Blue Haslea species are marine benthic pennate diatoms able to synthesize a blue-green water-soluble pigment, like marennine produced by H. ostrearia Simonsen. New species of Haslea synthetizing blue ...pigments were recently described (H. karadagensis, H. nusantara, H. provincialis and H. silbo). Their marennine-like pigments have allelopathic, antioxidative, antiviral and antibacterial properties, which have been demonstrated in laboratory conditions. Marennine is also responsible for the greening of oysters, for example, in the Marennes Oléron area (France), a phenomenon that has economical and patrimonial values. While blue Haslea spp. blooms have been episodically observed in natural environments (e.g., France, Croatia, USA), their dynamics have only been investigated in oyster ponds. This work is the first description of blue Haslea spp. benthic blooms that develop in open environments on the periphyton, covering turf and some macroalgae-like Padina. Different sites were monitored in the Mediterranean Sea (Corsica, France and Croatia) and two different blue Haslea species involved in these blooms were identified: H. ostrearia and H. provincialis. A non-blue Haslea species was also occasionally encountered. The benthic blooms of blue Haslea followed the phytoplankton spring bloom and occurred in shallow calm waters, possibly indicating a prominent role of light to initiate the blooms. In the absence of very strong winds and water currents that can possibly disaggregate the blue biofilm, the end of blooms coincided with the warming of the upper water masses, which might be profitable for other microorganisms and ultimately lead to a shift in the biofilm community.
This report presents the first record of Tripos rotundatus (Jørgensen) Gómez in the Adriatic Sea. The species was found in a net sample in the 50 – 100 m depth layer, taken on July 2021 off the ...southern coast of the Adriatic Sea. The species T. rotundatus was probably previously misidentified as the morphologically similar species T. digitatus (Schütt) Gómez.
Bearded horse mussel
and Noah’s ark shell
are a species of interest for the diversifying shellfish aquaculture on the south-eastern coast of the Adriatic. In this study, oxygen consumption (OC), ...total ammonia excretion (TAM) and clearance rate (CR) responses to the changes in seawater salinity (37, 30, 25 and 20) were investigated in the laboratory. There is a statistically significant influence of salinity on oxygen consumption and TAM excretion of Noah’s ark shell, while the time of exposure to different salinities is significantly correlated to TAM excretion by the bearded horse mussel. Mean OC of Noah’s ark shell ranged from 0.14 ± 0.06 to 0.54 ± 0.27 mg O
and that of bearded horse mussel from 0.18 ± 0.17 to 0.26 ± 0.14 mg O
. Mean values of TAM excretion of Noah’s ark shell ranged from 2.14 ± 1.52 to 7.22 ± 6.04 μmol g
h
and for bearded horse mussel from 0.98 ± 0.53 to 2.78 ± 2.96 μmol g
h
. Salinity and exposure time have a significant influence on the CR of Noah’s ark shell, whilst salinity has been found to be the determining factor for the bearded horse mussels’ CR. Mean values of Noah’s ark shell CR ranged from 0.96 ± 0.54 to 4.18 ± 1.15 l h
and for bearded horse mussel from 2.43 ± 0.99 to 4.23 ± 0.84 l h
. Higher oxygen consumption to total ammonia excretion (O:N) ratios at lower salinities indicated the use of proteins as a metabolic substrate for both species. Noah’s ark shell has greater energy expenditure related to respiration and TAM excretion than the bearded horse mussel.
This report presents the first record of Tripos rotundatus (Jørgensen) Gómez in the Adriatic Sea. The species was found in the net sample in the layer of 50 – 100 m depth, on July 2021 at the coastal ...southern Adriatic Sea. The species T. rotundatus was probably previously mistaken as morphologically similar species T. digitatus (Schütt) Gómez.
Marine surface microlayer (SML) is a large and extreme marine environment with an important role in biogeochemical cycling and climate regulation. We explored the seasonal structure and abundance of ...bacterial assemblages in SML (bacterioneuston) and underlying water layer (ULW) (bacterioplankton) in eutrophic marine Rogoznica Lake and more oligotrophic coastal area of the adjacent Adriatic Sea. SML and ULW in each site were similar in pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, and temperature. Rogoznica Lake was colder in winter and warmer in summer compared to the Adriatic Sea. Regarding nutrients, SML and ULW were notably different environments. SML was consistently enriched in nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, and total organic carbon than ULW in both investigated environments. Except in spring in Rogoznica Lake, bacterial abundance in SML was also significantly higher (
p
< 0.05) than in ULW. Both layers and sites show prominent seasonal variability. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA and cDNA revealed a considerable difference in bacterial assemblage structure, although study sites were < 200 m apart. Heterotrophs were predominant in both layers with pronounced spatial and temporal structural differences, except in autumn in Rogoznica Lake when, autotrophs became the dominant fraction under oxygen-deprived conditions. All these variations were driven by in situ conditions, the most important ones being total organic carbon and temperature (and additionally dissolved oxygen in Rogoznica Lake). This is especially important in terms of ongoing eutrophication, warming and deoxygenation, noticed not only in the Adriatic Sea and Rogoznica Lake but globally as well. Therefore, further structural and physiological changes in bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton assemblages can be expected.
The initial colonization of bacteria and diatoms on a immersed artificial substrate and the development of diatom assemblages in relation to physico-chemical parameters were investigated on a weekly ...basis at one station in the marine Lake Mrtvo More, South Croatia, from April to October 2016. According to TRIX trophic index, lake showed different trophic character: (i) oligotrophic (at the beginning and the end of the study), (ii) mesotrophic (the end of June to mid-July), (iii)
eutrophic (the end of July to mid-September). Heterotrophic bacteria increased to peak abundances (69,268 cells cm–2) at the beginning of June when the diatoms abundances start to increase. The lake has high diatom species richness (285 diatom taxa within 72 genera), with the highest species diversity index in August. Among diatoms, adnate were the primary colonizers, particularly Cocconeis dirupta W.Gregory var. flexella (Janisch and Rabenhorst) Grunow and Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg var. scutellum, while motile taxa joined the fouling communities from July to September. This study showed close relationship
between diatom species composition and changes of physico-chemical parameters, particularly the nutrient concentrations.
Phytoplankton community structure and dynamics were investigated in the open southern Adriatic Sea during two winter-spring seasons (2016 and 2017) under different oceanographic and meteorological ...conditions. The principal environmental factor was a pronounced inflow of the Levantine Intermediate Water into the Adriatic, favoured by the cyclonic circulation of the Northern Ionian Gyre. As a consequence, high salinity values of about 38.8–38.9, were registered. Fifteen research cruises were undertaken in the same sampling area situated in the northern part of the Southern Adriatic Pit (SAP) with a maximum depth of 1200 m. Two specific circumstances were encountered: (i) high abundances of phytoplankton in the deep layer associated with strong downward flow in 2016, and (ii) an intense surface phytoplankton bloom in March 2017. This particular event occurred following the strong vertical convective mixing, which increased nutrient availability in the euphotic layer. High in situ Chl-a concentrations (max. 1.65 mg m−3) and phytoplankton abundances higher than 105 cells L−1 are not common in the habitually oligotrophic open southern Adriatic Sea, and this study attempts to determine the driving force of that phenomenon. The phytoplankton community in SAP involved nanoflagellates and diatoms as the most abundant taxonomic groups during the March 2017 bloom. Presence of some coastal phytoplankton taxa suggests the influx of coastal water masses and transport of species either longitudinally, from the northern to the Southern Adriatic in concomitance of the Northern Adriatic Dense Water spreading, or transversal as a response to the strong mesoscale activity in the study region, comprising intense shelf - open sea interaction.
•Local climatic and environmental variations modified thermohaline properties.•Deep water convection is important processes driving primary productivity.•Winter-spring diatom bloom did not show a regular pattern among years.•Phytoplankton community can be a good indicator of convective downward flow.
Hypoxic and anoxic niches of meromictic lakes are important sites for studying the microbial ecology of conditions resembling ancient Earth. The expansion and increasing global distribution of such ...environments also means that information about them serves to understand future phenomena. In this study, a long-term chemical dataset (1996–2015) was explored together with seasonal (in 2015) information on the diversity and abundance of bacterial and archaeal communities residing in the chemocline, monimolimnion and surface sediment of the marine meromictic Rogoznica Lake. The results of quantitative PCR assays, and high-throughput sequencing, targeting 16S rRNA genes and transcripts, revealed a clear vertical structure of the microbial community with Gammaproteobacteria (Halochromatium) and cyanobacteria (Synechococcus spp.) dominating the chemocline, Deltaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominating the monimolimnion, and significantly more abundant archaeal populations in the surface sediment, most of which affiliated to Nanoarchaeota. Seasonal changes in the community structure and abundance were not pronounced. Diversity in Rogoznica Lake was found to be high, presumably as a consequence of stable environmental conditions accompanied by high dissolved carbon and nutrient concentrations. Long-term data indicated that Rogoznica Lake exhibited climate changes that could alter its physico-chemical features and, consequently, induce structural and physiological changes within its microbial community.
Blue Haslea species are marine benthic pennate diatoms able to synthesize a blue-green water-soluble pigment, like marennine produced by H. ostrearia Simonsen. New species of Haslea synthetizing blue ...pigments were recently described (H. karadagensis, H. nusantara, H. provincialis and H. silbo). Their marennine-like pigments have allelopathic, antioxidative, antiviral and antibacterial properties, which have been demonstrated in laboratory conditions. Marennine is also responsible for the greening of oysters, for example, in the Marennes Oléron area (France), a phenomenon that has economical and patrimonial values. While blue Haslea spp. blooms have been episodically observed in natural environments (e.g., France, Croatia, USA), their dynamics have only been investigated in oyster ponds. This work is the first description of blue Haslea spp. benthic blooms that develop in open environments on the periphyton, covering turf and some macroalgae-like Padina. Different sites were monitored in the Mediterranean Sea (Corsica, France and Croatia) and two different blue Haslea species involved in these blooms were identified: H. ostrearia and H. provincialis. A non-blue Haslea species was also occasionally encountered. The benthic blooms of blue Haslea followed the phytoplankton spring bloom and occurred in shallow calm waters, possibly indicating a prominent role of light to initiate the blooms. In the absence of very strong winds and water currents that can possibly disaggregate the blue biofilm, the end of blooms coincided with the warming of the upper water masses, which might be profitable for other microorganisms and ultimately lead to a shift in the biofilm community.
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