The present study investigated the toxic action of acrylamide (ACR) and the abrogative effect of aqueous propolis extract on ACR-induced toxicity in male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats ...were randomly divided into four groups and administered the treatment doses orally by gavage. Control, treated with a physiological solution (5.0 ml/rat). ACR-treated group, treated with ACR 25 mg/kg. ACR + propolis, treated with 25 mg/kg ACR + 100 mg/kg propolis. Propolis-treated group, treated with 100 mg/kg. The treatment period was 28 days, the treatment doses were administered orally using a gavage stomach tube. The results showed that the presence of ACR increased (
< 0.001) the level of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (167.2 vs 90.15) and aspartate aminotransferase (120.66 vs 41.52) in the liver tissue serum and lipid peroxidation products (80.11 vs 39.3); also, it decreased (
< 0.001) the total capacity of antioxidants (113.4 vs 189.41) compared to the control group. The histological analysis of the kidney revealed alterations induced by ACR, including atrophy, necrosis, renal glomeruli atrophy, tubular necrosis, enlargement of the glomeruli, hemorrhage, and edema surrounding the blood vessels. Also, the results showed that the rats treated with propolis improved liver and kidney functions because of propolis’s efficiency against the harmful effects of ACR. Moreover, the histological examination of the liver tissue revealed negative changes, with focal necrosis in hepatocytes. Microscopic examination showed tubular necrosis within the seminiferous tubules, sloughing, and desquamation of sperm cells into the lumen. Also, an infiltration of protein substances between the tubules and degenerative vacuolar changes between sperm cells was observed. The renal, hepatic, and testicular tissues appeared almost similar to the control group, except for some minor changes. This study proved that feeding the rats with propolis reduced these pathological effects and restored the tissues to a normal state. It is concluded that using propolis with ACR significantly reduced the biochemical and histological damage caused by ACR, and recommends using propolis as a cytoprotective agent against pathological toxicity of ACR.
Pure and manganese-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (MnTiO2-NPs) were synthesized by the defect-oriented hydrothermal approach. The synthesized material was then characterized by X-ray ...diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The agar well diffusion method assessed the antibacterial efficiency of TiO2 and MnTiO2-NPs against E. coli and S. aureus. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) formed by pure TiO2 was observed as 12 mm and 11.5 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, while for MnTiO2-NPs it was observed as 19 mm (E. coli) and 21 mm (S. aureus). The concentration of synthesized nanoparticles (10 mg/ml, and 20 mg/ml) was used for antibacterial studies. The efficacy of the pure and MnTiO2-NPs as an active photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was also assessed using a UV light. It was observed that the photodegradation efficiency of 1 g of MnTiO2-NPs was higher than the same amount of pure TiO2. The results suggest that the photocatalyst concentration directly impacts the photodegradation of MB dye. The pH value was found to influence the photodegradation of MB dye at higher pH values. Based on the obtained results, MnTiO2-NPs were observed as a promising agent for microbial resistance and water remediation.
•Highlights (for review).•Synthesized pure and manganese-doped TiO2-NPs via defect-oriented hydrothermal technique.•MnTiO2-NPs were found to have better antibacterial efficiency than TiO2.•MnTiO2-NPs were found as a promising agent for microbial resistance.•MnTiO2-NPs were found as an active photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue.
Clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the Myrtaceae family. It's a common flavor in food and the traditional medicine. The study's objective was to ascertain whether the clove bud aqueous ...extract (CAE) and CAE + nanosilver have any biological effects on immune cells and HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Nanosilver was produced through green synthesis approach using CAE. Produced nanosilver was characterized via electron microscope (scanning, SEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. CAE and CAE + nanosilver were examined for their active biomolecules using FTIR analysis, p53 contents using real-time PCR, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest power on HT-29 cancer cell line via flow cytometerty and immunomodulatory potential utilizing MTT assay. Results cleared that a spherical nanosilver with a diameter range of 53 nm was formed by CAE. There were several active biomolecules in CAE and CAE + nanosilver. CAE and CAE + nanosilver increased the p53 protein expression and apoptotic cell number in HT-29 colon cancer cells. CAE and CAE + nanosilver could arrest HT-29 cells at the phase G2/M. CAE and CAE + nanosilver stimulated quiescent and PHA-pre-treated splenic cells at higher concentrations, and CAE suppressed quiescent splenic cell when diluted. In conclusion, the safe edible Syzygium aromaticum plant can be utilized to make anti-tumor agent, essentially for colon tumor. As Syzygium aromaticum plant could stimulate immune cells, it can be used as immune-stimulatory agent that can help fight tumor and tumor development.
Aim of the current study was to prepare and estimate capsaicin loaded microemulgel (CaP-ME) for the treatment of inflammation. The preparation of CaP-ME was based on the pseudo ternary phase diagram ...by the phase titration method using various oils such as clove oil, cinnamon oil, turpent oil. To the CaP-ME, different combination of gelling agents was incorporated. CaP-ME was prepared by incorporating different gelling agent such as aerosil and chitosan in to a CaP-MEs. Various preparations were assessed for pH, physical appearance, spreadability, in vitro release and particle size (PS), etc. The results obtained from the preparation of CaP-ME exhibited globule size of 31.6 ± 1.11 nm, polydisperse index (0.441 ± 0.02), % transmittance, and drug content (95.5 ± 8.16%) were within in the range. From the performed pseudo ternary phase diagrams using various oils, 3 pseudo ternary phase diagram was selected based on the area of ME for the further formulation of MEs. Three MEs (F1, F2, F3) were prepared and the F3 shown the better results in all the parameters. The chitosan (G1)-based CaP-ME (F3) gel had a good transparency, better spreadability, extrudability, pH and in vitro release (94.76 ± 5.09%). Hence, it was concluded that turpentine oil is the best oil phase for the preparation of CaP-MEs when compared with other oils like clove oil and cinnamon oil and chitosan-based gel exhibits their efficient topical delivery.
Colorectal cancer is reported as the third major incentive of cancer doom. The present work is meant to examine the anticancer potential of Origanum majorana leaf acetone extract (OMAE) to fight ...HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Biomolecules in OMAE were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OMAE was determined using an immunosobant assay. The cytotoxic effect of OMAE was tested by MTT assay. p53 gene expression level of OMAE-tread cells was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Apoptotic and cell cycle arrest effects of OMAE on HT-29 were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results revealed the presence of many functional groups and considerable amount of ROS in the extract. The extract could raise p53 expression level five folds over control. OMAE arrested the HT-29 at G2/M phase. OMAE has an apoptotic effect rather than necrotic effects Our discoveries give solid proof that O. majorana acetone extract has a capacity to stop colon cancer activity, at least, through the enlistment of cell division arrest as well as apoptosis. These findings can suggest the use of OMAE as a natural therapeutic candidate against the colon cancer.
A high cholesterol diet is related to ovarian dysfunction and infertility which has been increased among young ages consuming processed food products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ...role of a high cholesterol diet on the ovaries of young female rats via assessments of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, oxidative stress and apoptic markers. Also, mating of hypercholesterolemic female rats was carried out to measure the fertility and numbers of their offspring. At the same time, phytotherapy was carried out through supplementing the diet with barley and/ or date palm fruits (10%) during the experiment to assess the phyto-therapeutic impacts in attenuation of drastic hypercholesterolemic effects. Hypercholesterolemic diet-fed rats exhibited damage of the ovarian follicles and increased follicular atresia. Furthermore, expression of cleaved caspase-3 was upregulated, while PCNA was downregulated in granulosa, theca and stroma cells. Hypercholesterolemic female rats showed marked depletion of antioxidative enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation and apoptotic markers. Alterations to the female serum hormones were detected. Offspring maternally fed on hypercholesterolemic diet showed a significant decrease of body weight and altered sex ratio. However, concomitant supplementation of barley and or date fruits to hypercholesterolemic groups revealed marked improvement of ovarian structure and function. On the basis of these evidences, it is believed that the enhanced synergistic effects of barley and/or date palm fruits in the amelioration of ovarian structure and functions were elicited by the potential antioxidant activity of their phytomicronutrients, polyphenols, β-glucan and trace elements. These materials scavenge free radicals from inflamed cells that can be used to establish an effective and novel therapeutic strategy for activating ovarian cell regeneration.
We investigated the detrimental effects of diabetes on myocardium of pregestational streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mother rats and their neonates via evaluations of oxidative redox, inflammatory and ...apoptotic pathways, also aiming to characterize whether calcitriol and/or pomegranate peel extract confer myocardial protection in hyperglycaemic dams and their foetuses via modulation of the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade. Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomized into five groups (N = 12): control, diabetic, diabetic treated with calcitriol and/or pomegranate peel extract (PPE), and mated with non-diabetic healthy males. After confirmation of pregnancy, treatments were kept until gestational day (E-18). Serum and cardiac tissues of mothers and foetuses were collected and processed for biochemical, histopathological, and molecular assessments. We observed that, compared to the control, diabetic mothers showed dramatically increased hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia associated with decreased myocardial functions and disrupted maternal performance. Also, diabetic mothers and their neonates exhibited elevated levels of myocardial injury (troponin I, endothelin 1, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase), with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1, interleukin 1β, transforming growth factor β) and oxidative redox. Concurrently, the MAPK pathway was significantly down-regulated with increased myocardial apoptotic activity. Furthermore, mRNA expression of angiogenic and fibrotic markers was significantly increased. Paradoxically, calcitriol and/or pomegranate peel extract alleviated these diabetic myocardial insults and normalized the aforementioned assayed parameters. Our findings hypothesized that calcitriol and/or pomegranate peel extract exerted cardioameliorative impacts due to their unique anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be a promising treatment that directly targets the secondary myocardial complications of diabetes in dams and their offspring.
Our study was mainly designed to describe the structural and functional adaptations of tongue and gastro-intestinal tract of Rousettus aegyptiacus (Ra) and Taphozous perforatus (Tp) in relation to ...their diets. Ten adult bats from each species captured and investigated using histological, histochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our finding showed that tongue of both species carried mechanical and gustatory papillae. In Ra, the mechanical papillae were subdivided to conical (small and large) and filiform (giant, rousette, leaf-like and spear-like) papillae with regional-specific lingual arrangement. However, there were only two types of filiform papillae in Tp (pronged and crown-shaped). Consistently, though both species carried three vallate papillae at the radix linguae, our histological findings showed comparably varied structure for these papillae. The vallate papillae contained about ten ovoid taste buds in Tp, while it was made up of single barrel-shaped taste bud in Ra. Based on their dietary diversity, the gastro-intestinal tract in both species showed remarkable differences. Importantly, our records revealed that Tp had thicker stomach layers with increased mucosal folding arborization (rugae) than Ra. In addition to significantly increased numbers of branched gastric glands in Tp compared to Ra. Intestinal villi were relatively shorter in Tp with increased numbers of goblet cells than Ra; with different topography in SEM. The gastric mucous cells and intestinal goblet cells were positive for alcian blue stain, while the neutral mucopolysaccharides were detected in the mucosal basal parietal and chief cells and intestinal crypts of Lieberkühn with intense reactions in Tp more than Ra. These findings brought out distinct paradox adaptations in tongues and digestive tracts; based on the dietary and energetic demand for each species.
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