Kamu mali yönetimi, 1980 sonrası Türkiye’de kamu idarelerinin yeniden yapılandırılması sürecinde hayata geçirilen reformun ana unsurlarından birisidir. Kamu mali yönetimi sistemiyle kamusal ...faaliyetlerde, hesap verilebilirlik, şeffaflık, yönetişim ve mali disiplin sağlanması gibi amaçlar öngörülmektedir. Yeni sistemde gelir tahminlerinin isabetli yapılması ise politika yapıcılara yol göstermesi açısından önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki vergi gelirlerinin tahmininde yeni geliştirilmiş bir model olan çok değişkenli gri tahmin modeline başvurulmuştur. Gri sistem teorisinin bir modeli olan bu model, istatistiksel varsayımlara ihtiyaç duymadan çok sayıda değişkenle tahmin yapılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu modelin örneklem setinde bağımlı değişken olarak vergi gelirleri, bağımsız değişkenler olarak gelir, mülkiyet, dâhilde alınan mal ve hizmet vergileri ile dış ticaret üzerinden alınan vergiler kullanılmıştır. Örneklem setinin 2006-2016 dönemine ait verileri çok değişkenli gri tahmin modelinin simülasyonunda, 2017-2019 dönemine ait verileri ise modelin tahmininde değerlendirilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlara göre, gri tahmin modelinin hem simülasyon hatalarının hem de tahmin hatalarının oldukça düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçların, vergi gelirlerinin tahmininde anlamlı ve etkin bir tahmin modeli oluşturulmasına temel sağlayacağına inanılmaktadır.
Public finance management is one of the main elements of the reform that was implemented after 1980 in Turkey. The objectives such as accountability, transparency, governance, and fiscal discipline in public activities are envisaged with the public finance management system. In the new system, accurate estimations of income have become important in terms of guiding policymakers. In this study, a new multivariable grey prediction model was used to predict tax revenues in Turkey. This model, which is a model of the grey system theory, enables prediction with many variables without the need for statistical assumptions. In the sample set of this model, tax revenue was used as dependent variable, income taxes, property taxes, domestic taxes on goods and services, and taxes on foreign trade were used as independent variables. The data for 2006-2016 period were evaluated in the simulation of the model, and 2017-2019 period were evaluated in the prediction of the model. According to the experimental results, it was seen that both the simulation errors and the prediction errors of the grey prediction model were quite low. It is believed that these results will provide the basis for a meaningful and effective model for predicting tax revenues.
Yükseköğretim, bireylerin uzmanlaşarak belirli alanlarda faaliyet göstermeye başlamasına ortam hazırlaması bakımından eğitim sistemi içerisinde oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Her ülke ...yükseköğretim yapısını kendi sosyal ve kültürel değerlerini de katarak çağın gereksinimlerine cevap verebilecek şekilde dizayn etme amacındadır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’nin yükseköğretim sisteminin var olan mevcut sorunlarına rağmen süreç içerisinde önemli bir gelişme gösterdiğini ifade etmek yerinde olacaktır. Bu çalışmada bulanık c-ortalamalar kümeleme algoritması kullanılarak, seçilen 32 ülkenin yükseköğretim performanslarına göre gruplandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ülkelerin yükseköğretim performansları, eğitim, istihdam ve ekonomi kategorilerinde seçilen değişkenler aracılığıyla kümeleme algoritmasında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Norveç ve İsviçre ile birlikte AB üye ve aday ülkeleri (Türkiye, Kuzey Makedonya, Sırbistan) dört küme içerisinde gruplandırılmıştır. Bu kümeler aracılığıyla yükseköğretim performansları bakımından benzer niteliklere sahip olan ülkeler birlikte değerlendirilmiş ve ilgili ülkelerin yükseköğretim rekabet edebilirlikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalar sonucunda ülkelerin yükseköğretim sistemlerine ilişkin birtakım çıkarımlar yapılmış ve Türkiye’nin mevcut durumu ile birlikte bu durumunun iyileştirilmesine yönelik çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.
Higher education has a very important place in the education system in terms of preparing an environment for individuals to specialize and start operating in certain areas. Each country aims to design its higher education structure in a way that can meet the needs of the age by adding its own social and cultural values. In this context, it would be appropriate to express that showed a significant improvement in existing processes, despite the current problems of Turkey’s higher education system. This study is aimed to group 32 selected countries according to their higher education performances using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. The higher education performances of the countries were analyzed in the clustering algorithm through the variables selected in education, employment, and economy categories. As a result of the study, the EU member and candidate countries (Turkey, Northern Macedonia, Serbia), together with Norway and Switzerland, were grouped into four clusters. Through these clusters, countries have been evaluated together with countries that have similar qualifications in terms of higher education performance, and the higher education competitiveness of the relevant countries has been compared. Thanks to the comparisons, some inferences were made regarding the higher education systems of the countries, and along with the current situation of Turkey, various suggestions have been presented to improve this situation.
Current US design codes for buildings apply to stiff structures. Hence, their applicability to flexible structures, such as wind turbine towers, is limited. Previous researchers have reported that ...IEC 61400-2 is overly conservative for small-scale tower design. As small-scale wind-energy generation becomes more developed, the need to optimize loads for small wind turbine towers becomes more important. A steel wind turbine tower was instrumented and its structural behavior was compared to simplified load model equations provided in IEC 61400-2 under different wind speeds. For this purpose, a 3.5 kW wind turbine mounted on an 18 m steel tower was erected 1.5 km south of the UW Hansen Livestock Arena in Laramie, Wyoming. The supporting tower was instrumented with strain gages, accelerometers and an anemometer. Two of the load cases specified in IEC 61400-2 were validated by comparing design loads with the observed structural behavior of the test tower. The results of this study indicated that IEC 61400-2 is overly conservative for the verified load cases.
Bir kentin sahip olduğu mimari formlar ve özelliklerinin yanı sıra, şehre ait gar binaları kentin kimliğini oluşturan önemli unsurlar arasındadır. Tarihi gar yapıları, kenti ziyaret etmek ve ...deneyimlemek isteyen kişilerin, kent ile ilk karşılaştıkları anı simgeledikleri için insanların hafızalarında önemli bir yer edinir. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluş döneminde yapılmış ve tarihsel olarak önemli olaylara şahitlik etmiş, hala aktif olarak kullanılan Ankara Gar Binası’nı deneyimleyen kişilerin görüşleri alınarak, kullanıcı tercihleri tespit edilmiş ve yapının zamansız müzeye dönüşümü ile ilgili düşünceleri alınmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Örneklem alanını Ankara Gar Binası kullanıcıları oluşturmuş ve kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile anket soruları beşli Likert ölçeğinde hazırlanmıştır. 521 kişinin anket verileri IBM SPSS Statistics programına işlenmiş ve yanıtlar analiz edilerek yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bazı faktörler için farklı yaş grupları, meslek grupları, eğitim durumları, medeni durum ve ikamet yeri arasında belirgin farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır.
Introduction
This study aimed to compare the radiological and clinical results of VP and EF applications in multi-fragmented radius distal intra-articular fractures (AO type C) in our clinic.
Methods
...We retrospectively analysed 80 patients who underwent surgery for radius distal fracture (AO type C) between 2014 and 2020. Group 1 comprised patients who were treated with VP, and Group 2 comprised patients who were treated with EF. Radiological evaluation was performed by measuring radial inclination, radial length, volar tilt, intra-articular step-off and ulnar variance by two-way radiography. The clinical findings were evaluated using the Gartland and Werley scoring system, and complications were noted.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, side, fracture subtypes and follow-up time (
p
> 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in radiological parameters (based on cut-off values) (
p
> 0.05). The clinical evaluation did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the two groups (
p
= 0.613).
Conclusion
EF is as successful as VP in providing radiological cut-off values. EF treatment can be used as an effective and safe alternative method for multi-fragmented radius distal intra-articular fractures.
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab emtansine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and taxane. We reviewed the medical ...records of patients who were diagnosed with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2) positive metastatic breast cancer and received pertuzumab and then TDM-1 between January 2014 and January 2021 from twenty- five cancer centers. The Kaplan- Meier method estimated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and safety were evaluated. One hundred fifty-three patients were included,79.1% of the patients received TDM-1 in the second line, 90.8% had visceral metastasis, and 30.7% had central nervous system involvement. The PFS and OS of TDM-1 were evaluated according to the number of previous lines (on the 2nd line or more than two lines) metastatic sites (visceral and non-visceral) and the presence of central nervous metastasis. In TDM-1 therapy, PFS in second line therapy was ten months (95% CI: 7.7 - 12.2); this was statistically higher than later-line PFS, which was six months (95% CI: 3.3 to 8.6) (p = 0.004). The median OS time was 25 months (95% CI: 21.0 to 28.9) in patients treated with TDM-1 in the second line and 19 months (95% CI: 12.3 to 25.6) in patients who received later than the second line(p = 0.175). There were no significant differences in PFS time of patients with and without visceral and central nervous metastases. Our study showed that TDM-1 was also effective in patients using pertuzumab, contributes significantly to PFS when used in the second line compared to its use in the later line, and does not make any difference in OS.We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab emtansine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and taxane. We reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2) positive metastatic breast cancer and received pertuzumab and then TDM-1 between January 2014 and January 2021 from twenty- five cancer centers. The Kaplan- Meier method estimated progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and safety were evaluated. One hundred fifty-three patients were included,79.1% of the patients received TDM-1 in the second line, 90.8% had visceral metastasis, and 30.7% had central nervous system involvement. The PFS and OS of TDM-1 were evaluated according to the number of previous lines (on the 2nd line or more than two lines) metastatic sites (visceral and non-visceral) and the presence of central nervous metastasis. In TDM-1 therapy, PFS in second line therapy was ten months (95% CI: 7.7 - 12.2); this was statistically higher than later-line PFS, which was six months (95% CI: 3.3 to 8.6) (p = 0.004). The median OS time was 25 months (95% CI: 21.0 to 28.9) in patients treated with TDM-1 in the second line and 19 months (95% CI: 12.3 to 25.6) in patients who received later than the second line(p = 0.175). There were no significant differences in PFS time of patients with and without visceral and central nervous metastases. Our study showed that TDM-1 was also effective in patients using pertuzumab, contributes significantly to PFS when used in the second line compared to its use in the later line, and does not make any difference in OS.
Purpose
Atezolizumab has been shown to be effective and safe in randomized trial in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, there are limited real-life ...data on atezolizumab. In this study, we aimed to determine the real-life efficacy and safety of atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage SCLC.
Methods
This trial is a retrospective multicenter study of the Turkish Oncology Group, which included extensive-stage SCLC patients who received atezolizumab combined with chemotherapy in a first-line treatment. The characteristics of the patients, treatment and response rates, and PFS and OS are presented. Factors associated with PFS and OS were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results
A total of 213 patients at the 30 oncology centers were included. The median number of chemotherapy cycle was 5 (1–8) and atezolizumab cycle was 7 (1–32). After median 11.9 months of follow-up, median PFS and OS was 6.8 months (95%CI 5.7–7.8), and 11.9 months (95%CI 11–12.7), respectively. The ORR was 61.9%. ECOG-PS (
p
= 0.002) and number of metastatic sites (
p
= 0.001) were associated with PFS and pack-year of smoking (
p
= 0.05), while ECOG-PS (
p
= 0.03) and number of metastatic sites (
p
= 0.001) were associated with OS. Hematological side effects were common and toxicities were manageable.
Conclusion
This real-life data confirm the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab in combination with chemotherapy in first-line treatment of extensive-stage SCLC.
Recurrent oral ulcers, which are the first and most common manifestation of Behçet’s disease (BD), have several etiological causes but are often idiopathic and known as recurrent aphthous stomatitis ...(RAS). In recent years, publications have drawn attention to the fact that whole-wall thickness (WWT) and intima–media thickness (IMT) measurements of the common femoral vein (CFV) may be useful in the diagnosis of BD, which are independent of organ involvement. In this study, the usefulness of the WWT and IMT of the CFV measured by venous Doppler ultrasound (US) was investigated in differentiating BD presenting with oral ulcers from RAS. Patients with BD (n = 84), patients with RAS (n = 85), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 70) were the three groups included. Both the right and left WWT of the CFV were significantly higher in the BD compared with the HCs and RAS groups (p < 0.001). The diagnostic cutoff values of ≥0.58 mm for the WWT of the CFV performed well against both the patients with RAS and HCs for the discrimination of BD (sensitivity = 79.8%, specificity = 64.7%). In patients with recurrent oral ulcers, the WWT of the CFV measurement may be a distinctive new diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of BD and RAS.
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