This article examines the description of places and buildings in a selection of classical, medieval, and Renaissance texts by analyzing their use of
descriptio/ekphrasis and the technique of ...amplificatio (distributio and enumeratio) in order to reveal their cultural biases. Several of the texts are well known, while others are not. The texts are: the Epistola 2.17 by Caius Plinius the Young (62-c. 117 AD); Petrarch’s letter describing his ascent of Mount Ventoux (1336), published in Familiares rerum libri 4.1; a Tratado de montería (written between 1453-1473) and an inspection visit report on the Montizón castle (1478; both concerning the Sierra de Segura of Jaen); and a poem called Terze Rime (1458) that describes a new palace built by Cosimo I de Medici in Renaissance Florence
Este artículo examina la descripción de lugares y edificios en una selección de obras clásicas, medievales y renacentistas con características genéricas diferentes con el deseo de revelar sus apoyos culturales. Varios son bien conocidos, otros no. Los textos son: la Epistola 2.17 de Cayo Plinio el Joven (62-c.117 AD); la carta sobre la subida al Monte Ventoso de Petrarca (1336) publicada en Familiares rerum libri 4.1; un Tratado de montería (escrito entre 1453- 1473) y una visita de inspección al castillo de Montizón (1478; ambos sobre la Sierra de Segura de Jaén); y un poema llamado Terze Rime (1458) que describe un nuevo palacio de Cósimo I de Medici en la Florencia renacentista.
Background
It has been described that treating relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients with alemtuzumab following fingolimod could be less effective due to the different dynamics of ...lymphocyte repopulation. Effectiveness and safety of alemtuzumab compared to rituximab after fingolimod withdrawal were analyzed.
Patients and methods
A follow-up of a cohort of RRMS patients treated with alemtuzumab or rituximab after fingolimod withdrawal was accomplished. Effectiveness, measured by the percentage of patients with no evidence of disease activity (NEDA), and the presence of side effects (SE) were registered.
Results
Fifty-five patients, 28 with alemtuzumab and 27 with rituximab, were analyzed. No differences in the washout period or in the baseline lymphocytes counts were observed. After a mean follow-up period of 28.8 months, the annualized relapsing rate was significantly reduced in the alemtuzumab group from 1.29 to 0.004 (
p
< 0.001) and in the rituximab group from 1.24 to 0.02 (
p
< 0.001), without differences. A significant reduction of the median EDSS from 2.8 to 2.0 in the alemtuzumab group and from 3.5 to 2.5 (
p
< 0.01) in the rituximab group was observed, without differences. Eighty-two per cent (
n
= 28) of patients in alemtuzumab group and 69.2% (
n
= 26) in rituximab group achieved NEDA criteria, without differences (
p
= 0.3). Symptoms related to the infusion were the most frequent SE in both groups. No serious SE were registered.
Conclusion
Treating RRMS patients with alemtuzumab or rituximab after fingolimod withdrawal is effective and safe, without significant differences between both groups in our series.
Sea cucumber commercial fisheries in the North‐eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea started in Turkey in the 1990s. Due to ineffective management practices, the sea cucumber resource was ...overexploited. Holothuria mammata is one of the sea cucumber species exploited from this geographical area, showing high potential for its aquaculture. This research was undertaken to develop the breeding, larval and juveniles rearing techniques for development of H. mammata aquaculture. Broodstocks collected from Ria Formosa (Faro, S Portugal) were successfully induced to spawn by thermal stimulation from July to October, yielding up to 6.95 million eggs/female. The eggs and larvae were reared and their development described. H. mammata showed the five typical larval stages of most aspidochirote holoturians. Juveniles stage was reached after 21 days post‐fertilization. This is the first work focused on the aquaculture biotechnology of H. mammata, however, further research is need to improve the survival of juveniles to ensure the future production of this species.
The emission of very-high-energy (VHE) photons (E > 100 GeV) in blazars is closely connected to the production of ultra-relativistic particles and the role of these γ-ray sources as cosmic particle ...accelerators. This work focuses on a selection of 22 γ-ray objects from the 2BIGB catalogue of high-synchrotron-peaked sources, which are classified as blazar candidates of uncertain type in the 4FGL-DR2 catalogue. We study these sources by means of a re-analysis of the first 10 yr of γ-ray data taken with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope, including the attenuation by the extragalactic background light. Their broad-band spectral energy distributions are also evaluated, using multiwavelength archival data in the radio, optical, and X-ray bands, in terms of one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton models, adding an external Compton component when needed. Out of this analysis, we identify 17 new extreme high-synchrotron-peaked (EHSP) candidates and compare their physical parameters with those of prototypical EHSP blazars. Finally, the resulting models are used to assess their detectability by the present and future generation of ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. We find two VHE candidates within the reach of the current and next generation of Cherenkov telescopes: J0847.0−2336 and J1714.0−2029.
•Function “yield vs. total net water” for 4 commercial cultivars of potato crop was fitted.•Irrigation strategies aiming to increase the irrigation water productivity of potato were proposed.•Crop ...under real farming conditions and limited volumes of irrigation water.•Optimized regulated deficit irrigation methodology increased the irrigation water productivity in the studied cultivars.
This paper presents the calibration and validation processes of the MOPECO model for the simulation of 4 commercial potato cultivars (Zorba, Mirari, Monalisa and Leire), using the data from a three-year field experiment (years 2010, 2011 and 2012; two per cultivar) under deficit irrigation conditions in the Basque Country region of Spain. The optimized regulated deficit irrigation (ORDI) strategy was used in combination with the typical meteorological year (TMY) methodology to determine irrigation strategies aimed at increasing the irrigation water productivity of potato crop under real farming conditions and limited volumes of irrigation water. The growing degree-days for the whole growth cycle were 1958 °Cd, while the calibrated crop yield response (Ky) values for the growth stages proposed by FAO-56 were 0.45 (vegetative period), 0.70 to 0.90 (yield formation), and 0.25 to 0.40 (ripening) depending on the considered cultivar. The validation results showed that MOPECO is suitable for simulating the yield versus total water (gross irrigation + effective rainfall) use under the climatic and soil conditions in this study (normalized root mean square error from 7.2 to 8.5% between observed and simulated levels). ORDI maximized the yield of the crop for different volumes of available irrigation water. The irrigation water productivity differed according to the cultivar, increasing for lower volumes of irrigation water (from 23.0 kg m−3 to 58.1 kg m−3 for Monalisa and Mirari cultivars, irrigated with 100% and 40% of the requirements, respectively).
ABSTRACT
Blazars present highly variable gamma-ray emission. This variability, which can range from a few minutes to several years, is also observed at other wavelengths across the entire ...electromagnetic spectrum. We make use of the first 12 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, complemented with multiwavelength (MWL) archival data from different observatories and facilities in radio, infrared, and optical bands, to study the possible periodic emission from 19 blazars previously claimed as periodic candidates. A periodicity analysis is performed with a pipeline for periodicity searches. Moreover, we study the cross-correlations between the gamma-ray and MWL light curves. Additionally, we use the fractional variability and the structure function to evaluate the variability time-scales. We find five blazars showing hints of periodic modulation with ≥3.0σ (≈0σ post-trials), with periods ranging from 1.2 to 4 yr, both in their gamma-ray and MWL emission. The results provide clues for understanding the physical mechanisms generating the observed periodicity.
Introduction
In the past decade, a group of studies has begun to explore the association between cannabis recreational use policies and traffic crashes. After these policies are set in place, several ...factors may affect cannabis consumption, including the number of cannabis stores (NCS) per capita. This study examines the association between the enactment of Canada's Cannabis Act (CCA) (18 October 2018) and the NCS (allowed to function from 1 April 2019) with traffic injuries in Toronto.
Methods
We explored the association of the CCA and the NCS with traffic crashes. We applied two methods: hybrid difference‐in‐difference (DID) and hybrid‐fuzzy DID. We used generalised linear models using CCA and the NCS per capita as the main variables of interest. We adjusted for precipitation, temperature and snow. Information is gathered from Toronto Police Service, Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario, and Environment Canada. The period of analysis was from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019.
Results
Regardless of the outcome, neither the CCA nor the NCS is associated with concomitant changes in the outcomes. In hybrid DID models, the CCA is associated with non‐significant decreases of 9% (incidence rate ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.74,1.11) in traffic crashes and in the hybrid‐fuzzy DID models, the NCS are associated with nonsignificant decreases of 3% (95% confidence interval − 9%, 4%) in the same outcome.
Discussion and Conclusions
This study observes that more research is needed to better understand the short‐term effects (April to December 2019) of NCS in Toronto on road safety outcomes.
The geometrical, electronic and catalytic properties of PtnAgn (n = 1–7) clusters are investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations. The ground state structures are obtained ...by a structure search procedure based in the simulated annealing method. In general, the PtnAgn clusters adopt structures with Pt cluster motifs at the central position surrounded by silver islands. We found that the Pt4Ag4 and Pt6Ag6 clusters have a closed shell geometric structure and are the most stable clusters in this series. The bimetallic cluster reactivity is investigated by using the ionization potential, electron affinity, the d-band center, and the adsorption energy descriptors, respectively. However, it turns out that the reactivity of these systems is more sensitive to the chemical element on the cluster surface exhibiting a local reactivity. The different reactive sites on the cluster surface can be explained by the molecular electrostatic potential surface. In the PtnAgn alloys, the Pt species perform similar interactions with a CO molecule in comparison to the unary Pt clusters, whereas the Ag species issue weaker interactions, increasing the catalyst resistance. In this context, the bimetallic clusters may serve as potential candidates for hydrogenation reactions. Furthermore, the distinct charge reorganization on the PtnAgn alloys is useful for incorporating a lower number of noble metals in order to achieve an increased catalytic and selectivity capabilities. Theoretical data on the infrared spectra of the clusters is also provided.
•Catalytic properties of PtnAgn (n = 1–7) clusters are investigated by DFT.•The geometrical structures shows segregation of Ag to the cluster surface.•The reactivity of the PtAg alloys is more sensitive to the atomic specie.•Catalytic resistance to CO adsorption is found.•The simulation data of the Infrared Spectra is shown.
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