Chagas Disease: Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy Echavarría, Natalia Giraldo; Echeverría, Luis E.; Stewart, Merrill ...
Current problems in cardiology,
March 2021, 2021-Mar, 2021-03-00, 20210301, Letnik:
46, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Chagas disease (CD) is a tropical vector-borne infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), also known as American Trypanosomiasis. It is considered endemic in all South ...and Central America and in this past decades its becoming a burden particularly in the United States and Europe due to human migration. The vast majority of patients during the acute phase are asymptomatic, while chronic symptomatic phase appears years later, with around 30% progressing toward detectable organ damage affecting mainly the cardiovascular and digestive systems. Chagas cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) in Latin America and affects around 30% of infected patients. The foremost characteristics are a diffuse myocarditis with focal fibrosis, mainly located in the apex and basal segments of the posterior and inferior wall, leading to a highly arrhythmogenic disease. Treatment can be etiologic during the parasitic infection, without and established efficacy during the advanced chronic symptomatic phase. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy treatment consists in guided medical therapy for non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, but more studies are imperative to improve clinical outcomes, some of them already in progress, and hopefully soon refine treatment and recommendations.
Registro colombiano de falla cardiaca (RECOLFACA): resultados Gómez-Mesa, Juan E.; Saldarriaga-Giraldo, Clara I.; Echeverría, Luis E. ...
Revista colombiana de cardiología (Bogotá, Colombia : 1989),
02/2022, Letnik:
28, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Resumen Introducción: La falla cardiaca (FC) es un problema de salud pública mundial. En Latinoamérica, la incidencia es de 199/100.000 personas-año y la prevalencia de ≈1%. En Colombia, pocos ...estudios han descrito el comportamiento sociodemográfico y clínico de los pacientes con FC agudamente descompensada (FCAD) y FC crónica (FCC). Método: Se implementó un registro multicéntrico para identificar características que puedan ayudar en la planeación y desarrollo de estrategias de prevención secundaria y tratamiento de esta población. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2528 pacientes. 57.59% hombres, edad promedio 69 años. La principal comorbilidad fue hipertensión arterial (72.04%). Las principales causas de descompensación de la FC fueron la progresión de la enfermedad (35.00%) y el tratamiento insuficiente (19.09%). La etiología más frecuente fue isquémica (43.99%). Al momento del ingreso, 86.95% de pacientes recibían betabloqueador, 67.25% recibían diuréticos, 55.66% recibían ARM, 42.41% recibían ARA-II, 33.66% recibían IECA y 9.73% recibían ARNI. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con FC en Colombia son similares a los descritos por otros registros de FC en el mundo occidental, destacando el uso de terapias basadas en la evidencia. Se documentó una proporción menor de fibrilación auricular, con mayor frecuencia de disfunción sistólica moderada-grave y un aparente uso subóptimo de dispositivos implantables.
Chagas disease (CD) is a major public health concern in Latin America and a potentially serious emerging threat in non-endemic countries. Although the association between CD and cardiac abnormalities ...is widely reported, study design diversity, sample size and quality challenge the information, calling for its update and synthesis, which would be very useful and relevant for physicians in non-endemic countries where health care implications of CD are real and neglected. We performed to systematically review and meta-analyze population-based studies that compared prevalence of overall and specific ECG abnormalities between CD and non-CD participants in the general population.
Six databases (EMBASE, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar and Lilacs) were searched systematically. Observational studies were included. Odds ratios (OR) were computed using random-effects model.
Forty-nine studies were selected, including 34,023(12,276 CD and 21,747 non-CD). Prevalence of overall ECG abnormalities was higher in participants with CD (40.1%; 95%CIs=39.2-41.0) compared to non-CD (24.1%; 95%CIs=23.5-24.7) (OR=2.78; 95%CIs=2.37-3.26). Among specific ECG abnormalities, prevalence of complete right bundle branch block (RBBB) (OR=4.60; 95%CIs=2.97-7.11), left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) (OR=1.60; 95%CIs=1.21-2.13), combination of complete RBBB/LAFB (OR=3.34; 95%CIs=1.76-6.35), first-degree atrioventricular block (A-V B) (OR=1.71; 95%CIs=1.25-2.33), atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter (OR=2.11; 95%CIs=1.40-3.19) and ventricular extrasystoles (VE) (OR=1.62; 95%CIs=1.14-2.30) was higher in CD compared to non-CD participants.
This systematic review and meta-analysis provides an update and synthesis in this field. This research of observational studies indicates a significant excess in prevalence of ECG abnormalities (40.1%) related to T. cruzi infection in the general population from Chagas endemic regions, being the most common ventricular (RBBB and LAFB), and A-V B (first-degree) node conduction abnormalities as well as arrhythmias (AF or flutter and VE). Also, prevalence of ECG alterations in children was similar to that in adults and suggests earlier onset of cardiac disease.
Background Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a unique form of cardiomyopathy compared to other etiologies of heart failure. In CCM, risk prediction based on biomarkers has not been well-studied. ...We assessed the prognostic value of a biomarker panel to predict a composite outcome (CO), including the need for heart transplantation, use of left ventricular assist devices, and mortality. Methods Prospective cohort study of 100 adults with different stages of CCM. Serum concentrations of amino-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), galectin-3 (Gal-3), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), high sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), soluble (sST2), and cystatin-C (Cys-c) were measured. Survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results During a median follow-up of 52 months, the mortality rate was 20%, while the CO was observed in 25% of the patients. Four biomarkers (NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, sST2, and Cys-C) were associated with the CO; concentrations of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT were associated with the highest AUC (85.1 and 85.8, respectively). Combining these two biomarkers above their selected cut-off values significantly increased risk for the CO (HR 3.18; 95%CI 1.31-7.79). No events were reported in the patients in whom the two biomarkers were under the cut-off values, and when both levels were above cut-off values, the CO was observed in 60.71%. Conclusion The combination of NT-proBNP and hs-TnT above their selected cut-off values is associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of the composite outcome among CCM patients. The use of cardiac biomarkers may improve prognostic evaluation of patients with CCM.
Resumen El registro RECOLFACA es la primera aproximación que se realiza en Colombia sobre el perfil clínico y demográfico de los pacientes con falla cardiaca, e incluye instituciones de gran parte ...del territorio nacional. Esta información es de gran relevancia ya que permitirá caracterizar la población y servir como base para diseñar políticas públicas que ofrezcan una mejor atención en salud a esta población. Este importante proyecto epidemiológico, llevado a cabo por el Capítulo de Falla Cardíaca, Trasplantes e Hipertensión Pulmonar de la Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, es pionero en la evaluación de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en Colombia y, adicionalmente, servirá como modelo para la evaluación de otras enfermedades.
BackgroundChagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease, endemic in Latin America, but due to migration and environmental changes it has become a global public health issue. ObjectivesTo assess ...the global prevalence and disability-adjusted life years due to CD using findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease data was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network; results were provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were described at a global, regional, and national level, including data from 1990 to 2019. ResultsGlobally, CD prevalence decreased by 11.3% during the study period, from 7,292,889 cases estimated in 1990 to 6,469,283 in 2019. Moreover, the global DALY rate of CD decreased by 23.7% during the evaluated period, from 360,872 in 1990 to 275,377 in 2019. In addition, significant differences in the burden by sex, being men the most affected, age, with the elderly having the highest burden of the disease, and sociodemographic index (SDI), with countries with the lowest SDI values having the highest prevalence of the disease, were observed. Finally, the prevalence trends have followed different patterns according to the region, with a sustained decrease in Latin America, compared to an increasing trend in North America and Europe until 2010. ConclusionThe global burden of CD has changed in recent decades, with a sustained decline in the number of cases. Although the majority of cases remain concentrated in Latin America, the increase observed in countries in North America and Europe highlights the importance of screening at-risk populations and raising awareness of this neglected tropical disease.
Currently, Chagas disease (CD) constitutes one of the main public health problems in Latin America. However, little is known about potential mechanisms of disease different from cardiac or digestive ...involvement, such as the coagulation disorders elicited by the parasite persistence in the tissues. The aim of this systematic review was to describe and characterize all the published literature that evaluated the pathophysiological aspects of coagulation disorders in CD.
Searches in Medline, EMBASE, and LILACS databases (from inception to July 28th, 2020) were performed. Articles of any language reporting the levels of different coagulation factors/markers or the prevalence of abnormal levels of the mentioned molecules in patients with CD were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.
Seven studies evaluating a total of 676 participants fulfilled the criteria and were included, while only six were suitable for meta-analyzing (544 participants, 52% men, mean age: 49 ± 8 years). 57.16% of the patients in the meta-analysis had a serological confirmed diagnosis of CD, while 97% of these were in the indeterminate stage of the disease. Patients in the CD group had higher levels of F 1 + 2 (SMD 5.15. 95% CI 1.92, 8.38), PAI-1 (SMD 0.46. 95% CI 0.07; 0.89), and P-selectin (SMD 1.8; 95% CI 0.13–3.47) compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, benznidazole therapy was associated with a reduction in the levels of these biomarkers after treatment.
The results of the present study suggest that patients with chronic T. cruzi infection are affected by a potential hypercoagulable state irrespective of the development of cardiac or digestive disease. Furthermore, the reduction in the levels of the coagulation markers after benznidazole therapy may suggest a significant role of the parasite load in the development of these coagulation disorders. There is a scarcity of research assessing the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of coagulation disorders in Chagas disease. Further research is needed to assess the benefit of benznidazole therapy on this hypercoagulable state in the long-term, along with its impact on the risk of thromboembolic events in CD patients.
•Chagas disease constitutes one of the leading public health problems in Latin America and the world.•The impact of Chagas Disease goes beyond the development of heart failure.•The levels of F 1 + 2, PAI-1, and P-Selectin were significantly increased in the group of patients with Chagas Disease compared to healthy subjects.•Patients with chronic T. cruzi infection may be affected by a hypercoagulable state irrespective of the presence of cardiac disease.
PDF
