Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are classic and emerging pollutants that are potentially harmful to the human immune system. Research on their immunotoxicity and mechanisms suggests that they ...play an important role in the resulting pernicious effects of PBDEs. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-47) is the most biotoxic PBDE congener, and, in this study, we evaluated its toxicity toward RAW264.7 cells of mouse macrophages. The results show that exposure to BDE-47 led to a significant decrease in cell viability and a prominent increase in apoptosis. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and an increase in cytochrome C release and caspase cascade activation thus demonstrate that cell apoptosis induced by BDE-47 occurs via the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, BDE-47 inhibits phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells, changes the related immune factor index, and causes immune function damage. Furthermore, we discovered a significant increase in the level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the regulation of genes linked to oxidative stress was also demonstrated using transcriptome sequencing. The degree of apoptosis and immune function impairment caused by BDE-47 could be reversed after treatment with the antioxidant NAC and, conversely, exacerbated by treatment with the ROS-inducer BSO. These findings indicate that oxidative damage caused by BDE-47 is a critical event that leads to mitochondrial apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages, ultimately resulting in the suppression of immune function.
Plant chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are two complex processes that are regulated by exogenous and endogenous factors. In this study, we identified OsDXR, a gene encoding a ...reductoisomerase that positively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice. OsDXR knock-out lines displayed the albino phenotype and could not complete the whole life cycle process. OsDXR was highly expressed in rice leaves, and subcellular localization indicated that OsDXR is a chloroplast protein. Many genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development were differentially expressed in the OsDXR knock-out lines compared to the wild type. Moreover, we found that the RNA editing efficiencies of ndhA-1019 and rpl2-1 were significantly reduced in the OsDXR knock-out lines. Furthermore, OsDXR interacted with the RNA editing factor OsMORF1 in a yeast two-hybrid screen and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. Finally, disruption of the plastidial 2-C-methyl-derythritol-4-phosphate pathway resulted in defects in chloroplast development and the RNA editing of chloroplast genes.
Three dinuclear lanthanide complexes Ln2(H2L)2(NO3)4 Ln = Dy (1), Tb (2), and Gd (3) H3L = 2‐hydroxyimino‐N′‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)methylidene‐propanohydrazone were solvothermally synthesized by ...varying differently anisotropic rare earth ions. Single‐crystal structural analyses demonstrate that all the three complexes are crystallographically isostructural with two centrosymmetric LnIII ions aggregated by a pair of monodeprotonated H2L– anions. Weak intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions with different strength were mediated by a pair of phenoxo bridges due to superexchange and/or single‐ion anisotropy. Additionally, the DyIII‐based entity shows the strongest anisotropy exhibits field‐induced single‐molecule magnetic behavior with two thermally activated relaxation processes. In contrast, 3 with isotropic GdIII ion has a significant cryogenic magnetocaloric effect with the maximum entropy change of 25.7 J·kg–1·K–1 at 2.0 K and 70.0 kOe.
Endoscopic thyroidectomy for minimally invasive thyroid surgery has been widely applied in the past decade. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of single-port access transaxillary totally ...endoscopic thyroidectomy on the postoperative outcomes and functional parameters, including quality of life and cosmetic result in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Seventy-five patients with PTC who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy via a single-port access transaxillary approach were included (experimental group). A total of 123 patients with PTC who were subjected to conventional open total thyroidectomy served as the control group. The health-related quality of life and cosmetic and satisfaction outcomes were assessed postoperatively.
The mean operation time was significantly increased in the experimental group. The physiological functions and social functions in the two groups were remarkably augmented after 6 months of surgery. However, there was no significant difference in the scores of speech and taste between the two groups at the indicated time of 1 month and 6 months. In addition, the scores for appearance, satisfaction with appearance, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health in the experimental group were better than those in the control group at 1 month and 6 months after surgery.
The single-port access transaxillary totally endoscopic thyroidectomy is safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with PTC. The subjects who underwent this technique have a good perception of their general state of health and are likely to participate in social activities. It is worthy of being clinically used for patients with PTC.
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, as obstetricians, we also face great challenges. We need to identify pregnant patients with 2019 coronavirus disease infection timely, and ...give them appropriate treatment in order to obtain a good maternal and infant prognosis. Here, we would like to share a case and provide some suggestions on how to screen, diagnose and treat pregnant women with 2019 coronavirus disease infection during the outbreak.
Fifteen fluorinated dabigatran analogues were designed and synthesized by using various substituted pyridine rings or substituted phenyl rings to instead of pyridine ring. Display omitted
In the ...present study, a series of unreported fluorinated dabigatran analogues, which were based on the structural scaffold of dabigatran, were designed by computer-aided simulation. Fifteen fluorinated dabigatran analogues were screened and synthesized. All target compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR and HRMS. According to the preliminary screening results of inhibition ratio, eleven analogues (inhibition ratio >90%) were evaluated for antithrombin activity in vitro (IC50). The test results expressed that all the analogues showed effective inhibitory activities against thrombin. Especially, compounds 8f, 8k and 8o, with IC50 values of 1.81, 3.21 and 2.16nM, respectively, showed remarkable anticoagulant activities which were in the range of reference drug dabigatran (IC50=1.23nM). Moreover, compounds 8k and 8o were developed to investigate their anticoagulant activities in vivo. In those part, compound 8o exhibited a fairly strong inhibitory action for arteriovenous thrombosis with inhibition ratio of 84.66%, which was comparable with that of dabigatran (85.07%). Docking simulations demonstrated that these compounds could act as candidates for further development of novel anticoagulant drugs.
Abstract Background Increasing evidence indicated that metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) acted as a key regulator in the proliferation and invasion of several cancers. ...However, the function of MALAT1 in the development of thyroid cancer has not been experimentally established. Methods The expression of MALAT1 and IQGAP1 in thyroid cancer tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The effects of MALAT1 and IQGAP1 on the cell proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer cells were detected with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium 4 (MTT) assay and a Transwell assay, respectively. FTC-133 or SW1736 transfected with si-MALAT1 or pcDNA-MALAT1 were injected subcutaneously into 4-week-olds BALB/c mice to examine the impact of MALAT1 on the tumor development of thyroid cancer in vivo. Results In this study, we discovered the higher level of MALAT-1 and expression of IQGAP1 in thyroid cancer tissues and in thyroid cancer cells compared to that in the control. MTT and Transwell assay showed that the proliferation and invasion of FTC-133 cells with MALAT-1 knockdown were inhibited. Moreover, MALAT-1 could upregulate the expression of IQGAP1 in thyroid cancer cells. In addition, IQGAP1 knockdown reversed the decreasing cell proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer induced by MALAT-1 overexpression. Finally, the study in vivo verified that MALAT-1 promoted the tumor growth of thyroid cancer. Conclusion Our study indicated that MALAT1 promoted the proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer cells via regulating the expression of IQGAP1.
Two 5‐methyl‐tetrazolate (mtz–)‐based paramagnetic metal coordination polymers, {Cu2(H2O)2(mtz)(μ3‐OH)(nip)·H2O}n (1) and Cu(H2O)(mtz)2n (2), were obtained in the presence and absence of aromatic ...5‐nitroisophathalate (nip2–) coligand by varying the preparation methods. Structural determinations reveal that 1 is a three‐dimensional (3D) framework with corner‐sharing triangular ribbons infinitely extended by ditopic nip2– connectors. In contrast, 2 is a coplanar (4,4) layer constructed from square‐pyramidal CuII ions and μ‐N1,N4‐mtz– linkers, which is further assembled into a 3D supramolecular network by interlayer hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Magnetically, spin‐frustrated antiferromagnetic ordering is observed in the 3D framework of 1 and canted antiferromagnetic behavior with a slight spin‐flop transition is presented in 2, which are structurally resulting from the locally Δ‐ribbon in 1 and asymmetric magnetic superexchange mediated by the μ‐N1,N4‐mtz– bridge of 2.
The accumulation dynamics of kernel components for spikelets at different positions within a rice panicle were investigated during grain filling to understand the physiological reasons for the ...variation of grain quality. Two rice cultivars, Yangdao 6 (indica) and Yangjing 9538 (japonica), were field-grown, and the grain filling characters and contents of starch, soluble sugar, and protein of the spikelets at different positions were studied. There were significant differences in matter accumulation among spikelets at different positions during grain filling. The early-flowering spikelets presented dominance over the late-flowering spikelets in initial time and initial rate of accumulation. At the initial and mid filling stages, the contents and the rates of starch and amylose accumulation in spikelets decreased with the flowering sequence, but soluble sugar content (SSC) exhibited the opposite trend. The difference in SSC among the spikelets of Yangjing 9538 was greater than that of Yangdao 6, but amylose content in mature spikelets showed no obvious relationship to their flowering sequence. The crude protein content (CPC) of early-flowering spikelets decreased more rapidly than that of late-flowering ones at the initial filling stage, and CPC in the spikelets on the secondary branch was higher than that on the primary branch, but CPC in early-flowering ones was lower than that in late-flowering across the whole grain filling period. Grain water content (GWC) of early-flowering spikelets decreased more rapidly than that of late-flowering spikelets on the same branch at the initial and mid filling stages, especially for the top grain on each primary branch. The results suggested that poor grain filling of late-flowering spikelets may be attributed to their low biological activity rather than carbohydrate supply limitation.
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