The scheduled High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider presents new challenges in terms of radiation hardness. As a consequence, campaigns to qualify the radiation hardness of ...detector sensors and components are undertaken worldwide. The effects of irradiation with beams of different particle species and energy, aiming to assess displacement damage in semiconductor devices, are communicated in terms of the equivalent 1 MeV neutron fluence, using the hardness factor for the conversion. In this work, the hardness factors for protons at three different kinetic energies have been measured by analysing the I-V and C-V characteristics of reverse biased diodes, pre- and post-irradiation. The sensors were irradiated at the MC40 Cyclotron of the University of Birmingham, the cyclotron at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, and the IRRAD proton facility at CERN, with the respective measured proton hardness factors being: 2.1 +/- 0.5 for 24 MeV, 2.2 +/- 0.4 for 23 MeV, and 0.62 +/- 0.04 for 23 GeV. The hardness factors currently used in these three facilities are in agreement with the presented measurements.
The CERN RD39 Collaboration is developing super-radiation hard cryogenic Si detectors for applications in experiments of the LHC and the future LHC Upgrade. Radiation hardness up to the fluence of 10
...16
n
eq/cm
2 is required in the future experiments. Significant improvement in the radiation hardness of silicon sensors has taken place during the past years. However, 10
16
n
eq/cm
2 is well beyond the radiation tolerance of even the most advanced semiconductor detectors made by commonly adopted technologies. Furthermore, at this radiation load the carrier trapping will limit the charge collection depth to the range of 20–30
μm regardless of the depletion depth. The key of our approach is freezing the trapping that affects Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE).
Low-temperature tracking detectors Niinikoski, T.O; Abreu, M; Anbinderis, P ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2004, Letnik:
520, Številka:
1-3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
RD39 collaboration develops new detector techniques for particle trackers, which have to withstand fluences up to 1016cm−2 of high-energy particles. The work focuses on the optimization of silicon ...detectors and their readout electronics while keeping the temperature as a free parameter. Our results so far suggest that the best operating temperature is around 130K. We shall also describe in this paper how the current-injected mode of operation reduces the polarization of the bulk silicon at low temperatures, and how the engineering and materials problems related with vacuum and low temperature can be solved.
While the tracking detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments have shown excellent performance in Run 1 of LHC data taking, and are expected to continue to do so during LHC operation at design ...luminosity, both experiments will have to exchange their tracking systems when the LHC is upgraded to the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) around the year 2024. The new tracking systems need to operate in an environment in which both the hit densities and the radiation damage will be about an order of magnitude higher than today. In addition, the new trackers need to contribute to the first level trigger in order to maintain a high data-taking efficiency for the interesting processes. Novel detector technologies have to be developed to meet these very challenging goals. The German groups active in the upgrades of the ATLAS and CMS tracking systems have formed a collaborative "Project on Enabling Technologies for Silicon Microstrip Tracking Detectors at the HL-LHC" (PETTL), which was supported by the Helmholtz Alliance "Physics at the Terascale" during the years 2013 and 2014. The aim of the project was to share experience and to work together on key areas of mutual interest during the R&D phase of these upgrades. The project concentrated on five areas, namely exchange of experience, radiation hardness of silicon sensors, low mass system design, automated precision assembly procedures, and irradiations. This report summarizes the main achievements.
Geant4 low energy extensions have been used to simulate the X-ray spectra of industrial X-ray tubes with filters for removing the uncertain low energy part of the spectrum in a controlled way. The ...results are compared with precisely measured X-ray spectra using a silicon drift detector. Furthermore, this paper shows how the different dose rates in silicon and silicon dioxide layers of an electronic device can be deduced from the simulations.
The Linear Collider TPC collaboration constructed a Large Prototype TPC (LPTPC) which is now installed at the EUDET facility, in DESY. The SiLC-collaboration (Silicon for the Linear Collider) will ...install position sensitive silicon strip sensors outside the field cage of the LPTPC, to provide precise tracking information. The data acquisition system (DAQ) is an adapted CMS readout system. The silicon modules are tested and ready to be installed, the mechanical module support and the DAQ system are in preparation.
Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A497 (2003) 389-396 Future experiments will use silicon sensors in the harsh radiation
environment of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) and high magnetic fields. The
drift direction ...of the charge carriers is affected by the Lorentz force due to
the high magnetic field. Also the resulting radiation damage changes the
properties of the drift.
In this paper measurements of the Lorentz angle of electrons and holes before
and after irradiation are reviewed and compared with a simple algorithm to
compute the Lorentz angle.
SUCIMA (Silicon Ultra fast Cameras for electron and γ sources In Medical Applications) is a project approved by the European Commission with the primary goal of developing a real time dosimeter based ...on direct detection in a Silicon substrate. The main applications, the detector characteristics and technologies and the data acquisition system are described.
Future experiments will use silicon sensors in the harsh radiation environment of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) and high magnetic fields. The drift direction of the charge carriers is affected by ...the Lorentz force due to the high magnetic field. Also the resulting radiation damage changes the properties of the drift. In this paper measurements of the Lorentz angle of electrons and holes before and after irradiation are reviewed and compared with a simple algorithm to compute the Lorentz angle.
