Microalgae are widely used as food supplements due to their high protein content, essential fatty acids and amino acids as well as carotenoids. The addition of microalgal biomass to food products ...(e.g., baked confectioneries) is a common strategy to attract novel consumers. However, organoleptic factors such as color, taste and smell can be decisive for the acceptability of foods supplemented with microalgae. The aim of this work was to develop chlorophyll-deficient mutants of
Chlorella vulgaris
by chemically induced random mutagenesis to obtain biomass with different pigmentations for nutritional applications. Using this strategy, two
C. vulgaris
mutants with yellow (MT01) and white (MT02) color were successfully isolated, scaled up and characterized. The changes in color of MT01 and MT02 mutant strains were due to an 80 and 99% decrease in their chlorophyll contents, respectively, as compared to the original wild type (WT) strain. Under heterotrophic growth, MT01 showed a growth performance similar to that of the WT, reaching a concentration of 5.84 and 6.06 g L
−1
, respectively, whereas MT02 displayed slightly lower growth (4.59 g L
−1
). When grown under a light intensity of 100 μmol m
−2
s
−1
, the pigment content in MT01 increased without compromising growth, while MT02 was not able to grow under this light intensity, a strong indication that it became light-sensitive. The yellow color of MT01 in the dark was mainly due to the presence of the xanthophyll lutein. On the other hand, phytoene was the only carotenoid detected in MT02, which is known to be colorless. Concomitantly, MT02 contained the highest protein content, reaching 48.7% of DW, a 60% increase as compared to the WT. MT01 exhibited a 30% increase when compared to that of the WT, reaching a protein content of 39.5% of DW. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that the partial abrogation of pigment biosynthesis is a factor that might promote higher protein contents in this species. Moreover, because of their higher protein and lower chlorophyll contents, the MT01 and MT02 strains are likely candidates to be feedstocks for the development of novel, innovative food supplements and foods.
Objective
The main objective of this study is to investigate diet patterns among rural and urban populations of the Center‐West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil through the carbon and ...nitrogen isotopic composition of fingernails, recognizing that the extent of market integration is a key driver of food consumption.
Materials and methods
In the Center‐West, Northeast, and Amazon regions of Brazil, fingernails were sampled in clusters encompassing a major city, town, and rural village. A total of 2,133 fingernails were analyzed. Fingernails were clipped by donors using fingernail clippers. In the laboratory, samples were cleaned then weighed in small tin capsules before being isotopically analyzed for carbon and nitrogen.
Results
The overall mean δ13C and δ15N were −19.7 ± 2.8‰ and 10.6 ± 1.1‰, respectively. In the more remote villages, where access to food markets is more challenging, lower δ13C prevails, suggesting that Brazilian staple foods (rice, beans, and farinha) still dominate. In areas with easier access to food markets, δ13C values were higher, suggesting a change to a diet based on C4 plants, typical of a Brazilian supermarket diet. The variability among inhabitants in the same location expressed by a significant inverse correlation between δ13C and δ15N fingernail values suggested that “market integration” does not affect everyone equally in each community.
Discussion and Conclusion
The nutrition transition has not yet reached some remote villages in these regions of Brazil or that the nutrition transition has not yet reached all residents of these remote villages. On the other hand, in several villages there is a considerable adherence to the supermarket diet or that some residents of these villages are already favoring processed food.
En este trabajo se pretende hacer una contribución para aumentar el conocimiento sobre una región remota del mundo, pero que es de suma importancia en el contexto geopolítico actual en virtud de su ...posición estratégica como nexo entre Oriente y Occidente - Asia Central - siendo éste un espacio de competencia para las grandes potencias. El argumento central es que Irán demuestra un interés predominantemente económico (la búsqueda de recursos energéticos) vis-a-vis de la región, persiguiendo políticas fundamentalmente realistas con respecto a la misma. Como alternativa a la observación participante y no participante, se recurrió a la entrevista semiestructurada. La investigación de campo se llevó a cabo a través de entrevistas realizadas en su mayor parte en Asia Central. La metodología de apoyo a esta investigación es el método cualitativo, a través del análisis hermenéutico. Sugerimos que Irán se inspira en la política de China hacia Asia Central, la cual ha demostrado un notable vigor en los últimos años con el fin de proyectar su poder en el ámbito regional y mitigar los efectos de la política (esencialmente) aislacionista de Washington al respecto.
Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of endodontic regenerative procedures combining an induced blood clot, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and bone marrow aspirate ...(BMA) to regenerate dental pulp in canine closed-apex necrotic teeth. Methods Apical periodontitis was induced in 20 upper and lower premolars of 2 dogs. After biomechanical preparation, enlargement to a #60 file, and disinfection with a triantibiotic paste for 28 days, the roots were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: blood clot (BC), BC + PRP gel, BC + BMA gel, and BC + BMA/PRP gel. Negative controls were also included. After a 3-month follow-up period, the animals were killed. Results Histologic analysis showed the presence of newly formed vital tissues (connective, cement-like, and bone-like tissue) in 23 of the 32 treated roots (71.87%). There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups. Conclusions New vital tissues were formed and characterized as connective, cementum-like, or bone-like, but not as pulp-like tissue; PRP and/or BMA did not improve the tissue ingrowth.
Bothynus cribrarius (Fairmaire) was rediscovered after studying the MNRJ and FIOC collections. The male is described and illustrated for the first time. Accurate location data is presented after 130 ...years since its species description.
Management of iatrogenic coronary artery fistula Leite Medeiros, Paulo Duarte Araújo; and, João Costa; Galvão Braga, Carlos
REC, Interventional cardiology (Internet. English ed.),
02/2023, Letnik:
5, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The authors describe the case of a 67-year-old woman who presented initially with an anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Emergency coronary angiography revealed the presence of 95% ...stenosis in the middle segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and 90% stenosis in the middle segment of the right coronary artery (RCA). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the mid LAD was performed. Two weeks later, elective PCI of the mid RCA was performed: we advanced a hydrophilic guidewire towards the distal RCA, predilated the lesion with a 2.25 mm × 15 mm balloon, implanted a 3.0 mm × 38 mm zotarolimus-eluting stent, and postdilated with 2.75 mm × 12 mm and 2.5 mm × 8.0 mm balloons. Although the angioplasty was successful, we observed contained contrast extravasation in a posterolateral artery branch (figure 1A,B; video 1 of the supplementary data). Echocardiography revealed no significant pericardial effusion. Coronary angiography reassessment performed 3 days later documented an Ellis type 3 coronary perforation with an evident fistulous tract to the venous system (figure 2; video 2 of the supplementary data). We advanced an Excelsior SL-10 microcatheter (Stryker, United States) towards the proximal end of the fistula (figure 3A) and delivered a...
The recent rapprochement among China, Iran and Russia reveals the emergence of a new, unexpected, regional strategic triangle with the potential to balance the United States’ dominant position. By ...focusing on the evolution of this strategic triangle in the post-Cold War period, this article investigates the driving forces that bring the three states together, namely the US power and unilateralism as materialised in NATO’s eastward expansion, the sanctions on Russia after the annexation of Crimea and the war in Ukraine, the sanctions against Iran, the US trade war with China and the hostile US posture during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Drawing on soft balancing theory, this article provides an empirical assessment of China–Iran– Russia strategies in countering the US power. Thus, this article aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by investigating this triangular relationship and its balancing potential under the analytic construct of a strategic triangle. Finally, the analysis demonstrates that the three states have employed soft balancing mechanisms, primarily economic strengthening and entangling diplomacy in international institutions. At the same time, territorial denial was sought on various occasions due to the regional importance of this triangular relationship. In conclusion, the article also offers insights into potential hard-balancing behaviour in the long run.
Centrioles are essential for cilia and centrosome assembly. In centriole-containing cells, centrioles always form juxtaposed to pre-existing ones, motivating a century-old debate on centriole ...biogenesis control. Here, we show that trans-autoactivation of Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), the trigger of centriole biogenesis, is a critical event in the spatial control of that process. We demonstrate that centrioles promote PLK4 activation through its recruitment and local accumulation. Though centriole removal reduces the proportion of active PLK4, this is rescued by concentrating PLK4 to the peroxisome lumen. Moreover, while mild overexpression of PLK4 only triggers centriole amplification at the existing centriole, higher PLK4 levels trigger both centriolar and cytoplasmatic (de novo) biogenesis. Hence, centrioles promote their assembly locally and disfavor de novo synthesis. Similar mechanisms enforcing the local concentration and/or activity of other centriole components are likely to contribute to the spatial control of centriole biogenesis under physiological conditions.
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•Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) autoactivates by trans-phosphorylation in Thr172•Activation of PLK4 is critical for triggering centriole biogenesis•Centrosomes concentrate PLK4, leading to activation and local centriole biogenesis•High PLK4 levels trigger both centriolar and cytoplasmic (de novo) biogenesis
Centrioles assemble centrosomes and cilia. Procentrioles form close to existing ones, raising the hypothesis that centrioles catalyze their own assembly. Lopes, Jana, Cunha-Ferreira et al. show that PLK4, the trigger of centriole biogenesis, promotes its own activation in a concentration-dependent manner. PLK4 accumulation at the centriole dictates local centriole formation.
Adult ticks of the species Amblyomma parvum were collected from the vegetation in the Pantanal biome (state of Mato Grosso do Sul) and from horses in the Cerrado biome (state of Piauí) in Brazil. The ...ticks were individually tested for rickettsial infection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting three rickettsial genes, gltA, ompA and ompB. Overall, 63.5% (40/63) and 66.7% (2/3) of A. parvum ticks from Pantanal and Cerrado, respectively, contained rickettsial DNA, which were all confirmed by DNA sequencing to be 100% identical to the corresponding fragments of the gltA, ompA and ompB genes of Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae. This report is the first to describe Ca. R. andeanae in Brazil.
This work investigated the mechanical transmission of
Trypanosoma vivax
by
Stomoxys calcitrans
to cattle in a region without a cyclic vector. The study involved two experiments, one with calves ...experimentally infected with
T. vivax
, in the acute phase of trypanosomosis (Experiment 1) and the other in the chronic phase (Experiment 2). In both experiments, two transmission methods were used with flies that had not fed for 24 h or had never fed: (i) Method 1: flies released freely in cattle pens (≈3,300 flies/pen for 10 days); and (ii) Method 2: flies placed in a feeding chamber (12 flies/animal). To develop Method 1 in the two experiments (acute and chronic phases),
T. vivax
-positive animals were kept with
T. vivax
-negative animals. Periodically, the Brener method, Woo method, blood smears, cPCR, ELISA, IFAT, and Imunoteste® were performed to detect
T. vivax
in the animals. We also recorded the animals’ head tossing and hoof stomping and the number of flies near the pens’ inner walls. Subsequently, biological testing was performed using lambs. For Method 2 in both experiments, flies inside the feeding chamber first fed on
T. vivax-
positive animals and later on negative animals. In both experiments and methods, we examined the flies for the presence of
T. vivax
through blood smears and cPCR of the proboscis and abdomen. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), a test was conducted to determine how long trypomastigotes forms could survive on the blood of animals with different levels of parasitemia. None of the animals (calves and lambs) became infected with
T. vivax
or showed antibodies against it. During the evaluation period, the animals in the presence of the flies exhibited more hoof stomping and head tossing compared to those without flies (control). Additionally, there was an increase in the number of flies in the pens during the experiment. Only in Experiment 1 (acute phase) were
T. vivax
trypomastigotes and DNA found in the abdomen of the flies but not in the proboscis. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), higher concentrations of trypomastigotes per milliliter of blood were associated with a shorter the lifespan of this stage of the parasite. In conclusion, under the variable conditions of the experiments (hosts, number of flies, and level of parasitemia),
S. calcitrans
was unable to mechanically transmit
T. vivax
to cattle.
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