This study aimed to assess the long-term fluctuations in water quality and the influence of Yellow River water recharge and climatic condition on the water environmental index of a typical ...brackish-water lake. This study investigated several surface water quality parameters and their relationships with the water quality index (WQI) and trophic status index (TSI) of Shahu Lake from 2011 to 2018. A health risk assessment was conducted, and the correlations among water recharge, climatic conditions, and the aforementioned elements were determined. Results show that the water quality in this lake went from good to moderate and back to good as reflected in the changes in its WQI values from 2011 to 2018. The relative water quality inferiority of this lake in 2015 and 2016 was attributed to the significant increase in its CODMn, TP, TN, NH3–N, and fluoride (F−) concentrations during these years. A combination of these parameters could rapidly predict water quality through a stepwise multiple linear regression. During the study period (except in the frozen season), Shahu Lake maintained a eutrophic status every month (especially in July) irrespective of the spatial changes resulting from low secchi depth and high TP. The limiting nutrient of Shahu Lake changed from phosphorus to both nitrogen and phosphorus, especially during summer, due to seasonal variations and exogenous inputs. The lake had an acceptable health risk level, and water recharge both had positive and negative effects on this lake as reflected in the significant decrease or increase in the concentrations of its principal parameters. This condition was also attributed to temperature and precipitation, which resulted in significant TSI variations. The findings of this study provide ways of estimating and forecasting water quality and trophic status and a basis for managing and improving similar brackish-water lakes.
•Annual WQI in good or moderate state, annual TSI in eutrophic status of Shahu Lake.•F−, CODMn, TP, TN, NH3–N were the main indexes to predict water quality.•The values of HI and CR were within the acceptable risk levels.•Water recharge significantly increased TP, F−, CODMn, and WQI but decreased chl-a.•TSI had significant relationships with air temperature and precipitation.
Display omitted
Endosomal escape and subsequent cytosolic delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics is believed to be highly inefficient. Since it has not been possible to quantify cytosolic amounts of ...delivered siRNA at therapeutic doses, determining delivery bottlenecks and total efficiency has been difficult. Here, we present a confocal microscopy-based method to quantify cytosolic delivery of fluorescently labeled siRNA during lipid-mediated delivery. This method enables detection and quantification of sub-nanomolar cytosolic siRNA release amounts from individual release events with measures of quantitation confidence for each event. Single-cell kinetics of siRNA-mediated knockdown in cells expressing destabilized eGFP unveiled a dose-response relationship with respect to knockdown induction, depth and duration in the range from several hundred to thousands of cytosolic siRNA molecules. Accurate quantification of cytosolic siRNA, and the establishment of the intracellular dose-response relationships, will aid the development and characterization of novel delivery strategies for nucleic acid therapeutics.
Controlled release system based on mesoporous silica (MS) nanomaterials has drawn great attention over the past decades due to its potential biomedical applications. Herein, a light-responsive ...release system based on MS nanoparticles was achieved by adjusting the wetting of the MS surface. At the starting stage, the surface of MS modified with optimal ratio of spiropyran to fluorinated silane (MS-FSP) was protected from being wetted by water, successfully inhibiting the release of model cargo molecules, fluorescein disodium (FD). Upon irradiation with 365 nm UV light, the conformational conversion of spiropyran from a "closed" state to an "open" state caused the surface to be wetted, leading to the release of FD from the pores. The further in vitro studies demonstrated the system loaded with anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) could be effectively controlled to release the drug by UV light stimuli to enhance cytotoxicity for EA.hy926 cells and HeLa cells. This wettability-determined smart release platform could be triggered by remote stimuli, which might hold promise in the applications of drug delivery and cancer therapy.
The maturity of sedimentary organic matter is a key parameter for evaluating oil and gas resources. Existing maturity indicators have different evaluation principles and application scopes. This ...study investigated samples of high to overmature lacustrine source rocks (Ro = 1.33%–4.24%) from the deep Shahezi formation in the Songliao basin, including the zone of catagenesis and metagenesis. Various methods, including vitrinite reflectance, Tmax, laser Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were used to evaluate the samples' maturity. Through laser Raman analysis of representative samples from the Shahezi formation, most laser Raman parameters showed an inflection point or reversal when the thermal evolution of deep source rocks in the Shahezi formation reaches a certain stage. The variation trend of some Raman parameters and Ro has strong regularity (1.33% < Ro < 3.52%). Based on FT-ICR MS, this research analyzed the relative content and molecular composition of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds in soluble organic matter of lake source rock samples and comparison samples (marine shale). Quantitative maturity evaluation of organic matter was performed by converting the signal intensity of each compound. The fitting results of maturity parameter based on FT-ICR MS and Tmax indicated that the maturity parameter of the samples have high coefficient of correlations with maturity in the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) range of 1.33%–2.5% and the Tmax range of 420 °C–600 °C. The maturity parameter values decreased as Ro exceeded 2.5% and Tmax exceeded 600 °C. These findings are attributed to the thermal stability of organic compounds and the formation of pyrobitumen and graphite. The parameters of laser Raman spectroscopy also confirmed the growth of aromatic rings reflected by the maturity parameters of FT-ICR MS. These two methods revealed the structural changes of organic matter in the thermal evolution process from multiple perspectives and provided insights for the maturity evaluation of deep source rocks.
•Thermal evolution of target organic matter is characterized from soluble bitumen to insoluble kerogen and pyrobitumen.•Inversions of maturity parameters indicated from FT-ICR MS are revealed.•Insights of maturity evaluation are presented at very advanced levels of thermal stress.
Atomically layered 2D crystals such as transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide an enchanting landscape for optoelectronic applications due to their unique atomic structures. They have been ...most intensively studied with 2H phase for easy fabrication and manipulation. 1T phase material could possess better electrocatalytic and photocatalytic properties, while they are difficult to fabricate. Herein, for the first time, the atomically layered 1T phase tin diselenides (SnSe2, III‐IV compound) are successfully exfoliated by the method of mechanical exfoliation from bulk single crystals, grown via the chemical vapor transport method without transport gas. More attractively, the high performance atomically layered SnSe2 photodetector has been first successfully fabricated, which displays a good responsivity of 0.5 A W−1 and a fast photoresponse down to ≈2 ms at room temperature, one of the fastest response times among all types of 2D photodetectors. It makes SnSe2 a promising candidate for high performance optoelectronic devices. Moreover, high performance bilayered SnSe2 field‐effect transistors are also demonstrated with a mobility of ≈4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an on/off ratio of 103 at room temperature. The results demonstrate that few layered 1T TMD materials are relatively stable in air and can be exploited for various electrical and optical applications.
A high performance atomically layered SnSe2 photodetector has been first successfully fabricated for the first time. The photodetector displays a good responsivity of 0.5 A W−1 and a fast photoresponse down to ≈2 ms at room temperature, one of the fastest response times among all types of 2D photodetectors.
The close association of soil organic carbon (SOC) with Fe oxides is an important stabilization mechanism for soil organic matter (SOM) against biodegradation. Soil conditioners are of great ...importance in improving soil quality and soil health. Yet it remains unclear how different conditioners would affect the fractionation of SOC, particularly the Fe-bound organic carbon (Fe-OC). Field-based experiments were conducted in farmland to explore the fractionation of organic carbon (OC) and Fe oxides under the effects of three different soil conditioners (mineral, organic, and microbial conditioners). The results showed that all soil conditioners increased the total OC and Fe-OC contents, with the contribution of Fe-OC to total OC increasing from 1.57% to 2.99%. The low OC/Fe molar ratio indicated that surface adsorption played a crucial role in soil Fe-OC accumulation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results suggested that soil conditioner altered the composition of SOM, accelerating O-alkyl C degradation and increasing recalcitrant alkyl C and aromatic C sequestration. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis indicated that all conditioners promoted the association of OC and Fe oxides. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of 13C isotope and synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the mineral conditioner enhanced the association of microbial-derived OC and Fe oxides, whereas the organic conditioner increased the association of plant-derived OC with Fe oxides. These findings provide important insights into the potential mechanisms through which soil conditioners regulate the stability of OC and guide agricultural management.
Display omitted
•The association between OC and Fe oxides is a crucial stabilization mechanism of SOM.•Soil conditioners increased the formation of Fe-OC and recalcitrance of OC.•Organic conditioner sequestered more Fe-OC than mineral conditioner.•Multiple combinations of technologies provide in situ molecular interaction of Fe-OC.
The most abundant human milk oligosaccharide in breast milk, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), has been approved as an additive to infant formula due to its multifarious nutraceutical and pharmaceutical ...functions in promoting neonate health. However, the low efficiency of de novo synthesis limits the cost-efficient bioproduction of 2'-FL.
This study achieved 2'-FL de novo synthesis in a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) strain Bacillus subtilis. First, a de novo biosynthetic pathway for 2'-FL was introduced by expressing the manB, manC, gmd, wcaG, and futC genes from Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori in B. subtilis, resulting in 2'-FL production of 1.12 g/L. Subsequently, a 2'-FL titer of 2.57 g/L was obtained by reducing the competitive lactose consumption, increasing the regeneration of the cofactor guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP), and enhancing the supply of the precursor mannose-6-phosphate (M6P). By replacing the native promoter of endogenous manA gene (encoding M6P isomerase) with a constitutive promoter P7, the 2'-FL titer in shake flask reached 18.27 g/L. The finally engineered strain BS21 could produce 88.3 g/L 2'-FL with a yield of 0.61 g/g lactose in a 3-L bioreactor, without the addition of antibiotics and chemical inducers.
The efficient de novo synthesis of 2'-FL can be achieved by the engineered B. subtilis, paving the way for the large-scale bioproduction of 2'-FL titer in the future.
There is no clear treatment guideline or individualized treatment plan for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The aim of this study was to investigate more effective targets for TNBC-targeted ...therapy. MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cell lines were used to explore the function of LINC00649 on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TNBC cells. A mice subcutaneous tumor model and a pulmonary metastasis model was established to identify the role of LINC00649 on the growth and metastasis of TNBC in vivo. LINC00649 was found to be a key molecule involved in the occurrence and development of TNBC by screening of public databases and detection of TNBC clinical samples. LINC00649 increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) mRNA stability and protein expression by interacting with the nuclear factor 90 (NF90)/NF45 complex. In vitro, interference with LINC00649 inhibits MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the addition of HIF-1α revised this effect. In vivo experiments showed that LINC00649 promoted the growth and metastasis of TNBC. We demonstrated that LINC00649 interacts with the NF90/NF45 complex to increase the mRNA stability of HIF-1α and up-regulate HIF-1α expression, thereby inducing the proliferation, invasion, and migration of TNBC cells as well as tumor growth and metastasis.
Objective
To determine the impacts of concurrent aerobic and resistance training on vascular structure (IMT) and function (PWV, FMD, NMD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods
The electronic databases ...PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched for articles on “type 2 diabetes” and “concurrent training” published from inception to August 2, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of concurrent training versus passive controls on IMT, PWV, FMD and NMD in T2D.
Results
Ten studies were eligible, including a total of 361 participants. For IMT, concurrent training showed a slight decrease by 0.05 mm (95% CI −0.11 to 0.01, p > 0.05). concurrent training induced an overall significant improvement in FMD by 1.47% (95% CI 0.15 to 2.79, p < 0.05) and PWV by 0.66 m/s (95% CI −0.89 to −0.43, p < 0.01) in type 2 diabetics. However, concurrent training seemed to exaggerate the impaired NMD (WMD = −2.30%, 95% CI −4.02 to −0.58, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Concurrent training is an effective method to improve endothelial function and artery stiffness in T2D. However, within 24 weeks concurrent training exacerbates vascular smooth muscle dysfunction. More research is needed to explore whether longer and/or higher-intensity concurrent training interventions could enhance the vascular structure and smooth muscle function in this population.
Systematic review registration
www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
, identifier CRD42022350604.
Display omitted
•Lithologies of deep multi-type unconventional gas reservoirs distinguished.•Different gas-bearing reservoirs identified by the selected logging parameters.•Reservoirs of Shahezi ...formation conducive to gas accumulation.•Hydrogen-rich gas occurrence at depth in the Songliao basin.
Multi-type unconventional gas-bearing reservoirs with different lithologies and gas accumulation potential occur in the deep part of the Songliao basin. However, the reservoirs are non-homogeneous, the gas components differ substantially, and not all types of gas-bearing reservoirs have been identified or evaluated. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) is used as an example to conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluations of deep multi-type unconventional gas-bearing reservoirs using conventional and specialized logging data. The core test data are used to determine the physical properties. The porosity and permeability are compared and analyzed using different methods and models. The results show that the reservoirs have low to ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability. Based on the comparison of the rock mechanical parameters and mineral composition, brittleness evaluation parameters are proposed for different types of deep reservoirs in the study region. The mineral brittleness index is highly consistent with the brittleness index based on rock mechanics. An identification method for deep multi-type gas-bearing reservoir and a classification approach for different gas properties are established based on the logging response and parameter interpretation. The methane gas reservoirs have low density (DEN) and low compensated neutron logging (CNL) values and high acoustic (AC) time difference and high resistivity (RT) values. The CO2 gas reservoirs have lower RT values and higher CNL values than the hydrocarbon gas reservoirs. The comprehensive analysis of deep gas source rock conditions and of the source-reservoir relationship provides insights for the evaluation of deep multi-type unconventional gas reservoirs. The discovery of high hydrogen content is of significant importance for developing new areas for deep natural gas exploration.
PDF
