Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the microbiome may have significant impact on the development of lung cancer by its effects on inflammation, dysbiosis or genome damage. The aim of this study ...was to compare the sputum microbiome of lung cancer (LC) patients with the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 66 men with untreated LC were compared with 62 control subjects with respect to CA and MN frequency and centromere fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis. Results showed a significant increase in CA (4.11 ± 2.48% versus 2.08 ± 1.18%) and MN (1.53 ± 0.67% versus 0.87 ± 0.49%) frequencies, respectively, in LC patients as compared to control subjects. The higher frequency of centromeric positive MN of LC patients was mainly due to aneuploidy. A significant increase in Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gemella and Haemophilus in LC patients was detected, in comparison to the control subjects while 18 bacterial genera were significantly reduced, which indicates a decrease in the beta diversity in the microbiome of LC patients. Although, the CA frequency in LC patients is significantly associated with an increased presence of the genera Bacteroides, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Porphyromonas, Mycoplasma and Fusobacterium in their sputum, and a decrease for the genus Granulicatella after application of false discovery rate correction, significance was not any more present. The decrease of MN frequency of LC patients is significantly associated with an increase in Megasphaera genera and Selenomonas bovis. In conclusion, a significant difference in beta diversity of microbiome between LC and control subjects and association between the sputum microbiome composition and genome damage of LC patients was detected, thus supporting previous studies suggesting an etiological connection between the airway microbiome and LC.
Here we report a pilot-sized study to compare the taxonomic composition of sputum microbiome in 17 newly-diagnosed lung cancer (LC) patients and 17 controls. Another object was to compare the ...representation of individual bacterial genera and species in sputum with the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the blood lymphocytes of LC patients and in controls. Both groups were male; average age 56.1 ± 11.5 in patients and 55.7 ± 4.1 in controls. Differences in the species composition of bacterial communities in LC patients and controls were significant (pseudo-F = 1.94; p = 0.005). Increased prevalence in LC patients was detected for the genera Haemophilus and Bergeyella; whereas a decrease was observed for the genera Atopobium, Stomatobaculum, Treponema and Porphyromonas. Donors with high frequencies of chromosomal aberrations had a significant reduction in the microbiome of representatives of the genus Atopobium in the microbiome and a simultaneous increase in representatives of the species Alloprevotella compared to donors with a low level of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes. Thus, a comparison of the bacterial composition in the sputum of donors with cytogenetic damages in theirs lymphocytes, warrants further investigations on the potential role of microorganisms in the process of mutagenesis in somatic cells of the host body.
Recent studies have shown that the bacterial microbiome of the respiratory tract influences the development of lung cancer. Changes in the composition of the microbiome are observed in patients with ...chronic inflammatory processes. Such microbiome changes may include the occurrence of bacteria that cause oxidative stress and that are capable of causing genome damage in the cells of the host organism directly and indirectly. To date, the composition of the respiratory microbiome in patients with various histological variants of lung cancer has not been studied. In the present study, we determined the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, 52 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 52 healthy control donors, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the V3-V4 region of the bacterial gene encoding 16S rRNA. The sputum microbiomes of patients with different histological types of lung cancer and controls did not show significant differences in terms of the species richness index (Shannon); however, the patients differed from the controls in terms of evenness index (Pielou). The structures of bacterial communities (beta diversity) in the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups were also similar; however, when analyzed according to the matrix constructed by the Bray-Curtis method, there were differences between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and healthy subjects, but not between those with adenocarcinoma and controls. Using the LEFse method it was possible to identify an increase in the content of Bacillota (Streptococcus and Bacillus) and Actinomycetota (Rothia) in the sputum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma when compared with samples from patients with adenocarcinoma. There were no differences in the content of bacteria between the samples of patients with adenocarcinoma and the control ones. The content of representatives of the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, Peptostreptococcus (phylum Bacillota), Prevotella, Macellibacteroides (phylum Bacteroidota), Rothia (phylum Actinomycetota) and Actinobacillus (phylum Pseudomonadota) was increased in the microbiome of sputum samples from patients with squamous cell carcinoma, compared with the control. Thus, the sputum bacterial microbiome of patients with different histological types of non-small-cell lung cancer has significant differences. Further research should be devoted to the search for microbiome biomarkers of lung cancer at the level of bacterial species using whole-genome sequencing.
A
bstract
The cross section of the process
e
+
e
−
→
π
+
π
−
has been measured in the Spherical Neutral Detector (SND) experiment at the VEPP-2000
e
+
e
−
collider VEPP-2000 in the energy region 525
...<
s
<
883 MeV. The measurement is based on data with an integrated luminosity of about 4.6 pb
−
1
. The systematic uncertainty of the cross section determination is 0.8% at
s
>
0
.
600 GeV. The
ρ
meson parameters are obtained as
m
ρ
= 775
.
3 ± 0
.
5 ± 0
.
6 MeV, Γ
ρ
= 145
.
6 ± 0
.
6 ± 0
.
8 MeV,
B
ρ
→
e
+
e−
×
B
ρ
→
π
+
π−
= (4
.
89 ± 0
.
02 ± 0
.
04) × 10
−
5
, and the parameters of the
e
+
e
−
→
ω
→
π
+
π
−
process, suppressed by
G
-parity, as
B
ω
→
e
+
e−
×
B
ω
→
π
+
π−
= (1
.
32 ± 0
.
06 ± 0
.
02) × 10
−
6
and and
ϕ
ρω
= 110
.
7 ± 1
.
5 ± 1
.
0 degrees.
The results of the study of optical absorption and EPR signals of single crystals of zinc oxide doped with manganese are presented. A broad impurity absorption band with the threshold energy about ...2.1 eV, which was treated as a result of charge transfer transitions, has been observed for a long time in ZnO : Mn absorption spectra. In absorption spectra of a polarized light at 4.2 and 77.3 K, we first detected several lines of different intensity in a 1.877–1.936 eV range of energies of the light quanta. The observed lines are attributed to a donor exciton (
d
5
+
h
)
e
that emerges as a result of the Coulomb binding a free
s
electron and a hole, which is localized on
p
–
d
hybridized states. The EPR spectra of Mn
2+
ion signals, when corresponding to the impurity absorption band exposed to light, are found to be not photosensitive. The obtained results indicate that the ZnO : Mn impurity absorption is due to transitions from antibonding
p
–
d
hybridized DBH states to the conduction band.
•BMImCl-based ILs do not crystallize when cooled to –100 °C at rate of 10 °C∙min−1.•The presence of glass transition in BMImCl-based ILs was determined by DSC.•Conductivity hysteresis was observed in ...EMImCl-based ILs near the melting point.•BMImCl-based ILs remain liquid at temperatures above −35 °C.•BMImCl-based ILs can be used in AIB at temperatures below zero.
The paper discusses the feasibility of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMImCl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMImCl) chloroaluminate ionic liquids (ILs) as electrolytes for aluminum-ion batteries capable of delivering high performance at subzero temperatures. The melting temperatures of AlCl3–EMImCl and AlCl3–BMImCl ILs with the molar ratio of aluminum chloride to the chloride of imidazolium salt (N) equal to 1.3 and 1.5 were determined using DSC. The melting temperature of AlCl3–EMImCl is –21 and –32 °C at N = 1.3 and N = 1.5, respectively. The conductivity of AlCl3–EMImCl IL increases sharply at heating and decreases sharply near its melting temperature at cooling. The DSC curves for BMImCl-based ILs do not contain any peaks related to the melting or crystallization of the IL, and temperature dependences of conductivity contain no inflection points. Galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry demonstrated efficient performance of the aluminum-ion battery with an aluminum anode, graphene cathode and AlCl3–BMImCl IL, which delivered coulombic efficiency approaching 100 % at temperatures as low as –30 °C. The capacity of the graphene cathode was found to be 82.4, 63.0 and 48.5 mA∙h∙g−1 at 0, –20 and –30 °C, respectively.
Abstract
This study describes a mathematical model of deflection of a steel medical injection needle during its motion in the soft tissue phantom (imitation of human tissues). This model is necessary ...for adjustment of robotically assisted systems during brachytherapy procedures or similar operations where high precision needle tip positioning is prerequisite. Since the needle tip is asymmetrical, the needle will deform when moving in human tissues and consequently deflect from the rectirectilinear motion. Thus, by inserting and rotating the needle around its axis the needle tip can be led along the predetermined path. This study adopts a new approach to describe an external impact on the needle when it moves inside human tissues and also describes 2
D
and 3
D
models, a process of selection of coefficients for 3D models, and provides simulation results.
The process
e
+
e
-
→
n
n
¯
is studied in the experiment at the VEPP-2000
e
+
e
-
collider with the SND detector. The technique of the time measurements in the multichannel NaI(Tl) electromagnetic ...calorimeter is used to select
n
n
¯
events. The value of the measured cross section in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.894 to 2 GeV varies from 0.5 to 0.35 nb. The effective neutron timelike form factor is derived from the measured cross section and compared with the proton form factor. The ratio of the neutron electric and magnetic form factors is obtained from the analysis of the antineutron polar angle distribution and found to be consistent with unity.
The paper presents results of study of the dependence of the Ni-Mn-In film's composition on the annealing parameters, data of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis (EDX ...spectroscopy). The Influence of annealing of a film in vacuum on the chemical composition is shown. The content of manganese and indium decreases sharply with a rise in temperature up to 900 °C, and in a heating time up to 2 hours. The ferromagnetic Curie point in the investigated Ni-Mn-In films is observed. A decrease of the width of the ferromagnet-paramagnet transition results in the improvement of the crystallinity of the sample after annealing.
The phenomenon of non-equilibrium grain boundaries and interphase boundaries is very important for materials science. They can be found in materials after sever plastic deformation, rapid quenching ...etc. In the present work, the influence of interface stresses on the energy of Cu/W interphase boundaries during the thermal degradation of Cu/W nano-multilayers is revealed. As rationalized on the basis of a modified Young equation, the large interface stress in the as-deposited NML decreases the thermodynamic driving force for the thermal grooving of W/W GBs. The experimentally derived interface stress linearly decreases with increasing annealing temperature. The onset of NML degradation, as initiated by grooving, only sets in after complete relaxation of the interface stress at around 650°C. The thus obtained fundamental knowledge may be exploited to tailor the thermal stability of immiscible NML systems and other types of immiscible nanomaterials by controlling the interface stress level during material synthesis.
Display omitted
PDF
