The efficiency of the Data Acquisition (DAQ) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment for LHC Run 2 is constantly being improved. A significant factor affecting the data taking efficiency is the ...experience of the DAQ operator. One of the main responsibilities of the DAQ operator is to carry out the proper recovery procedure in case of failure of data-taking. At the start of Run 2, understanding the problem and finding the right remedy could take a considerable amount of time (up to many minutes). Operators heavily relied on the support of on-call experts, also outside working hours. Wrong decisions due to time pressure sometimes lead to an additional overhead in recovery time. To increase the efficiency of CMS data-taking we developed a new expert system, the DAQExpert, which provides shifters with optimal recovery suggestions instantly when a failure occurs. DAQExpert is a web application analyzing frequently updating monitoring data from all DAQ components and identifying problems based on expert knowledge expressed in small, independent logic-modules written in Java. Its results are presented in real-time in the control room via a web-based GUI and a sound-system in a form of short description of the current failure, and steps to recover.
The upgraded High Luminosity LHC, after the third Long Shutdown (LS3), will provide an instantaneous luminosity of 7.5 × 1034 cm−2s−1 (levelled), at the price of extreme pileup of up to 200 ...interactions per crossing. In LS3, the CMS Detector will also undergo a major upgrade to prepare for the phase-2 of the LHC physics program, starting around 2025. The upgraded detector will be read out at an unprecedented data rate of up to 50 Tb/s and an event rate of 750 kHz. Complete events will be analysed by software algorithms running on standard processing nodes, and selected events will be stored permanently at a rate of up to 10 kHz for offline processing and analysis. In this paper we discuss the baseline design of the DAQ and HLT systems for the phase-2, taking into account the projected evolution of high speed network fabrics for event building and distribution, and the anticipated performance of general purpose CPU. Implications on hardware and infrastructure requirements for the DAQ "data center" are analysed. Emerging technologies for data reduction are considered. Novel possible approaches to event building and online processing, inspired by trending developments in other areas of computing dealing with large masses of data, are also examined. We conclude by discussing the opportunities offered by reading out and processing parts of the detector, wherever the front-end electronics allows, at the machine clock rate (40 MHz). This idea presents interesting challenges and its physics potential should be studied.
Performance of the CMS Event Builder Andre, J-M; Behrens, U; Branson, J ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
10/2017, Letnik:
898, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The data acquisition system (DAQ) of the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider assembles events at a rate of 100 kHz, transporting event data at an aggregate throughput of O(100GB/s) to ...the high-level trigger farm. The DAQ architecture is based on state-of-the-art network technologies for the event building. For the data concentration, 10/40 Gbit/s Ethernet technologies are used together with a reduced TCP/IP protocol implemented in FPGA for a reliable transport between custom electronics and commercial computing hardware. A 56 Gbit/s Infiniband FDR Clos network has been chosen for the event builder. This paper presents the implementation and performance of the event-building system.
During Run-1 of the LHC, many operational procedures have been automated in the run control system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. When detector high voltages are ramped up or down or ...upon certain beam mode changes of the LHC, the DAQ system is automatically partially reconfigured with new parameters. Certain types of errors such as errors caused by single-event upsets may trigger an automatic recovery procedure. Furthermore, the top-level control node continuously performs cross-checks to detect sub-system actions becoming necessary because of changes in configuration keys, changes in the set of included front-end drivers or because of potential clock instabilities. The operator is guided to perform the necessary actions through graphical indicators displayed next to the relevant command buttons in the user interface. Through these indicators, consistent configuration of CMS is ensured. However, manually following the indicators can still be inefficient at times. A new assistant to the operator has therefore been developed that can automatically perform all the necessary actions in a streamlined order. If additional problems arise, the new assistant tries to automatically recover from these. With the new assistant, a run can be started from any state of the sub-systems with a single click. An ongoing run may be recovered with a single click, once the appropriate recovery action has been selected. We review the automation features of CMS Run Control and discuss the new assistant in detail including first operational experience.
Les acteurs de la pêche et de l’agriculture (professionnels, institutions d'enseignement, techniciens, organisations professionnelles et syndicales, politiques et législateurs, chercheurs, ...consommateurs…) font l'expérience de l’évolution des techniques et des droits à produire et à prélever la ressource vivante. Les agriculteurs et les pêcheurs se questionnent sur les raisons de faire leur métier, de s’y maintenir et de le transformer par de nouveaux modes de transmission, de débat et par de nouvelles solidarités. Les auteurs, des chercheurs en sciences sociales et des professionnels des deux filières, examinent les situations les plus propices au développement de nouvelles raisons d'agir et de nouveaux savoirs : débats sur la gestion des ressources renouvelables, décisions relatives au contenu du métier et à sa transmission, mutations professionnelles ou encore nouvelle division du travail. Les situations présentées permettent un éclairage contrasté des secteurs de la pêche et de l'agriculture, et plus particulièrement : – de l’évolution des raisons d’agir et des savoirs des professionnels, des scientifiques, des législateurs mais aussi des nouveaux arrivants, notamment dans leur rapport à l’écologie. Comment de nouvelles raisons d’agir et de nouveaux savoirs émergent-ils des divisions et des conflits ? – des transformations du travail et de la formation professionnelle dans les deux secteurs. Comment les référentiels de formation et les pratiques didactiques modifient-ils les enjeux cognitifs, environnementaux, économiques et sociaux des activités de pêche et d’agriculture ? Ces questions majeures intéresseront à la fois les pêcheurs et les agriculteurs, les concepteurs de politiques publiques et les scientifiques.
Par le développement d’un savoir propre à son instrument, le pêcheur en vient à élargir son répertoire d’actions et à accroître ses capacités d’anticipation pour un meilleur entretien de l’outil au ...quotidien et une meilleure gestion des imprévus générés par l’activité. À travers le rapport à l’outil, c’est donc une perception plus accrue de son environnement de travail qui s’ouvre au pêcheur et une capacité à développer une ...
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