Problema valabilității împuternicirilor reprezentanților contractuali în cadrul proceselor civile dintotdeauna a generat în practică discuții controversate. Articolul 81 CPC RM, deși pare simplu și ...clar, totuși cauzează un soi de disconfort pentru justițiabili, motiv pentru care se caută posibilități de surmontare a acestuia. Recurgerea la norme de drept material pentru a eluda rigorile procesuale nu este o tendință salutară (de exemplu, la art.370 din Codul civil). Însă, legiuitorul Republicii Moldova ar putea căuta o soluție pentru a legifera modul de ratificare a actelor de procedură efectuate de reprezentantul fără împuterniciri, după cum și practica judiciară trebuie să se schimbe pentru a evita tentațiile substituirii normelor procedurale prin norme de drept material. RATIFICATION OF CIVIL PROCEDURE ACTS CARRIED OUT BY A CONTRACTUAL REPRESENTATIVE WITHOUT AUTHORIZATIONS: TO BE OR NOT TO BE?The problem of the contractual representatives’ authorizations during civil proceedings has always led to controversial discussions in practice. Even though it seems to be simple and clear, art. 81 of Civil Code of Procedure causes a kind of discomfort for citizens seeking justice, which is the reason to look for possibilities of overcoming this situation. Making use of rules of substantive law with the intention to avoid procedural rigors does not represent a welcomed tendency (as, for exemple in art. 370 of Civil Code). However, the legislator of the Republic of Moldova could look for a solution with the purpose of legislating the way to ratify the procedure acts carried out by representatives without authorizations. The judicial practice also needs changing as to avoid the temptation to substitute proceedings rules through rules of substantive law.
În cadrul procesului civil, pârâtul poate să se apere cu ajutorul obiecțiilor material-juridice, excepțiilor procesuale și al acțiunii reconvenționale. Pe lângă aceste mijloace principale de apărare ...ale pârâtului, identificăm modalități atipice de apărare care pot contribui la apărarea eficientă a drepturilor și intereselor pârâtului. La categoria mijloacelor atipice de apărare atribuim tranzacția de împăcare și atragerea intervenientului accesoriu în proces. În cadrul prezentului articol examinăm particularitățile, condițiile și efectele apărării pârâtului cu ajutorul mijloacelor atipice de apărare. ATYPICAL MEANS OF DEFENCE OF THE DEFENDANT IN THE CIVIL PROCEEDINGSIn the civil proceedings, the defendant may defend themselves with the help of material objections, procedural exceptions and counterclaim. In addition to these main means of defence, we identified atypical means of defence that can contribute to the effective defence of the rights and interests of the defendant. The category of atypical means of defence encompasses the settlement agreement and the involvement of the accessory intervener in the civil proceeding. In this article, we examine the particularities, conditions and effects of the atypical means of defence.
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) low molecular weight compounds based on triazoles, phenothiazine and pyridine-
N
-oxide units bonded by short flexible chains have been obtained by a "click" ...chemistry reaction. The photophysical properties were explored by UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy in solution, water suspension, and amorphous and crystalline films. The UV-vis absorption spectra indicated a typical behavior for nanoparticle formation. An emission intensity enhancement of 233-fold higher was registered for the crystalline films compared to solutions, clearly indicating an aggregation-induced emission behavior. The morphology study, in suspension and film, monitored by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy methods, indicated that nano- and micro-crystals of rose-like shapes and fibers were formed.
AIE triazoles based on phenothiazine and pyridine-
N
-oxide units provided micro- and nano-crystals with an emission enhancement of 233-fold higher.
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A new series of indazole-indolizine-triazine hybrid molecules was obtained by 3 + 2 cycloaddition reaction between newly synthesized nitrogen ylides with indazole skeleton and ...previously reported dipolarophile 2‐ethynyl‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine and fully characterized. The biological evaluation of hybrids revealed good antitumor growth inhibitory activity against UO-31 renal cancer cell line for the (1H-indazole-1-yl)(1-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-7-methylindolizin-3-yl)methanone derivative 7a. Also, for the same compound, a moderate farnesyltransferase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 52.50 ± 16.07 µM) was observed. However, the best result as farnesyltransferase inhibitor of the series was registered for the 5-bromoindazole substituted analogue 7e (IC50 = 27.08 ± 4.93 µM).
Femoral shaft fractures represent common fractures of the lower limb in the paediatric population. The objectives of our study were to analyse the static plantar pressure and functional capacity in ...children with surgically treated unilateral femoral shaft fractures, 1 month after the metallic implant removal.
Our study included 24 children with unilateral femoral shaft fracture (fracture site contralateral to the dominant leg) treated by titanium elastic nailing (TEN) implants, with the removal of the implant 6 months after initial surgery. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (12 patients without inpatient rehabilitation) and Group 2 (12 patients who attended inpatient rehabilitation). The patients and 12 gender and age-matched healthy controls performed plantar pressure analysis and functional capacity testing (6-min walk test: 6MWT). For patients in Group 1 and 2 the assessments were performed 1 month after the TEN implant removal. Paired t-tests were used to compare the intragroup data. A one-way ANOVA test for independent measures was performed to assess the differences for plantar pressure, and 6MWT among study groups and controls.
All study patients had left femoral shaft fractures (affected limb). The patients and controls were all right leg dominant. In both Group 1 and Group 2 total foot loading was significantly higher on the non-affected limb compared with the affected limb. When compared to the non-affected limb, the loadings on the affected limb were significantly increased on the first and fifth metatarsal in Group 1, and on the fifth metatarsal in Group 2, with a significantly smaller heel loading. When compared with the controls we found significant differences for all pressure parameters, except for the right foot load for the rehabilitation group. Although the functional capacity values were higher in the rehabilitation group the two patients groups had significantly lower 6MWT values.
When compared to healthy controls children with surgically treated unilateral femoral shaft fractures, although assessed after 7 months, had a different weight distribution on the feet and a decreased functional capacity. A rehabilitation programme included in the management of these patients is important for regaining their functional level.
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A new family of 3-aroylindolizines bearing a dimethoxytriazine unit in their position 1 was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization and ...cellular growth in vitro. Compound 39 was the best candidate in the current study with a GI50 value of 870nM on SNB-75 CNS cancer cells and of 920nM on MDA-MB-231/ATCC breast cancer cells. The standard NCI Compare results indicated that indolizine 39 may target PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1).
VIPomas are a type of neuroendocrine tumor that independently produces vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). VIPomas causing watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome are not ...frequently observed in adult patients without pancreatic ailments. However, in children, the occurrence of a VIPoma originating in the pancreas is exceedingly uncommon. Instead, WDHA syndrome is more commonly associated with neurogenic tumors that secrete VIP, often located in the retroperitoneum or mediastinum. Among infants, chronic diarrhea is a prevalent issue that often necessitates the attention of pediatric gastroenterologists. The underlying causes are diverse, and delays in arriving at a definitive diagnosis can give rise to complications affecting the overall well-being of the child. The authors present the case of an infant with chronic watery diarrhea, subocclusion manifestations, mild hypokalemia, and metabolic hyperchloremic acidosis secondary to a VIPoma in the retroperitoneum that was diagnosed via abdominal ultrasound and tomography. The laboratory results revealed lowered potassium levels and an excessive secretion of VIP. Following the surgical removal of the tumor, the diarrhea resolved, and both electrolyte levels and the imbalanced hormone levels returned to normal. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma, with N-MYC negative on molecular biology tests. We present the clinical and histo-genetic aspects of this rare clinical entity, with a literature review.
With the aim of investigating new analogues of phenstatin with an indolizin-3-yl unit, in particular as the B-ring, three new series of compounds (6–8, 9–34 and 54) were synthesized and tested for ...interactions with tubulin polymerization and evaluated for cytotoxicity on an NCI-60 human cancer cell lines panel. The replacement of the 3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl B-ring of phenstatin with substituted indolizine unit results in the conservation of both antitubulin and cytotoxic effect. Indolizines 9 and 17 were the most effective in the present study and showed the highest antiproliferative effect on melanoma cell lines MDA-MB-435 (GI50 = 30 nM) and could serve as new lead compounds for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics.
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•Synthesis and biological screening of indolizine-containing inhibitors of tubulin polymerization.•Evaluation of new indolizines for cytotoxicity on an NCI-60 human cancer cell lines panel.•Discovery of indolizine derivatives with GI50 values in the nanomolar range on melanoma MDA-MB-435 cell lines.•SAR study on indolizin-3-yl(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) methanones as microtubule-interacting agents.
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common hip disease during infancy and adolescence. Our study aimed to analyze static plantar pressure in children with surgically treated ...unilateral SCFE.
Twenty-two children with right SCFE with in situ fixation with one percutaneous screw were assessed by PoData plantar pressure analysis under three different conditions (open eyes, eyes closed, and head retroflexed).
The total foot loading was significantly higher on the unaffected limb compared with the affected one for all the three testing conditions (
< 0.05). When assessing the differences between testing conditions, there were no significant differences for the right and left foot loadings, or for the three sites of weight distribution, except for the right fifth metatarsal head (lower loading in eyes-closed condition in comparison to eyes open,
= 0.0068), left fifth metatarsal head (increased loading in head-retroflexed condition in comparison to eyes open,
= 0.0209), and left heel (lower loading in head-retroflexed condition in comparison to eyes open,
= 0.0293).
Even after a successful surgical procedure, differences in foot loading can impact the postural static activities in different conditions (natural eyes-open, eyes-closed, or head-retroflexed posture).
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A new family of indolizine–chalcones was designed, synthesized and screened for the inhibitory potential on human farnesyltransferase in vitro to identify potent antitumor agents. The ...most active compound was phenothiazine 2a, exhibiting an IC50 value in the low nanomolar range, similar to that of known FTI-276, highly potent farnesyltransferase inhibitor. The newly synthesized indolizine–chalcones 2a–d constitute the most efficient inhibitors of farnesyltransferase bearing a phenothiazine unit known to date.
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