Barrier dysfunction in the skin allergy Egawa, Gyohei; Kabashima, Kenji
Allergology International,
January 2018, 20180101, 2018-Jan, 2018-01-00, 2018-01-01, Letnik:
67, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The skin is continuously exposed to external pathogens, and its barrier function is critical for skin homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that the barrier dysfunction is one of the most ...predisposing factors for the development of skin allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis. In this article, we summarize how the physical barrier of the skin is organized and review its link to the pathomechanism of skin allergic diseases. We describe the formation of the SC barrier in terms of the following five categories: 1) filaggrin metabolism; 2) cornified envelope; 3) intercellular lipids; 4) corneodesmosome; and 5) corneocyte desquamation. New approaches to restoring the skin barrier function are also discussed.
The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) has renewed the paradigm of disaster medicine. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (TJEM) widened its scope to include the disaster science from ...the health perspectives. TJEM has been accumulating 76 articles related with “disaster” or “pandemic” out of which 69 were published after 2011. Tohoku University established the International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS) that took initiative to impact the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (Sendai Framework) to include health aspect. Sendai Framework provided the platform for collaboration of different sectors, including the terminology that defines the concept of disaster, risk, hazard & exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity. Disaster medicine covers the diverse causes and damages of disasters by various hazards in this globalized and rapidly changing world. TJEM articles range the physical and mental health damage after the GEJE and other disasters with approved ethical consideration of investigations from the view point of affected area, mechanisms of hazard to affect human health including the radiation, virus or hazardous materials, proposal of refinement of health system to cope with disasters such as mental health support, risk communication, disaster medical coordination and hospital business continuity plan and future perspectives with reconstruction including Tohoku Medical Megabank Project. TJEM scope on disaster medicine had been widened during the 10 years after GEJE and IRIDeS can be the bridging hub not only between the health sector and other sectors, but also between disaster medicine and other medical disciplines.
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is occasionally associated with other autoimmune diseases.
To investigate the pathophysiology of AIP, we immunohistochemically examined the pancreas and other organs in ...eight patients with AIP, and in controls, using anti-CD4-T and CD8-T cell subsets, as well as IgG4 antibodies.
In AIP patients, severe or moderate infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells associated with CD4- or CD8-positive T lymphocytes was detected in the peripancreatic tissue (6/6), bile duct (8/8), gallbladder (8/8), portal area of the liver (3/3), gastric mucosa (5/7), colonic mucosa (2/2), salivary glands (1/2), lymph nodes (6/6), and bone marrow (2/2), as well as in the pancreas (8/8). There were few IgG4-positive plasma cells at the same sites in controls.
These results suggest that AIP is not simply pancreatitis but that it is a pancreatic lesion involved in IgG4-related systemic disease with extensive organ involvement. We propose a new clinicopathological entity, of a systemic IgG4-related autoimmune disease in which AIP and its associated diseases might be involved. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is occasionally associated with other autoimmune diseases.
The immunological anatomy of the skin Kabashima, Kenji; Honda, Tetsuya; Ginhoux, Florent ...
Nature reviews. Immunology,
01/2019, Letnik:
19, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The skin is the outermost organ of the body and is continuously exposed to external pathogens. Upon inflammation, various immune cells pass through, reside in or are recruited to the skin to ...orchestrate diverse cutaneous immune responses. To achieve this, immune cells interact with each other and even communicate with non-immune cells, including peripheral nerves and the microbiota. Immunologically important anatomical sites, such as skin appendages (for example, hair follicles and sweat glands) or postcapillary venules, act as special portal sites for immune cells and for establishing tertiary lymphoid structures, including inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue. Here, we provide an overview of the key findings and concepts of cutaneous immunity in association with skin anatomy and discuss how cutaneous immune cells fine-tune physiological responses in the skin.
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•The geared motion of the model molecule for the molecular gear is hindered rotation.•The molecular gear cannot stay in the initial position, because of the tunneling.•The tunneling ...causes gear slippage during the rotation of the molecular gear.
The quantum chemical calculations of a model molecule for the molecular spur gear at the M06-2X/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory have been carried out to obtain the potential energy surface for the two-dimensional internal rotations. The energy levels, the wavefunctions and the time evolution of the wave packets have been calculated to evaluate the performance of the molecule as a gear. It was confirmed that the geared rotation of the two rotors is a hindered rotation, not a free rotation. It has been also revealed that the molecule can undergo the “slippage” of the gear mesh because of the tunneling.
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common skin diseases, consisting of sensitization and elicitation phases. With the advancement of technology and the discovery of new types of ...immune cells, our knowledge of the immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) as a murine model of ACD has expanded significantly in the past decade. For example, by introducing regulatory T cells, CD4+ T-helper 17 cells, and Langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells, the initiation and termination mechanism of CHS has been revealed. In addition, the role of mast cells in CHS, long a matter of debate, has become apparent by developing conditional mast cell–deficient mice. Moreover, the role of the innate immunity system, such as that of Toll-like receptor signaling, has made a breakthrough in this field. In this review, we will integrate the recent advancement of immunological mechanisms of both the sensitization and elicitation phases of CHS into the classic view, and we will discuss updated mechanisms on its development and future directions.
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