Depth image-based rendering (DIBR) is a process that uses one 2-D color image and its associated depth map to render virtual view 3-D images. One of the main problems in DIBR is how to reduce holes ...that occur on the generated virtual view images. In general, preprocessing the whole depth image by smoothing filter before image warping can reduce the hole occurrence. However, smoothing the whole depth image not only produces some geometric distortions on the generated virtual directional images, but also increases computation time. This paper proposes an adaptive edge-oriented smoothing process to solve the above problem, in which the adaptive smoothing filter for the depth map is determined by the characteristics of the hole region with or without vertical lines in the color image. The adaptive smoothing filter contains two types: the asymmetric smoothing filter is used to reduce the geometric distortions by smoothing the hole regions with vertical lines that belong to the background; and the horizontal smoothing filter is used to reduce hole occurrence and computation time by smoothing the hole regions without vertical lines. The experiment results show that the proposed method turns out to be a good tradeoff between time saving, hole reduction rate, and virtual view quality.
Farming group are farmer associations with the aim of increasing agricultural yields and improving the lives of farmers and their families. Farmer groups as forum for farmers have a role that must be ...carried out. A role is a set of behaviors that a person in expected to have in society. The role of farmer groups in this article is as a vehicle for learning, a vehicle for cooperation, a production unit, a place for channeling aspirations, a place for deliberations, and an organizational forum. This article intends to describe the role of farmer groups in increasing the participation of farmer group members in sidosari village, natar district. This study used qualitative research methods. The data used are primary data in the form of interviews with respondents and secondary data in the form of books, journals and interne sources. Data analysis used descriptive data analysis and Rank Spearman. Based on the research, it was found that the role of farmer groups was not related to the level of participation of farmer group members, which was still lacking for several stages, such as the planning and evaluation stages.
Keberhasilan siswa dalam pembelajaran ditentukan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya kesiapan dalam belajar. Kesiapan belajar terdiri atas perhatian, motivasi, dan perkembangan kesiapan. Untuk dapat ...menjamin hasil belajar yang baik, maka peserta didik harus mempunyai perhatian terhadap bahan yang dipelajarinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan kesiapan Belajar Siswa dengan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas X SMK Muhammadiyah 03 Sukaraja. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMK Muhammadiyah 03 Sukaraja. Teknik pengumpulan data untuk mencari kesiapan belajar menggunakan angket, sedangkan pengumpulan data hasil belajar fisika siswa menggunakan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kesiapan peserta didik terhadap hasil belajar mata pelajaran pada mata pelajaran fisika. sesuai hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai thitung 6,62, serta memperoleh nilai ttabel 0,81. Dengan besar sumbangan (kontribusi) dari tingkat kesiapan peserta didik dengan hasil belajar Fisika peserta didik adalah sebesar 65,61% dan sisanya 34,39% disebabkan oleh faktor lain.HUBUNGAN READINESS (KESIAPAN) BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS X SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 03 SUKARAJA
The legal protection provided to the whistleblower is still ineffective and far from feeling safe and perfect and in the event that the complainant of a crime still often gets criminalized and ...discriminated against, the legal protection provided is still not sufficient to fulfill the sense of justice of what the complainant has given. This research uses normative legal research. The formulation of the problem in this study (1) Does the concept of legal protection for whistleblowers as contained in Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning amendments to Law Number 31 of 2014 regarding sex workers fulfill a sense of justice? and (2) What is the expected strategy in order to strengthen the regulation of legal protection for reporters of criminal acts of corruption in a just manner?. The conclusion of this study when viewed from the theory put forward by Lawrence M. Friedman which states that the success or failure of law enforcement is closely related to the legal system. firstly, at the level of substance, the existing regulations are still not sufficient so that more specific rules are needed to regulate legal protection for whistleblowers, the structure whose implementation is still in contact with authorities with other law enforcement officers, the culture of fulfilling the rights of those who report corruption crimes that are In practice, there is still an assessment and fulfillment of rights for reporting corruption crimes and the first strategy is providing education, information about legal protection by law enforcement officers to be given to the public in order to create legal awareness from the community.
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a sophisticated conserved cell signaling pathway that plays an essential role in controlling cell specification and proliferation, survival factors, and tissue patterning ...formation during embryonic development. Hh signal activity does not entirely disappear after development and may be reactivated in adulthood within tissue-injury-associated diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The dysregulation of Hh-associated activating transcription factors, genomic abnormalities, and microenvironments is a co-factor that induces the initiation and progression of IPF.
The present study examines the influence of user behaviour on the propagation of deceptive information on social media platforms within the Indonesian setting. It specifically focuses on the ...ramifications of such behaviour on political, health, business competition, and environmental matters. The beginning of the study highlights the gravity of the dissemination of hoaxes on social media platforms, attributing it to the algorithms that prioritise information that is engaging, frequently characterised by provocative or sensationalised headlines. The methodology section discusses how we adopted a mixed-methods approach to examine both quantitative data from social media metrics and qualitative data from user interviews. Additionally, network analysis was used to identify disinformation dissemination across platforms. The findings suggest that hoaxes spread quickly because they grab users' attention better than real information. Our research also shows that these fraudulent schemes can increase social strife, anger, and prejudice against certain groups or people, tarnishing their social standing. Our research shows that in democratic nations like Indonesia, where freedom of expression is important, incorrect information is often used for electoral gain. Our analysis shows that users need better digital literacy to handle this issue. Training people to spot fake news is one way to combat the growing problem of disinformation.
Number of populations, industry, and economic activities in Indonesia are growing rapidly and these impacts on natural environments raise awareness about water quality issue over the country. Bandung ...Basin, one of the most growing rapidity urban areas in Indonesia, was assessed for NO3− contamination in groundwater systems, and its controlling factors and driving mechanisms were investigated with the aim to demonstrate novelty on the use of combination of parameters of stable isotope ratios in nitrate (δ15N and δ18O in NO3−), groundwater age (using CFC-12 age tracer), and socioeconomic parameters (land-use, population, and economic database). Groundwater NO3− concentrations at present time did not exceed HWO limit for all the analyzed samples (3.00 mg/L in average with maximum value of 20.69 mg/L, n = 102). Dual stable isotopic analysis together with CFC-12 groundwater age determination suggest that anthropogenic activities are the major causes for increasing NO3− concentrations in groundwater. Those activities under respective land-use are industrial and domestic wastes for urban areas and chemical fertilizers for paddy and plantations areas. In general shallow unconfined aquifer is more vulnerable to NO3− contamination compared with deep confined aquifer because denitrification partly occurs in deep anoxic aquifer and this led attenuation of NO3− pollution in groundwater flowing. However, it seems likely at groundwater depression cones in urban areas that more concentrated waters are transported from shallow aquifer into deep aquifer system through downward vertical fluxes due to excessive pumping. Principal component analysis (PCA) on NO3− concentrations with socioeconomic parameters indicated that industrial and population growths are the main factors related to groundwater NO3− contamination. This result corresponds to CFC-age dating which shows younger (more recently recharged) groundwaters as being more contaminated than older ones do. Our study implies that NO3− contamination in this area may become more severe in future with a lack of necessary controls and treatment for human-induced nitrogen sources. Proposed approach is useful to understand how the NO3− contaminant behaves in large basin aquifer system under urban environments and might be applicable in other developing regions too because increasing populations may be associated with increasing nitrogen loadings.
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•Examining nitrate with stable isotopes, age dating and socioeconomic parameters.•Compare the behavior of nitrate contamination under three different land use.•Considerate the relationship nitrate contamination with socioeconomic parameters.•Reveals the main driving mechanisms of nitrate contamination by using PCA method.
Keterangan ahli adalah salah satu alat bukti yang digunakan dalam hukum acara pidana berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 184 KUHAP. Keterangan ahli hukum pidana juga digunakan dalam pembuktian tindak pidana ...korupsi. Dalam praktik, terdapat beberapa masalah yang berkaitan dengan peranan ahli hukum pidana dalam pembuktian tindak pidana korupsi. Di antara masalah tersebut adalah tudingan tidak objektifnya para ahli dalam memberikan keterangan. Keterangan yang diberikan cenderung menguntungkan siapa yang menghadirkannya. Hasil penelitian secara empirik menemukan beberapa masalah dalam proses pembuktian yang menggunakan keterangan ahli hukum pidana. Beberapa masalah itu di antaranya : Hal apa yang harus dibuktikan oleh seorang ahli hukum pidana, siapa yang seharusnya menghadirkan ahli, apakah penyidik dan hakim terikat pada keterangan ahli hukum pidana, apakah para ahli yang memberikan keterangan berkaitan dengan biaya operasional dan honorarium, serta pertanyaan-pertanyaan lainnya yang belum ditemukan jawabannya secara yuridis. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut diharapkan ada pengaturan yang jelas terkait peranan ahli hukum pidana dalam pembuktian tindak pidana korupsi.
This review covers the production and utilisation of liquids from the thermal processing of biomass and related materials to substitute for synthetic phenol and formaldehyde in phenol formaldehyde ...resins. These resins are primarily employed in the manufacture of wood panels such as plywood, MDF, particle-board and OSB. The most important thermal conversion methods for this purpose are fast pyrolysis and vacuum pyrolysis, pressure liquefaction and phenolysis. Many feedstocks have been tested for their suitability as sources of phenolics including hard and softwoods, bark and residual lignins. Resins have been prepared utilising either the whole liquid product, or a phenolics enriched fraction obtained after fractional condensation or further processing, such as solvent extraction. None of the phenolics production and fractionation techniques covered in this review are believed to allow substitution of 100% of the phenol content of the resin without impacting its effectiveness compared to commercial formulations based on petroleum derived phenol. This survey shows that considerable progress has been made towards reaching the goal of a price competitive renewable resin, but that further research is required to meet the twin challenges of low renewable resin cost and satisfactory quality requirements. Particular areas of concern are wood panel press times, variability of renewable resin properties, odour, lack of reactive sites compared to phenol and potential for increased emissions of volatile organic compounds.
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