Abstract
The Eukaryotic Pathogen, Vector and Host Informatics Resource (VEuPathDB, https://veupathdb.org) is a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by the National Institutes of Health with ...additional funding from the Wellcome Trust. VEuPathDB supports >600 organisms that comprise invertebrate vectors, eukaryotic pathogens (protists and fungi) and relevant free-living or non-pathogenic species or hosts. Since 2004, VEuPathDB has analyzed omics data from the public domain using contemporary bioinformatic workflows, including orthology predictions via OrthoMCL, and integrated the analysis results with analysis tools, visualizations, and advanced search capabilities. The unique data mining platform coupled with >3000 pre-analyzed data sets facilitates the exploration of pertinent omics data in support of hypothesis driven research. Comparisons are easily made across data sets, data types and organisms. A Galaxy workspace offers the opportunity for the analysis of private large-scale datasets and for porting to VEuPathDB for comparisons with integrated data. The MapVEu tool provides a platform for exploration of spatially resolved data such as vector surveillance and insecticide resistance monitoring. To address the growing body of omics data and advances in laboratory techniques, VEuPathDB has added several new data types, searches and features, improved the Galaxy workspace environment, redesigned the MapVEu interface and updated the infrastructure to accommodate these changes.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Mimicking natural nitrogenase to create highly efficient single‐atom catalysts (SACs) for ambient N2 fixation is highly desired, but still challenging. Herein, S‐coordinated Fe SACs on mesoporous ...TiO2 have been constructed by a lattice‐confined strategy. The extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra demonstrate that Fe atoms are anchored in TiO2 lattice via the FeS2O2 coordination configuration. Theoretical calculations reveal that FeS2O2 sites are the active centers for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Moreover, the finite element analysis shows that confinement of opened and ordered mesopores can facilitate the mass transport and offer an enlarged active surface area for NRR. As a result, this catalyst delivers a favorable NH3 yield rate of 18.3 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 with a high Faradaic efficiency of 17.3 % at −0.20 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode. Most importantly, this lattice‐confined strategy is universal and can also be applied to Ni1Sx@TiO2, Co1Sx@TiO2, Mo1Sx@TiO2, and Cu1Sx@TiO2 SACs. Our study provides new hints for the design and biomimetic synthesis of highly efficient NRR electrocatalysts.
S‐coordinated Fe single‐atom catalysts on mesoporous TiO2 have been constructed by a universal lattice‐confined strategy. This catalyst shows a unique nanoconfinement effect for the mass transfer and maximizes the active sites to mimic nitrogenase for ambient electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction.
In the realm of multimodal multi-object tracking (MOT) applications based on point clouds and images, the current research predominantly focuses on enhancing tracking accuracy, often neglecting the ...issue of computational efficiency. Consequently, these models often struggle to exhibit optimal tracking capabilities in scenarios demanding high real-time performance. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a fast multi-object tracking model based on multimodal fusion (MF-Net). The model is divided into three primary modules: object detection, multimodal fusion, and trajectory matching. Firstly, a 2D detector is used to identify objects in the image and compute their posterior estimate, and a 3D classification network extracts the foreground points of the object from the point cloud. Subsequently, a perspective projection module is then designed to determine the transformation matrix and the minimum number of vertex pairs that map the coordinates of the foreground points onto a 2D plane. Based on the model, a Planar Gaussian Function (PGF) model was constructed to fit small and hard objects that were missed in the image according to the foreground points, thus compensating for the limitations of 2D detectors and ensuring accuracy while reducing training time. Finally, the merged object performs trajectory matching. The performance of MF-Net has been verified through experiments in plenty conducted on publicly available KITTI and nuScenes datasets. In comparison to existing competitive models, our algorithm demonstrates a substantial enhancement in both detection and tracking performance, achieving satisfactory accuracy but showcasing superior real-time efficiency. The MF-Net's source code is obtained at https://github.com/ShiruiTian/MFNet .
Background:
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is caused by unaccustomed exercise, especially eccentric exercise, and is highly likely to cause skeletal muscle injury. It mainly manifests as ...ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle, as well as decreased muscle strength, muscle soreness, swelling, and elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK). Vibration training (VT) has been attracting increasing attention as a new type of rehabilitation therapy. It can effectively minimize the occurrence and relieve the symptoms of DOMS, reduce muscle stiffness and soreness, and reduce serum concentrations of CK and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This article systematically assessed the impact of VT on the mitigation of DOMS through a meta-analysis to provide updated evidence-based information.
Methods:
Electronic databases such as China Knowledge Network, VIP Electronics, PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of VT on DOMS. Searches were performed from database creation to November 2021. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane Manual for the Systematic Review of Interventions, and meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software.
Results:
VT intervention in DOMS was shown to effectively reduce subjective pain, improve pain tolerance, and accelerate the reduction of serum CK and LDH concentrations. Subgroup analysis of different test time periods showed that subjective pain decreased more significantly after 48 hours than after the other 2 time periods, and pain tolerance increased more significantly after 72 hours than the other 2 time periods; serum CK was significantly increased after 24 and 48 hours of intervention, but showed no significant change compared with the control group after 72 hours. Serum LDH decreased significantly after 24 hours of intervention, but there was no significant difference compared with the control group after 48 hours or 72 hours.
Conclusion:
VT effectively reduced the subjective pain sensation after DOMS, increased the pain threshold, reduced serum LDH and CK concentrations, and accelerated muscle damage repair compared with control interventions. However, the effect of improving the range of motion of the joints is not clear and should be studied further.
Registration
number: INPLASY2021120115.
•An UPLC-MS/MS assay for screening AChE inhibition of aqueous samples was developed.•Sensitivity of the proposed assay is 120 times higher than the Ellman’s method.•Adjusting sample pH to 2.5 could ...end enzymatic reaction and eliminate matrix effect.•AChE inhibition of water samples is better correlated to DOC than UV254 value.
A sensitive assay was developed to evaluate inhibitory effects of aqueous solution on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity via measuring hydrolysis rates of acetylcholine (ACh) based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Upon having identified precursor ions and product ions of the ACh and its hydrolysis products choline (Ch), the separation chromatogram for these two analytes has been established using a 50 mm reverse-phase BEH Shield RP18 column. The total chromatographic separation time is 7 min; limits of detection (LODs) for ACh and Ch are 0.14 µg L−1 and 0.12 µg L−1, respectively. A simple method for inactivation of AChE and optimization of operational parameters were then sequentially performed. It was found that adjusting solution pH to 2.5 not only can terminate the enzymatic reaction but also solve band shifting and broadening caused by aqueous matrices in chromatographic separation during UPLC-MS/MS detection. Under conditions of 0.00075 U mL−1 AChE, initial concentration of ACh at 100 µg L−1 and 20 min observation time, IC50 values of the proposed assay for chlorpyrifos-oxon, diazoxon, malaoxon, methidathion oxon, omethoate and paraoxon were 3.5 nM, 16.8 nM, 2.4 nM, 6.8 nM, 270 nM and 36.9 nM, respectively. They are 4.5–51.9 times smaller than those reported in a LC-MS based method, and >120 times lower than those obtained by the traditional Ellman method. The results suggested that, the proposed assay significantly increases the sensitivity of commercial AChE. In addition, inhibition efficiencies of three surface waters, a groundwater and four commercial brands of bottled drinking water samples on AChE activity were firstly measured using this UPLC-MS/MS based method. These water samples were proved to have different inhibitory effects on AChE activity, and the inhibition efficiencies dependent on concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) but are independent of UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) values. These results indicate that the proposed method has advantages of high sensitivity over all other conventional methods. It may become a promising AChE inhibition assay for assessing toxicity of aqueous solution containing neurotoxicity contaminants such as organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) at low levels, or used to evaluate potential inhibition effects of natural waters on AChE activity.
Summary
With the rapid development of the internet, cyberspace security issues have become increasingly prominent. The importance of constructing a cyberspace security system is self‐evident, but ...compared with attackers, defenders in cyberspace are in a castle‐like passive defense state in most cases. Therefore, building a reliable, accurate, timely, and active defense system is challenging. The key is to accurately focus on defense priorities, the anticipation of attackers who will likely succeed, and blocking attacks in a timely manner. In this article, we propose an active defense model based on the interaction of situational awareness and firewalls. First, by biasing the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of assets to get the score of assets, and using the Common Vulnerability Scoring System to assess the threat level of assets, we combine the two to determine the maximum system damage that the asset will suffer if it is lost, and then focus on defense. Meanwhile, log analysis of the network situational awareness platform can predict successful attackers, and then the linked firewall strategy can block these attacks in time before the attackers obtain attack gains. After that, we force the attackers to give up their attacks on the target by increasing the attack cost. We compared our model with iptables auto‐blocking and nginx auto‐blocking, and our model excelled them across the board in terms of comprehensiveness and false positive rate. The experimental results verify thar our active defense model proposed in this article can better reduce the defense cost and increase the attack cost, thus achieving the relatively defense goal.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicide attempts (SA) poses a significant public health issue. This study aims to identify neurobiological markers for MDD with SA on resting-state brain ...functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).
Fifty-one unmedicated adult MDD participants, 27 with SA on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation and 24 without SA, underwent rs-fMRI scanning. A group of 30 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, gender, and education-level with MDD were chosen. A whole brain analysis of regional homogeneity (ReHo) was performed on subjects to identify regions where brain activity was associated with SA. Multiple comparison analysis was performed for ReHo. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed between HAMD-SA scores and ReHo. The statistical significance level was set at
< 0.05.
We examined whether there were significant differences among the three groups in whole brain ReHo during resting state. Subjects with SA showed significant increase of ReHo in the right Cingulum Post in comparison with those without SA. Subjects with SA showed significant decrease of ReHo in the right Cingulate Gyrus/Precuneus in comparison with HC. The mean ReHo from the significant brain region was associated with HAMD-SA (item 3 of the HAMD) scores (
= 0.349,
= 0.012) but was not associated with HAMD-24 scores.
These results indicate that SA is associated with altered resting-state brain activity. The pattern of elevated activity in the cingulum functioning may be related to SA. Identifying cingulum activity associated with SA may help to elucidate its pathogenesis and etiology.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive wheat diseases. Besides directly affecting the yield, the mycotoxin residing in ...the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock. Xinong 979 (XN979) is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance. However, its resistance mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics. We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense. The first line of defense, which is constitutive, is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes. The second line of defense, which is induced upon F. graminearum infection, is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes. Meanwhile, the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression, especially in the early infection stage. The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies, such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits. This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat–F. graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.
Mimicking natural nitrogenase to create highly efficient single-atom catalysts (SACs) for ambient N
fixation is highly desired, but still challenging. Herein, S-coordinated Fe SACs on mesoporous TiO
...have been constructed by a lattice-confined strategy. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra demonstrate that Fe atoms are anchored in TiO
lattice via the FeS
O
coordination configuration. Theoretical calculations reveal that FeS
O
sites are the active centers for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Moreover, the finite element analysis shows that confinement of opened and ordered mesopores can facilitate the mass transport and offer an enlarged active surface area for NRR. As a result, this catalyst delivers a favorable NH
yield rate of 18.3 μg h
mg
with a high Faradaic efficiency of 17.3 % at -0.20 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode. Most importantly, this lattice-confined strategy is universal and can also be applied to Ni
S
@TiO
, Co
S
@TiO
, Mo
S
@TiO
, and Cu
S
@TiO
SACs. Our study provides new hints for the design and biomimetic synthesis of highly efficient NRR electrocatalysts.
Here we propose a thin-film structure that produces bright and angle robust reflective structural colors based on spectral selective absorption mechanism. Through numerical analysis, the optical ...constants n and k of the lossy metal films were calculated under ideal absorption conditions, and the Si–Al (90%) films with a close refractive index was successfully prepared. Amorphous silicon, SiOX, and Si–Al (90%) films were constructed into appropriate thin film structures, which achieve optimal optical performance, broadband absorption, and excellent angle insensitivity. Using a series of silicon-based films, dual-frequency and broadband absorption can be achieved while minimizing the inevitable absorption losses at the peak wavelengths. These red, green, and blue reflective colors achieve a high level of reflectance with 96%, 83%, and 91% at resonance. With its excellent color properties, safety, and low fabrication costs, this scheme is suitable for wide-ranging applications, including display, color decoration, counterfeit detection, etc.
•A thin-film structure based on spectral selective absorption mechanism.•Thin-film structure produces bright and angle robust reflective structural colors.•SiOX, a-Si and Si–Al (90%) were constructed into appropriate thin film structures.•Minimized the inevitable absorption losses at peak wavelengths.
