A method to accurately measure the density of Rb vapor is described. We plan on using this method for the Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) (Assmann et al., 2014 1) project at CERN , which will be the ...world׳s first proton driven plasma wakefield experiment. The method is similar to the hook (Marlow, 1967 2) method and has been described in great detail in the work by Hill et al. (1986) 3. In this method a cosine fit is applied to the interferogram to obtain a relative accuracy on the order of 1% for the vapor density–length product. A single-mode, fiber-based, Mach–Zenhder interferometer will be built and used near the ends of the 10 meter-long AWAKE plasma source to be able to make accurate relative density measurement between these two locations. This can then be used to infer the vapor density gradient along the AWAKE plasma source and also change it to the value desired for the plasma wakefield experiment. Here we describe the plan in detail and show preliminary results obtained using a prototype 8cm long novel Rb vapor cell.
The Campanian (Cretaceous) carbonate succession, which belongs to the uppermost part of the Mesozoic sequence in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey), is mainly composed of
Globotruncana
-bearing grey ...and red pelagic limestones. One of the most typical outcrops of the succession is located in the Çayırbağarea (NE Turkey) and it was studied with a combined sedimentological and palaeontological approach. Three microfacies types were identified and interpreted based on petrographic analysis of the depositional textures and fauna. They are (1) allochthonous bioclastic-calcispheral packstone/wackestone microfacies (MF-1), (2) calcispheral packstone/wackestone microfacies (MF-2), and (3) pelagic foraminiferal mudstone/wackestone microfacies (MF-3). These microfacies types correspond to slope, deep self and basin environments, respectively. Based on the planktonic foraminiferal assemblages, including
Globotruncana
cf.
arca
(Cushman),
Globotruncana arca
(Cushman),
Globotruncana
sp.,
Whiteinella
sp.,
Archaeoglobigerina
sp.,
Archaeoglobigerina blowi
(Pessagno),
Globotruncana lineiana
(d’Orbigny),
Whiteinella
sp.,
Archaeoglobigerina cretacea
(d’Orbigny), the age of the pelagic carbonate succession is Campanian. Microfacies and palaeontological characteristics of the studied section suggest that they were deposited in a slope to basin environment. The progressive deepening of the environment is probably caused by the vertical movement of the syn-sedimentary extensional tectonic regime. Moreover, a carbonate platform environment adjacent to the deep-marine environment is inferred to exist during the earliest Campanian because of the presence of rare allochthonous neritic skeletal components in the lower part of the section.
Ni2-xCoxMnSb Heusler alloys were fabricated by arc melting process. The endothermic/exothermic reactions with increasing temperature were determined by DTA analysis and it was found that the chancing ...Co concentration in the system causes the change in the reaction temperatures. The temperature dependence of the magnetization from base temperature to 600 K, a crucial value for the Curie temperature, and lattice parameters of the samples were determined. It was suggested that increasing Co in the samples causes the change of the grain formation and the increasing Co concentration in the system also causes the change of the Curie temperature values with decreased the lattice parameters.
•Ni2-xCoxMnSb Heusler alloys with Co doping of x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.75, 1.00 are fabricated by arc melting process.•The endothermic/exothermic reactions with increasing temperature are determined by DTA analysis.•The structural and morphological parameters are investigated by XRD analysis, EDX-dot mapping and SEM images.•The temperature dependence of the magnetization from base temperature to 600 K and the Curie temperature of the samples are determined.•The hysteresis effect of the samples is determined from magnetization as a function of the applied magnetic field.
We describe a novel plasma source developed at the Max Planck Institute for Physics that will be used for a proton driven plasma wakefield accelerator experiment at CERN. Rubidium vapor is confined ...in a 10meter -long, 4cm diameter, oil-heated stainless steel pipe. A laser pulse tunnel ionizes the vapor forming a 10-meter long, ~1mm radius plasma with a range of densities around ~1015cm−3. Access to the source is provided using custom manufactured fast valves. The source is designed to produce a plasma with a density uniformity of at least ~0.2% during the beam–plasma interaction.
Poly(ethylene naphthalate), PEN, is an industrial polyester which has been shown to scintillate in the blue wavelength region. Combined with measurements of a high intrinsic radiopurity, this has ...sparked interest in the material for use in low-background experiments.
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