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•Chronic hyperglycemia impacts bone biology and changes in the bone ultrastructural organization.•Gene expression modulation of osteokines and their receptors in bone and brain ...tissue.•Epigenetic regulation of the osteokines Ocn and Lcn2 in the femur through DNA methylation.•Transcriptional repression of Fgfr1 and Gpr158 receptors in the Central Nervous System.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, mainly characterized by increased blood glucose and insulin dysfunction. In response to the persistent systemic hyperglycemic state, numerous metabolic and physiological complications have already been well characterized. However, its relationship to bone fragility, cognitive deficits and increased risk of dementia still needs to be better understood. The impact of chronic hyperglycemia on bone physiology and architecture was assessed in a model of chronic hyperglycemia induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. In addition, the bone-to-brain communication was investigated by analyzing the gene expression and methylation status of genes that encode the main osteokines released by the bone Fgf23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), Bglap (bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein) and Lcn2 (lipocalin 2) and their receptors in both, the bone and the brain Fgfr1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1), Gpr6A (G-protein coupled receptor family C group 6 member A), Gpr158 (G protein-coupled receptor 158) and Slc22a17 (Solute carrier family 22 member 17). It was observed that chronic hyperglycemia negatively impacted on bone biology and compromised the balance of the bone-brain endocrine axis. Ultrastructural disorganization was accompanied by global DNA hypomethylation and changes in gene expression of DNA-modifying enzymes that were accompanied by changes in the methylation status of the osteokine promoter region Bglap and Lcn2 (lipocalin 2) in the femur. Additionally, the chronic hyperglycemic state was accompanied by modulation of gene expression of the osteokines Fgf23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), Bglap (bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein) and Lcn2 (lipocalin 2) in the different brain regions. However, transcriptional regulation mediated by DNA methylation was observed only for the osteokine receptors, Fgfr1(fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) in the striatum and Gpr158 (G protein-coupled receptor 158) in the hippocampus. This is a pioneer study demonstrating that the chronic hyperglycemic state compromises the crosstalk between bone tissue and the brain, mainly affecting the hippocampus, through transcriptional silencing of the Bglap receptor by hypermethylation of Gpr158 gene.
Portfolio selection has been the subject of extensive studies in order to obtain increased returns, minimizing the investment risk. However, the most appropriate risk measure to be considered is ...still an open problem. The aim of this work is to study different risk measures in the multiobjective portfolios optimization with cardinality constraint and rebalancing. The in-sample analysis compares the fronts of each algorithm, metric and range of cardinality, and out-of-sample analysis compares the results of each measure of risk with each other and with two benchmarks. The returns of portfolios are compared in terms of assets choice and assignment of weights. Statistical tests are performed to verify if any measure of risk shows some superiority. Results indicate that downside risk measures can reduce the cardinality and the risk of financial drawdown without reducing drawup, once they are able to reduce just the negative historical returns scenarios.
O presente artigo advém de uma vivência realizada por uma turma do Curso de Aperfeiçoamento em Educação Popular em Saúde (EdpopSUS) do município de Lagarto-SE, com a comunidade indígena Xokós, ...alocada na terra Caiçara, às margens do Rio São Francisco, em Porto da Folha-SE. Objetiva relatar a vivência dos educandos do curso com a comunidade enquanto proposta de diálogo intercultural para a construção de saberes e a valorização dos modos de vida tradicionais. Para tanto, está centralizado na problematização dessa vivência, por meio do olhar da decolonialidade e da interculturalidade propostas pela Educação Popular em Saúde no encontro com a história e ancestralidade, trabalho e cultura, e modos de vida e produção de saúde, elementos vistos enquanto potentes expressões ancestrais do povo Xokó. Dessa forma, o diálogo proposto reafirma a vida e história desse povo ao passo em que se propõe a reorientar as práticas de saúde dos educandos do EdpopSUS.
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•E. uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract in zebrafish.•Evaluating the in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters.•Behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes ...was dose dependent.•In silico bergenin and its metabolites showed high intestinal absorption.•Bergenin inhibited CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19.
Endopleura uchi, is used for the treatment of inflammatory disease and related to the female reproductive tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the Endopleura uchi stem bark hydroethanolic extract (EEu) in zebrafish, emphasizing the histopathological and biochemical parameters, as well as evaluating the in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters of the phytochemical/pharmacological marker, bergenin, as their metabolites. The animals were orally treated with EEu at a single dose of 75 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg. the oral LD50 of the EEu higher to the dose of 3000 mg/kg. Behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes were dose dependent. In silico pharmacokinetic predictions for bergenin and its metabolites showed moderate absorption in high human intestinal absorption (HIA) and Caco-2 models, reduced plasma protein binding, by low brain tissue binding and no P-glycoprotein (P-Gp) inhibition. Their metabolism is defined by the CYP450 enzyme, in addition to bergenin inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. In the bergenin and its metabolites in silico toxicity test it have been shown to cause carcinogenicity and a greater involvement of the bergenin with the CYP enzymes in the I and II hepatic and renal metabolism’s phases was observed. It is possible to suggest that the histopathological damages are involved with the interaction of this major compound and its metabolites at the level of the cellular-biochemical mechanisms which involve the absorption, metabolization and excretion of these possible prodrug and drug.
Dental implants are especially susceptible to bacterial adhesion and so microbial contamination. Several techniques have been explored in order to obtain implant surfaces enriched with silver (Ag). ...The main challenge is to obtain a bactericidal effect keeping the surface biocompatible. In this regard plasma-assisted deposition is a very attractive technique due to its versatility and low environmental impact. Thus, the present work aimed at evaluating the chemical stability, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility of a commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) surface containing very low amounts of plasma-deposited Ag. Ag deposition obtained by 10 minutes sputtering was able to promote antibacterial action (around 30%) on a clearly cytocompatible Ti/Ag surface with no apparent impact on biocompatibility. Taken together these results indicate that the proposed deposition process has a great potential for dental implant application with the advantage of using very small amounts of silver to achieve efficacy.
O estudo objetivou investigar como ocorre a construção da identidade do policial militar a partir do estigma social, baseado na teoria de Slay e Smith (2011). Esta pesquisa foi realizada mediante ...entrevistas semiestruturadas com 14 aspirantes a oficial da Polícia Militar e analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que as influências iniciais foram de familiares policiais e pelo imaginário do policial-herói. Em relação as experiências profissionais, foi possível averiguar que o curso é um momento de transformação para a superação de seus limites e da cultura da abordagem policial violenta. A redefinição do eu ocorreu por meio da mudança de postura e desenvolvimento de responsabilidades. A redefiniçao da profissão ocorreu por meio do reconhecimento da comunidade e de seus pares. Por fim, a redefinição do estigma ocorreu por meio da compreensão da origem do estigma e assimilação da missão de servir e proteger.
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•UPLC-QTOF-MSE phenolic profile of the kombuchas was investigated.•103 phenolic compounds were identified and reported for the first time in kombuchas.•A higher antioxidant capacity ...was found in black tea kombucha.•Green tea kombucha had higher antibacterial and antiproliferative activites.
UPLC-QTOF-MSE phenolic profile of kombuchas produced from the fermentation of green tea or black tea at 25 °C for 10 days was investigated along with the determination of their antioxidant capacities, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. Overall, 127 phenolic compounds (70.2% flavonoids, 18.3% phenolic acids, 8.4% other polyphenols, 2.3% lignans and 0.8% stilbenes) were identified, with 103 phenolic compounds reported for the first time in kombuchas. A greater diversity and abundance of phenolic compounds was detected in black tea kombucha, which resulted in a higher antioxidant capacity. However, the green tea kombucha was the only one that presented antibacterial activity against all the bacteria tested and an increased antiproliferative activity against the cancer cell lines, which was attributed to the presence of catechins among the most abundant phenolic compounds and verbascoside as an exclusive compound. Thus, the type of tea used in the kombucha production interferes in its bioactive composition and properties.
Background and objectives: Urinary tract infections of community origin in the elderly are frequent. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and evolution of resistance of gram-negative bacteria ...to community-acquired urinary tract infection in the elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study, divided into two periods 2011-2012 and 2013-2015, carried out in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil from 2011 to 2015, with the participation of four clinical laboratories. All positive uroculture reports with the respective antibiogram were considered. Only the first report of each patient was included in the analysis, unless reinfection occurred three months after the first. Results: A total of 3,388 antibiograms were analyzed. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were successively E. coli (75.6%), K. pneumoniae, (16.6%) and Proteus spp. (5.7%). E. coli showed a high resistance rate for Sulfonamide (40.5%), Ciprofloxacin (35.0%) and increased resistance to 2nd Generation Cephalosporins (p = 0.007). The highest resistance rates in K. pneumonia were to Sulfonamide (35.2%), Nitrofurantoin (37.9%), Gemifloxacin (46.1%) and Ofloxacin (46.1%) with Increase in resistance evolution to Carbapenems (p = 0.03) and Cephalosporins of the 1st Generation (p = 0.049). For Proteus spp., the highest resistance were to Gemifloxacin (46.11%), Ofloxacin (46.11%), Nitrofurantoin (76.68%) and Levofloxacin (81.87%). Enterobacter spp., had greater resistance to Gemifloxacin (42.9%), Ofloxacin (42.9%), 1st Generation Cephalosporins (44.3%) and Levofloxacin (77.1%), with evolution of resistance to 2nd Generation Cephalosporin (p = 0.0057). Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial resistance was high for the main antimicrobials tested and a trend was identified for the increase of resistance among the analyzed microorganisms. KEYWORDS: Bacterial Infections. Enterobacteriaceae Infections. Anti-Infective Agents. Urinary tract. Escherichia coli.
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o impacto do estigma e da discriminação diante do sofrimento psíquico de adolescentes LGBT. Estudo qualitativo em serviço ambulatorial especializado de Saúde ...Mental Infantojuvenil, da Atenção Secundária da Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal. Participaram do estudo nove adolescentes. Entrevista em profundidade viabilizou a coleta de dados, cuja análise ocorreu com utilização do software Iramuteq e da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Intolerância à identidade de gênero e orientação sexual, fundamentada na heteronormatividade, viola direitos humanos e constitui relevante determinante social em saúde, e a superação dos sofrimentos psíquicos apresentados, articulada com o respeito aos direitos humanos da comunidade LGBT, constitui importante vetor para enfrentamento das iniquidades em saúde na adolescência. A discriminação de adolescentes LGBT é um determinante social que também deve ser enfrentado pelos serviços em saúde, pois ocasiona prejuízos, como a evasão escolar, falta de oportunidades, perda do vínculo familiar e comportamento suicida.
Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of stigma and discrimination against the LGBT adolescents’ psychic suffering. Qualitative study conducted in a specialized outpatient service of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Secondary Care of the Federal District’s Health Secretariat. Nine adolescents participated. In-depth interviews facilitated data collection, and data were analyzed with Iramuteq software and Bardin’s Content Analysis. Gender identity and sexual orientation intolerance based on heteronormativity violate human rights and are relevant social determinants in health, and overcoming the psychological distress problems identified, combined with respect for human rights of the LGBT community, is an essential vector for facing adolescent health inequalities. Discrimination against LGBT adolescents is a social determinant that health services must address since its leads to harmful consequences, such as school dropouts, lack of opportunities, family bond losses, and suicidal behavior.
•Phenolic profile of the black tea kombucha was investigated during fermentation.•The count of acetic and lactic acid bacteria has varied over the fermentation period.•The abundance of some ...flavonoids decreased during fermentation.•The abundance of phenolic acids increased during fermentation.•Black tea kombucha presented antimalarial activity.
This study shows the changes in physicochemical and microbiological composition, and in the phenolic profile of black tea kombucha during fermentation. In addition, the antimalarial potential of the kombucha was evaluated. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry multiplex analysis (UPLC-MSE) results revealed a 1.7 log2 fold-change increase in phenolics with the fermentation time, with emphasis on the increase of phenolic acids (0.3 log2 fold-change). Over time there was degradation of flavonoids such as nepetin, hesperidin and catechin 5-O-gallate, to the detriment of the increase in phenolic acids such as gallic acid and cinnamic acid. In addition, black tea kombucha presented antiplasmodic activity against the 3D7 (sensitive chloroquine) and W2 (resistant to chloroquine) strains. Therefore, important changes in the black tea kombucha phenolic profile take place during fermentation, which may help in the development of kombuchas with higher bioactive potential and contribute to a better understanding of the kombucha fermentation process.
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