Background
There is limited data in the literature regarding the role of nonarthrographic MRI for detecting biceps pulley (BP) lesions.
Purpose
To assess the accuracy of nonarthrographic MRI for ...detecting BP lesions, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of various MRI signs (superior glenohumeral ligament discontinuity/nonvisibility, long head of biceps (LHB) displacement sign or subluxation/dislocation, LHB tendinopathy, and supraspinatus and subscapularis tendon lesions) in detecting such lesions.
Study Type
Retrospective.
Population
84 patients (32 in BP‐lesion group and 52 in BP‐intact group‐as confirmed by arthroscopy).
Field Strength/Sequence
1.5‐T, T1‐weighted turbo spin echo (TSE), T2‐weighted TSE, and proton density‐weighted TSE spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) sequences.
Assessment
Three radiologists independently reviewed all MRI data for the presence of BP lesions and various MRI signs. The MRI signs and final MRI diagnoses were tested for accuracy regarding detecting BP lesions using arthroscopy results as the reference standard. Furthermore, the inter‐reader agreement (IRA) between radiologists was determined.
Statistical Tests
Student's t‐tests, Chi‐squared, and Fisher's exact tests, and 4‐fold table test were used. The IRA was calculated using Kappa statistics. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonarthrographic MRI for detecting BP lesions were 65.6%–78.1%, 90.4%–92.3%, and 81%–86.9%, respectively. The highest accuracy was noticed for the LHB displacement sign (84.5%–86.9%), and the highest sensitivity was registered for the LHB tendinopathy sign (87.5%). Furthermore, the highest specificity was observed for the LHB displacement sign and LHB subluxation/dislocation sign (98.1%–100%). The IRA regarding final MRI diagnosis and MRI signs of BP lesions was good to very good (κ = 0.76–0.98).
Data Conclusion
Nonarthrographic shoulder MRI may show good diagnostic accuracy for detecting BP lesions. The LHB displacement sign could serve as the most accurate and specific sign for diagnosis of BP lesions.
Level of Evidence
3
Technical Efficacy
Stage 2
Endoscopic septoplasty below the age of 17 years Abdelaal, Taha Mohamed; Badie, Samer; Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdelatty ...
The Egyptian journal of otolaryngology,
12/2023, Letnik:
39, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background
The claim that septoplasty in children should not be done was raised in the early last century. Pediatric septoplasty is highly controversial. Some surgeons are concerned that early ...surgical intervention before age 17 can adversely affect the normal growth of the nose and face. On the contrary, there is evidence of significant dental, palatal, and facial abnormalities following traumatic damage to the septal cartilage. Therefore, surgical correction of the deviated nasal septum may be performed regardless of the patient’s age. The recommendation of early surgery is based on the explanation that the earlier the correction of septal deviation, the better the outcome of developing normal breath and acceptable facial growth. This study evaluates the nasal and facial bony growth after endoscopic septoplasty for patients below the age of 17 years.
Methods
This retrospective study reviewed 39 patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty. The involved patients’ age at surgery was below 17 years old. Postoperative evaluation was done for all patients subjectively using the visual analog scale (VAS) and objectively by endoscopic nose examination. The nasal and facial bony growth were evaluated using lateral cephalometry, which was carried out for each patient when they reached the age of 17.
Results
Thirty-nine patients underwent endoscopic septoplasty. The median visual analog scale for nose block and headache significantly declined after the procedure significant differences were observed between patients and controls regarding the following parameters: palatal length, anterior skull base, mid-face protrusion, and mid-face length.
Conclusion
Early endoscopic septoplasty below the age of 17 is a safe procedure and does not compromise the nasal or facial growth when indicated for patients with severe persistent nose block and poor quality of life.
Background
Anterior knee pain (AKP) is a problematic complaint, considered to be the most frequent cause of orthopedic consultancy for knee problems. This study aimed to highlight diagnostic accuracy ...of ultrasonography as a fast imaging technique in assessment of patients with AKP.
Methods and results
A prospective study was conducted on 143 patients with clinically confirmed AKP. All patients underwent ultrasonography and MRI examinations of the knee. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography compared to MRI for evaluating different findings of possible causes of AKP were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and judged by area under curve (AUC). A total of 155 knees were included in the study; 26 knees showed no abnormalities, 19 knees showed positive MRI only, and 110 knees showed positive ultrasonography and MRI. Ultrasonography and MRI reported 11 different findings of possible causes of AKP or related to it. Joint effusion was the most common finding (38%) followed by trochlear cartilage defect (20.6%) and superficial infrapatellar subcutaneous edema (20%). The overall accuracy of ultrasonography was 85.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The ultrasonography provided the highest sensitivity (100%) in detecting bipartite patella, followed by 91.5% for joint effusion, and 87.5% for quadriceps tendinopathy. The ROC curve analysis of overall accuracy of ultrasonography showed an AUC of 0.93. The overall Kappa agreement between ultrasonography and MRI was good (
k
= 0.66).
Conclusion
Ultrasonography can be used to make a swift screening and assessment of painful anterior knee and as an alternative to MRI when it is unavailable or contraindicated.
Background
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common health problem faced by aging men and can be associated with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). BPH patients usually suffer from lower urinary ...tract symptoms (LUTS) including obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the correlation between MRI-derived prostate measurements and BPH-induced symptoms and findings including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, and Postvoid residual urine (PVR).
Methods
In all, 34 patients (mean age was 58 ± 8 years, range 43 to 73 years) were examined by prostate MRI, uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine, and fulfilled International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire in this prospective study. The MRI-derived measurements including total prostate volume, transition zone volume, transition zone index, prostatic urethral angle, intravesical prostatic protrusion, and anterior fibromuscular stroma distance were correlated with International Prostate Symptom Score, uroflowmetry including maximum flow rate (
Q
max
) and
Q
max
grades, and postvoid residual urine using Pearson correlation coefficients (
r
) and multiple linear regression. Relationship between BPH types was correlated with the same parameters using one-way analysis of variance.
Results
We found a strong significant correlation between total prostate volume, transition zone volume, and transition zone index with International Prostate Symptom Score,
Q
max
,
Q
max
grades, and postvoid residual urine; however, in multiple linear regression analysis, all of them were found to be significant parameters for International Prostate Symptom Score. Also, our study showed a strong significant correlation between anterior fibromuscular stroma distance and intravesical prostatic protrusion with International Prostate Symptom Score and postvoid residual urine; however, in multiple linear regression analysis, only intravesical prostatic protrusion was found to be a significant parameter for postvoid residual urine. Our results also revealed a significant correlation between BPH types with
Q
max
,
Q
max
grades, International Prostate Symptom Score, and postvoid residual urine.
Conclusion
S
everal MRI-derived prostate parameters (total prostatic volume, transition zone volume, transition zone index, prostatic urethral angle, intravesical prostatic protrusion, anterior fibromuscular stroma distance, and BPH types) correlating significantly with the International Prostate Symptom Score, uroflowmetry parameters (
Q
max
and
Q
max
grades), and postvoid residual urine.
This study aimed to describe the positions of the lamina papyracea (LP) in patients who had nasal polypi, by computed tomography (CT) analysis.
Paranasal CT scans of patients diagnosed to have nasal ...polypi were included in the study. CT images were acquired with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal planes for all subjects. Positions of the LP were registered then analyzed in relation to nasal polypi grading.
Forty seven subjects (94 nasal sides) were included in the current study. Grade I lamina detected in 50% or more of all cases. Patients who had larger polypi (polyp grade 3, 4) were associated with significantly more medial LP (grade II) than smaller polypi (polyp grade 0, 1, 2) (P=0.00386).
The current study improves surgeons’ awareness of LP position in different grades of nasal polypi and highlights that larger polypi are significantly associated with more medial LP than smaller polypi. This may be one of the causes of the higher incidence of complication in larger polypi and can help for safer surgery.
Background
The CT details of the dimensions of the posterior ethmoid sinus are not fully covered in the literature, so building up for a base for the CT measurements and description of that area is ...important. Preoperative details of the posterior ethmoid sinuses are mandatory before any approach or procedure involving this area
.
Objective
To determine the different dimensions, measurements, and grading of the posterior ethmoid sinus by computed tomography (CT) that were not previously published.
Methods
Two hundred paranasal CT scans (400 sides) were included in the study. Axial images were acquired with multiplanar reformats to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes for all subjects.
Results
Within 200 CTs (400 sides), the mean anteroposterior dimension of the posterior ethmoid was 13.62± 1.75 mm (range= 9.5–19.5), the mean posterior ethmoid transverse diameter was 12.15+1.6 mm (range= 8–16.2) and the mean posterior ethmoid height was 44.64±3.83 mm (range= 35.8–56) without reported significant differences between both sides in all posterior ethmoid dimensions. The mean width of the posterior ethmoid sinus and its height from the orbital roof and nasal floor was significantly more in males than in females. There was significantly lower fovea ethmoidalis in males than females as we go posterior.
Conclusion
This study improves surgeons’ awareness and orientation of posterior ethmoid sinus variations in the endoscopic sinus surgery and can be of help to residents in training.
Background
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) magnifies the role of preoperative imaging for detailed middle ear anatomy particularly its hidden area. The purpose of the current study was to ...assess the sinus tympani (ST) and supratubal recess (STR) by HRCT, to create CT classification of the STR depth, and to study the relationship between ST types and the new STR grades.
Results
In HRCT of non-pathological temporal bones of 100 subjects (200 ears), measurements of the STR and ST were calculated, registered, and analyzed. The depth of the STR was classified into grade 1 with depth less than 3 mm, grade 2 with depth ranged between 3 and 5 mm, and grade 3 with depth more than 5 mm. The mean STR length, width, and height were 4.17 ± 0.86, 3.55 ± 0.65, and 3.64 ± 0.7 mm, respectively, while the ST mean length and width of were 2.52 ± 0.5 and 1.82 ± 0.78 mm, respectively, without significant differences between either sexes or sided. The ST types were found to be type A in 56 ears (28%), type B in 142 ears (71%), and type C in 2 ears (1%). The STR grading was grade 1 in 12 ears (6%), grade 2 in 160 ears (80%), and grade 3 in 28 ears (14%) without significant relationship between ST types and STR grading (
P
= 0.3).
Conclusion
The current study provided reliable and applicable methods of CT assessment of STR and ST that can help to predict the degree of surgical visibility of the ST and STR during ear surgery.
Background
Perianal fistula (PAF) is an abnormal tract communicating an external cutaneous opening in the perianal region to the anal canal. PAF is one of the common anorectal disorders in surgical ...practice with high prevalence. The current study aimed to determine the ability of preoperative MRI for preoperative evaluation of perianal fistula.
Results
This is a retrospective evaluation of 65 patients with perianal fistula. MRI fistula imaging-related data were revised, and fistula severity was scored using criteria of both local extension of fistulas and active inflammation for a total maximum score of 22. Preoperative MRI could predict the severity of perianal disease with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 75%, 92%, and 84.6%, respectively. Surgical findings concerning PAF severity correlated significantly with MRI findings. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) provided high sensitivity and accuracy with 100% specificity for fistula visualization and highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of cavities > 3 mm in diameter. DW-MRI provided the highest specificity rate on ROC curve analysis among the three MRI pulse sequences (DW-MRI, short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and T1 post-contrast).
Conclusion
MRI is valuable and accurate for preoperative investigation for PAF evaluation and abscess localization. MRI allowed accurate detection of internal fistula opening and its relation to sphincters. DW-MRI is a valuable sequence with highest diagnostic yield, and its addition to STIR WI improves sensitivity and specificity for determination of fistula activity and extension.
Objective. To study the association of the grade of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and urinary tract infections (UTI) with renal scarring at the first clinical presentation of patients who underwent ...antireflux surgery. Materials and methods. Between 2015 and 2020, 150 patients (194 units) who underwent antireflux surgery had dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans preoperatively. Patients were classified into the nonscar and scar groups according to DMSA scan results. Moreover, cases were classified into afebrile UTI, febrile UTI, and antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) according to the mode of presentation. We correlated the mode of presentation and the grade of VUR to the presence/absence of renal scars in both groups. Results. The mean follow-up was 45 months preoperatively. The mode of presentation was afebrile, febrile UTIs, and antenatal hydronephrosis in (50, 14), (20, 46), and (10, 10) patients in the nonscar and scar groups, respectively. Of the 20 patients who presented ANH, 10 (50%) had scars. Clinical presentation was correlated to the presence of renal scarring and its degree. The scar group had significantly higher grades of VUR than the nonscar group (grades I–II (50 units versus 10 units), grade III (28 units versus 40 units), and grade IV–V (22 units versus 44 units) for the nonscar versus scar groups, respectively (pvalue <0.001). Conclusion. Renal scarring is associated with higher grades of reflux and urinary tract infections. We advocate further research investigating infants who had UTIs with or without fever for early detection of reflux.
To evaluate the efficacy of bladder ultrasound (US) in predicting the resolution of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after subureteral endoscopic Deflux injection in low-grade vs high-grade VUR patients.
...Between 2014 and 2020, 160 children (220 ureters) were administered subureteral Deflux injection for treatment of primary VUR. The mean age at surgery was 72 months. Low-grade reflux (grades II-III) was observed in 190 ureters and high-grade reflux (grades IV-V) was observed in 30 ureters. Bilateral surgery was performed in 60 patients. All patients had follow-up using bladder US and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) at 3 months and 12 months. Outcome included identification of Deflux mounds by bladder US and correlation of Deflux mounds identified with radiographic success rates of VUR on VCUG.
Single Deflux injection showed radiographic success rates in 98% of low grade reflux patients and 26.7% of high grade reflux patients at last follow-up. Bladder US was able to detect Deflux mounds in 89% of low grade reflux and 43.3% of high grade reflux patients at last follow up. Our study demonstrated higher sensitivity, Positive predictive value and accuracy in Deflux detection by bladder US in low grade reflux vs high grade reflux patients.
Bladder-US was highly sensitive for detection of Deflux implants. Bladder-US could be adjusted in follow-up of patients with low-grade reflux treated by Deflux injection, while VCUG could be preserved for follow-up of high-grade reflux, this will lead to reduction of unnecessary radiation exposure during VCUG for children with low grade reflux.
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