health behaviors were weak to moderate (r = .08 to .49). Conclusions: College students, particularly undergraduates, perceived negative mental health impacts during COVID. Creative approaches for meeting student needs are necessary.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Evidence suggests that schools play an important role in student health; however, little is known about variability in teachers' use of food‐related classroom practices. In this ...study, we examined associations between teacher demographic and individual factors and their food‐related practices and modeling in the classroom.
METHODS
We had 239 teachers in the United States complete an online survey about their demographics (years of teaching experience, socioeconomic status of the school), personal health status, height and weight, and nutrition knowledge. Teachers also reported on the unhealthy food‐related practices they use in their classroom (eg, candy as a reward) and modeling (ie, engaging in unhealthy and healthy eating practices in front of students).
RESULTS
Hierarchical linear regressions were computed for each outcome separately. After controlling for socioeconomic status, fewer years of teaching experience and lower perception of personal health were associated with the use of unhealthy practices in the classroom. Teachers who were dieting were more likely to endorse healthy modeling.
CONCLUSIONS
Teacher demographic and individual factors are associated with food‐related classroom behavior. These findings have implications for interventions to promote the health of teachers and their students.
Consequences of Picky Eating in College Students Dial, Lauren A.; Jordan, Amy; Emley, Elizabeth ...
Journal of nutrition education and behavior,
10/2021, Letnik:
53, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
OBJECTIVETo examine the relation between young adult picky eating (PE) and psychosocial outcomes (eg, social phobia, quality of life) and dietary intake. DESIGNCross-sectional study including ...demographic, quantitative, and qualitative measures. PARTICIPANTSMidwestern undergraduate convenience sample (n = 488) recruited early 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESPicky eating identity and bias internalization, social phobia, quality of life, and dietary intake. ANALYSESPearson correlations were conducted among study variables. Independent t tests compared picky eaters and nonpicky eaters on key variables. Qualitative data were coded using content analysis. RESULTSPicky eaters reported eating less fiber (t445 = -3.51; P < 0.001; d = 0.34) and vegetables (t464 = -3.57; P < 0.001; d = 0.33), and reported more social phobia (t336.84 = 4.04; P < 0.001; d = 0.39) than nonpicky eaters. Picky eating behaviors were positively correlated with PE identity (r190 = 0.48; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.23) and bias internalization (r190 = 0.44; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSFuture research might explore additional factors that theoretically overlap with PE behavior (eg, other eating styles, disordered eating patterns) or play a role in PE (eg, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive difficulties). A greater understanding of these factors may lead to intervention to reduce PE in adults. In addition, validation of the PE identity and PE distress measures is essential for future use and to replicate this study's findings.
Background
The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in substantial disruptions to daily functioning and lifestyle behaviours, with negative health consequences for youth. Parents play a large role in their ...children's health behaviour; yet changes to parenting behaviours during the pandemic related to food and physical activity remain relatively unexplored. The present study is the first to our knowledge to examine specific changes in American parents' parenting behaviours related to food and physical activity during COVID‐19, and potential correlates of such changes, including perceived stress and decision fatigue.
Methods
A total of 140 parents (88.57% female; 88.41% White; 87.59% married; with one to five children) from middle to upper income households completed an online survey assessing demographics, perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), decision fatigue (Decision Fatigue Scale) and food and activity parenting behaviour changes during COVID‐19.
Results
Overall, a greater proportion of parents engaged primarily in positive (57.14%) than negative (22.86%) parenting practices related to food and physical activity during the pandemic. Moderation analyses showed that the negative relation between perceived stress and positive parental behaviour changes was stronger at higher perceived increases in decision fatigue during the pandemic.
Conclusions
In the face of a major public health crisis, adaptive parental responses may emerge, but perceived stress may inhibit such behaviour change. Perceived stress and decision fatigue may represent important explanatory factors in parental health promoting behaviours during times of uncertainty and change.
Individuals commonly tailor their diets for reasons such as weight loss, health promotion, taste preferences, religious purposes, and to accommodate food allergies. Many individuals who adopt dietary ...changes, however, report experiencing significant social consequences such as stigma. This study explored stigma against various diet types and how one's own dietary patterns influence stigma toward others' eating behaviors. Participants (N = 509) completed an online survey assessing their own dietary patterns and stigma toward others' dietary patterns. On average, participants reported the greatest stigma toward picky eaters and people who follow popular diets. Five mixed analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to understand differences in stigma toward eating styles held by those who endorsed that eating style and those that did not. Men reported significantly more stigma toward eating styles than women; thus, gender was entered as a covariate for each ANOVA. Compared to non-picky eaters, picky eaters reported significantly lower stigma toward picky eating but significantly higher stigma toward all other eating styles except popular diets. There were no other significant differences in stigma reported between those who did or did not adhere to a given eating style. Future research should utilize more diverse samples and evaluate stigma experienced both by and toward others.
Given the overlap between mindfulness and food neophobia, the current study developed and tested a mindfulness-based intervention to decrease food neophobia in preschoolers. Preschoolers (ages 3–5) ...participated in 10 sessions of a mindfulness intervention group (n = 27) or a food-exposure control group (n = 25). Children were assessed pre- and post-test on their ability to explore and describe novel foods and toys, as well as their willingness to try novel foods. Children in the intervention group used more senses to explore and more words to describe novel foods and toys at posttest compared to pre-test. At post-test, the intervention group used more senses to explore foods and more words to describe toys than the control group. No differences regarding willingness to try novel foods at post-test were observed. However, the intervention group tried novel foods willingly during mindful eating exercises. This intervention was enjoyed by childcare providers and children alike. Given the barriers to encouraging children to eat healthfully, this study highlights the potential for teachers and other childcare providers to incorporate such an intervention into their classrooms to encourage healthy eating habits and improve child health.
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