U radu se ispituju preobražaji teorije blagostanja, s osloncem na društvenopovijesne i ideološke prilike koje su utjecale na promjene shvaćanja uloge države. Prvo se analizira ideja blagostanja u ...škotskom prosvjetiteljstvu, odnosno stara teorija blagostanja po kojoj država nije izvor blagostanja, već je to vlastiti interes. Ova prvobitna teorija blagostanja utemeljena je na učenju škotskih moralnih filozofa koji su, sukladno antropološkom skepticizmu, smatrali da je samoljublje ona antropološka karakteristika koja dovodi do društvenog napretka i da samo vlastiti interes može motivirati ljude da služe drugima. Kasnije, uslijed promijenjenih društvenih i političkih prilika, širenjem uvjerenja da je vladina djelatnost neophodna za slobodu i samorazvitak građana, polako se napušta laissez-faire liberalizam, a državni intervencionizam postaje ključni faktor osiguranja društvenog blagostanja. U tom smislu analiziraju se promjene u okviru liberalne tradicije u drugoj polovici XIX. i prvoj polovici XX. stoljeća. Zatim se detaljno ispituje institucionalizirana država blagostanja kao poseban oblik organizacije kapitalističkog društva poslije Drugog svjetskog rata, i njoj svojstvena moderna teorija blagostanja. Na kraju, prikazana je i kritika države blagostanja i samog pojma blagostanja oličena kako u djelu najpoznatijih predstavnika neoliberalnog vala, tako i u politikama konzervativno-liberalnih vlada 80-ih i 90-ih godina XX. stoljeća.
The post-Yugoslav context has experienced major instances of intolerance, suggesting that the success of initiatives dedicated to interreligious dialogue and lasting peaceful coexistence has been ...limited. While being aware of what is expected of them, political elites and religious leaders have approached each other as an asset useful to legitimize their rule, which has directly restrained prospects for a prejudice-free dialogue in the fragile societies. This article sees interreligious dialogue and tolerance as an imperative prerequisite for multiconfessional reconciliation in the area of the former Yugoslavia, so that religion is not used as a means for social and political agendas. Accordingly, religious dialogue and debates concerning tolerance should be treated as a sort of incomplete conversation, which should also welcome contributions from a wide range of civic actors in charge of monitoring pursued processes.
The author analyzes the idea of the minimal state in modern political theory, as well as its development in the socio-historical context. Since the idea of the minimal state concerns the question of ...the role of government, which is primarily an ideological question, it is analyzed through the ideological prism of liberalism. Further, changes in the liberal tradition (classical liberalism, social liberalism, neoliberalism), transformations of the state and the feasibility of the theoretical concept of minimal state in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are presented and scrutinized in more detail. The central part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the characteristics of this political idea - its anthropological and philosophical basis, ideas that are inseparably linked with it (negative freedom, the rule of law, procedural conception of justice, spontaneous order of the market) and the problem of the proper sphere of government. Finally, the shortcomings and perspectives of the minimal state in modern political theory are examined.
U radu se analizira filozofija prava Thomasa Hobbesa i nastoji se ispitati trebamo li je svrstati u prirodnopravnu tradiciju mišljenja o pravu ili u pravni pozitivizam. S jedne strane, Hobbes se ...tradicionalno svrstavao u predstavnike racionalne doktrine prirodnog prava, a s druge strane je njegova pravna misao udarila temelje
pozitivističke teorije prava. Zato se u radu prvo daje kraći pregled prirodnopravne misli (antička, srednjovjekovna i moderna teorija prirodnog prava), da bi se u tom kontekstu prikazalo Hobbesovo učenje o prirodnom pravu i prirodnom zakonu, koje nije sasvim konzistentno. Potom se analizira Hobbesovo učenje o građanskim zakonima, odnosno shvaćanje prava kao zapovijedi suverena i njegov utjecaj na pravni pozitivizam, te naročito Hobbesov utjecaj na Austinovu imperativnu teoriju prava. Na kraju, analizira se veza između Hobbesova učenja o prirodnim zakonima kao zapovijedima razuma i građanskim zakonima kao zapovijedima suverena.
Autor u radu analizira jedan pristup u okviru urbane sociologije, karakterističan za čikašku školu, koji je spajao određene biološke premise u poimanju grada s tipičnim sociološkim pristupom, ...promatrajući grad kao svojevrstan superorganizam i proizvod prirode, zbog čega se naziva ekološkom teorijom grada. U tom smislu, veza između biologije i sociologije, kao i teorije Roberta Ezre Parka i Ernesta Watsona Burgessa
bit će predmet posebne analize koja za cilj ima što više približiti čitatelju ekološki pristup u urbanoj sociologiji. Predmet je posebnog interesa Parkova ideja o gradu kao produktu prirode, sa simbiotskom substrukturom i kulturnom suprastrukturom, kao i Burgessova ideja o rastu grada i teorija koncentričnih zona strukture grada. Također, analizirana su i druga pitanja ekološke teorije grada (dominacija i sukcesija, socijalna delinkvencija, problem marginalnog čovjeka).
The author analyses an approach within the framework of urban sociology,
characteristic to Chicago School. This approach combined certain biological premises in understanding the city with the typical sociological approach, seeing the city as a superorganism and a product of nature, which is why it is called the ecological theory of the city. In this regard, the connection between biology and sociology, as well as
the theory of Robert Ezra Park and Ernest Watson Burgess, as typical representatives of this sociological trend, will be the subject of special analysis, aiming to bring the reader closer to the ecological approach in urban sociology. The topic of particular interest is Park’s idea of the city as a product of nature, with symbiotic substructure and
cultural superstructure, as well as Burgess’s idea of city growth and the theory of the concentric zones of city structure. Other issues of the ecological theory of the city (dominance and succession, social delinquency, the problem of the marginal man) were also analysed
The author analyses an approach within the framework of urban sociology, characteristic to Chicago School. This approach combined certain biological premises in understanding the city with the ...typical sociological approach, seeing the city as a superorganism and a product of nature, which is why it is called the ecological theory of the city. In this regard, the connection between biology and sociology, as well as the theory of Robert Ezra Park and Ernest Watson Burgess, as typical representatives of this sociological trend, will be the subject of special analysis, aiming to bring the reader closer to the ecological approach in urban sociology. The topic of particular interest is Park’s idea of the city as a product of nature, with symbiotic substructure and cultural superstructure, as well as Burgess’s idea of city growth and the theory of the concentric zones of city structure. Other issues of the ecological theory of the city (dominance and succession, social delinquency, the problem of the marginal man) were also analysed.
Wardovo hegelijansko shvaćanje države Dokić, Marko; Bakrač, Vladimir
Filozofska istraživanja,
09/2022, Letnik:
42, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
U radu se ispituje društvena teorija Lestera Franka Warda, jednoga od najznačajnijih predstavnika rane američke društvene teorije, s posebnim naglaskom na njegovu koncepciju države, koja se može ...smatrati hegelijanskom. U prvom dijelu rada dan je kraći osvrt na ranu američku društvenu teoriju: njezine osnovne karakteristike; pitanja koja su bila glavni predmet promatranja u tom razdoblju razvoja sociologije u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama i njezine najznačajnije predstavnike. U daljnjem tekstu, analiziraju se osnovne karakteristike Wardove društvene teorije. Tako se ističe da je ona: pojmovno naslonjena na prirodne znanosti, utemeljena na razlikovanju čiste i primijenjene sociologije, sistematska, progresivna i naklonjena društvenim reformama. Ona je bila suprotstavljena individualističkoj tradiciji i predstavljala je svojevrsni zaokret prema kolektivizmu. Njegova teorija počivala je na vjerovanju da ljudski um može upravljati društvenim napretkom i da poredak koji se temeljio na socijalnim nejednakostima te bio produkt doktrine laissez-faire ne može osigurati slobodu i blagostanje. Osnovna institucija koja je to u stanju učiniti jest država, tako da je središnji dio rada posvećen upravo shvaćanju države Lestera F. Warda, koje je okarakterizirano kao hegelijansko. U tom dijelu iznose se ključna obilježja Wardove koncepcije države i vrši usporedba s teorijom etičke države, koja je dana u okviru Hegelove filozofije objektivnoga duha – filozofije prava i filozofije povijesti. Na kraju, ističe se da je Wardova teorija, iako je po nekim svojim karakteristikama bila atipična za američku društvenu teoriju, ukazala na opći pravac daljnjega razvoja društvenih prilika prema eri kolektivizma.
This paper examines the social theory of Lester Frank Ward, one of the most significant representatives of early American social theory, with particular attention to his conception of the state, which can be described as Hegelian. The first part of the paper gives a brief overview of early American social theory: its basic features, the issues that were the focus of attention during this period in the development of sociology in the US, and its most significant representatives. The basic features of Ward’s social theory are then presented and examined in more detail. It is pointed out that it is: conceptual and essentially based on the natural sciences; based on the distinction between pure and applied sociology; systematic; supportive of progressive and pro-social reforms. It was directed against the individualist tradition. His theory was based on the belief that the human mind can direct social progress and that the order based on social inequalities, which is a product of the laissez-faire doctrine, cannot guarantee freedom and prosperity. The fundamental institution capable of doing so is the state. Therefore, the central part of this paper is devoted to his conception of the state and makes a comparison with Hegel’s theory of the ethical state contained in Hegel’s philosophy of objective spirit – philosophy of law and philosophy of history. It concludes by pointing out that Ward’s theory indicated the general direction of development of social circumstances towards the era of collectivism, and was also atypical of American social theory in some of its features.
This paper examines the social theory of Lester Frank Ward, one of the most significant representatives of early American social theory, with particular attention to his conception of the state, ...which can be described as Hegelian. The first part of the paper gives a brief overview of early American social theory: its basic features, the issues that were the focus of attention during this period in the development of sociology in the US, and its most significant representatives. The basic features of Ward’s social theory are then presented and examined in more detail. It is pointed out that it is: conceptual and essentially based on the natural sciences; based on the distinction between pure and applied sociology; systematic; supportive of progressive and pro-social reforms. It was directed against the individualist tradition. His theory was based on the belief that the human mind can direct social progress and that the order based on social inequalities, which is a product of the laissez-faire doctrine, cannot guarantee freedom and prosperity. The fundamental institution capable of doing so is the state. Therefore, the central part of this paper is devoted to his conception of the state and makes a comparison with Hegel’s theory of the ethical state contained in Hegel’s philosophy of objective spirit – philosophy of law and philosophy of history. It concludes by pointing out that Ward’s theory indicated the general direction of development of social circumstances towards the era of collectivism, and was also atypical of American social theory in some of its features.
Comparison of the experimental data obtained in the present study with the results of the studies in which ferric sulfate has been used as a catalyst (both in pure and supported state). Display ...omitted
► Conversion of oleic acid present in sunflower oil using Fe2(SO4)3/SiO2 catalyst. ► Synthesis and characterization of Fe2(SO4)3/SiO2. ► Oleic acid conversion depends on catalyst activation procedure. ► The effectiveness of catalyst surface was determined. ► Oleic acid conversion is simulated using third order kinetic model.
A difficulty of biodiesel synthesis based on alkaline catalysts obviously exists if free fatty acids (FFAs) content in vegetable oil is above 0.5wt.%. In this study, the ferric sulfate supported on silica (Fe2(SO4)3/SiO2) was synthesized, activated (at different temperature: 120–600°C) and tested for heterogeneous esterification of FFA (oleic acid) present in sunflower oil (5wt.%). The catalyst samples were characterized by BET, TG/DTG, XRD and FTIR analyses. Obtained results showed that catalyst activated at 500°C for 2h in air atmosphere gave the maximal conversion of oleic acid (∼97%). Repeated use of catalyst without additional catalyst treatment or re-activation indicated that catalyst posses desired stability and activity. A pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was proposed with good agreement between calculated and experimental data.
PDF
