The energy system is a vital infrastructure which can be vulnerable to climate variability and change (CV&C) impacts. Understanding the impacts can prevent disruption and inform policy decision ...making. This study applied a scoping review in a systematic manner following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to identify consistent patterns of CV&C impacts on the energy system, map and locate research gaps in the literature. A total of 176 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review. This study found evidence of consistent increase in energy demand for Africa, the Americas and Asian continent. Consistent decrease was found in Northern and Eastern Europe, while increase in residential demand was projected in Oceania. There was evidence of consistent decrease in thermal power plant output globally. Solar photovoltaic showed a robust consistent pattern of increase in the Caribbean and Central America, Northern and Southern Africa and Oceania. As the global climate is changing in a future that is highly uncertain, the energy system should also evolve in order to adapt to the changing climate. Future impact assessment must integrate the impact of CV&C on power demand and supply while consider socioeconomic dynamics, cross-sectoral linkages and back-loops in a complete energy system model.
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•We applied a systematic scoping review based on Joanna Briggs Institute.•We found evidence of consistent increase in global energy demand.•Consistent decrease was found in Northern and Eastern Europe.•Evidence of consistent decrease in thermoelectric output globally•Solar PV showed a robust consistent pattern of increase in almost all regions.
Lack of access to modern forms of energy continues to hamper socio-economic development in Nigeria, and about 94% and 39% of the Nigerian population do not have access to clean cooking equipment and ...electricity, respectively. The United Nations Sustainable Energy for All initiative and Sustainable Development Goal number seven seek to provide universal modern energy for all by 2030. However, the implications of these global goals on Nigeria’s energy system have not been well researched in the literature. In this study, we applied the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning Systems model to analyse the impacts of different energy access scenarios by 2030 on household energy consumption, CO2 emissions and local air pollutant emissions. We also analysed different scenarios for biomass renewability in order to understand its impact on household net CO2 emissions. We found that achieving a 100% modern energy access by 2030 would reduce final energy demand by around 845 PJ, which is equivalent to a 52.4% reduction when compared to the baseline scenario. A 100% modern access would also significantly reduce local air pollutants, but increase CO2 emissions significantly by 16.7 MtCO2 compared to the baseline scenario. Our analysis shows that the benefits of modern energy access have been limited in Nigeria due to poor financing and low income levels of households. Therefore, we argue that for a 100% modern energy access in Nigeria by 2030, there is a need to explore local and foreign funding sources, and a serious need to couple energy access programs in the country with income-generating activities.
The global energy system is highly vulnerable to climate variability and change. This results in a vast range of impacts on the energy demand sector and production and supply channels. This article ...aims to estimate the impacts of variables such as heating and cooling temperatures, income, population, and price on residential electricity demand in G7 countries. Methodologically, this study uses the second-generation panel unit root and cointegration approaches (which are robust in the presence of cross-sectional dependence), a panel fixed effects model with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, and a novel method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) to determine long-run elasticities. The results suggest that the residential electricity demand of G7 countries is statistically and positively responsive to cold days rather than hot days. This study also presents some policy-relevant issues based on the results.
This paper applied a scenario-based analysis to explore Nigeria's future energy demand, supply and associated GHG emissions from 2010 to 2040 using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) ...model. The impact of different energy policies are analysed for the Nigerian energy system by considering four scenarios: the reference scenario (REF), the low-carbon moderate scenario (LCM), the low-carbon advanced scenario (LCA), and the green optimistic scenario (GO). By considering aggressive energy policies and strategies from LCM to LCA, and even more aggressive options in the GO scenario, we find that under the REF scenario energy demand is expected to reach 3,075 PJ and a corresponding increase in GHG emissions of 201.2 Mt Co2e by 2040. More aggressive policy intervention by the Nigerian government, as in the GO scenario, would lead to a decrease in energy demand (2,249 PJ) and GHG emissions (124.4 Mt Co2e) in 2040. A cost-benefit and energy system analysis were also carried out in the study.
This paper presents the results of a systematic review that analysed the literature on factors influencing societal acceptance and stakeholders’ perceptions of hydrogen related technologies. This ...study found that the most influencing factors include prior knowledge, perceived cost/risks, environmental knowledge, higher education and income, personal and distributive benefits, infrastructure availability and close proximity to hydrogen facilities. There was low hydrogen awareness in more than 60% of the countries analysed in the reviewed studies. Although stakeholders had diverse perceptions, there was agreement that infrastructure availability, affordability, local community engagement, regional skill capability development, preservation of biodiversity, and safety and distributive benefits to the community were essential for a successful hydrogen industry. Future research could examine consumer acceptance at different geographical scales, analyse pre-and post-hydrogen project implementation, and social impact of hydrogen infrastructure on local communities. We also recommend diversifying hydrogen research projects and investigating the policy and regulatory arrangements for community-owned hydrogen projects.
•Acceptance papers are dominated by Western European studies.•Prior knowledge, perceived cost, risks and benefits are among acceptance factors.•There was low hydrogen awareness in more than 60% of the countries analysed.•Community engagement, infrastructure availability and safety are common perceptions.•Few post-hydrogen implementation surveys and dynamic social analysis.
Decarbonising the transport sector in the Global South presents an opportunity to contribute towards achieving net-zero by mid-century. Several studies have modelled different pathways to decarbonise ...the transport system, but the consensus is unclear due to the heterogeneous nature of transport technologies, infrastructure, locations, and consumers. In this sense, this study applies a systematic quantitative review to investigate the progression of low carbon transport sector and identified how the sector can decarbonise in an increasingly carbon-constrained world. The results show that while scholarly outputs are taking an upward trend, the geographic distribution of studies is uneven, and the outcomes of decarbonisation vary across developing countries. The study reveals that the decarbonisation of the transport sector presents challenges that are associated with revenue generation, funding of transition policies, competition for alternative fuels, crowding out of low-income consumers and potential rebound effects on travel behaviour. Therefore, the decarbonisation of the transport sector requires special mechanisms that are monitored and adjusted over time. The study highlights key cost-effective options for the decarbonisation of the transport sector while identifying knowledge gaps in the existing literature for future studies.
•A systematic quantitative review on transport decarbonisation in the Global South.•Scholarly outputs are trending upwards with uneven geographic distribution.•Transport decarbonisation has economic, technological and policy implications.•Special mechanism that is monitored and adjusted overtime is vital for policy.•Identify knowledge gaps in the existing literature for future research directions.
Global concerns over increasing carbon emissions, climate change, decreasing environmental quality, limited and uneven endowments of fossil fuels, rising energy demand, and volatile oil prices have ...inspired the move toward global energy system decarbonization. The challenges of achieving ambitious climate targets and sustainable development cannot be solved without the significant efforts of the Global South. Regarding net-zero emissions, the main issue for developing countries is avoiding future emissions from industrialization and lock-in into fossil fuel-intensive technologies. However, achieving strategic and ambitious climate targets in the Global South will require understanding the economic implications of decarbonization. This study’s objective and key contribution are to systematically review and provide a detailed assessment of the literature on decarbonization in the Global South to understand the multi-level economic implications of achieving net-zero emissions in the Global South. The assessment considers four broad themes–investment costs, employment impacts, economic growth, and other macroeconomic impacts (such as consumption, debt level, net savings, income and welfare, and trade balance, among others). Overall, the review finds that energy system decarbonization requires substantial investment outlay. Also, it is linked with job displacement in fossil energy sectors and job creation in green sectors. However, there is no unanimous evidence on net job creation in developing countries. Additionally, the GDP impacts are ambiguous; some studies find future GDP growth impacts, while others find GDP decline impacts of decarbonization scenarios. This paper also provides directions for future research.
In this book, a number of long-term energy scenarios are developed for Nigeria considering the impact of vital factors that may influence energy policies in the country's future energy system. The ...energy scenarios were developed through the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model. The model identified the future energy demand and supply pattern using a least-cost combination of technology options while limiting the emission of greenhouse gases. The book presents four scenarios, and key parameters considered include GDP, households, population, urbanization and the growth rates of energy-intensive sectors. Further, it highlights the findings of the cost-benefit analysis, which reveal the costs of implementing selected policies and strategies in Nigeria, including those focusing on energy efficiency and fuel/technology switching. The book also discusses the application of the LEAP-OSeMOSYS Model in order to identify lowest-cost power plants for electricity generation. Some sustainable strategies that can ensure a low carbon development in Nigeria are also explored on the basis of successful country cases in relation to the Nigerian LEAP model. As such, the book will help policy makers devise energy and sustainable strategies to achieve low carbon development in Nigeria.
The buildings sector is responsible for over 36% of total global end-use energy utilization and nearly 40% of the total indirect and direct carbon emissions. Low-carbon or zero-energy buildings ...remain the only option to lessen the sector’s energy consumption and CO
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emissions. The current systematic study examines low-carbon buildings under deep decarbonization scenarios in selected global south regions from 2010 to 2021. The study was channelled by the PRISMA (“Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses”) review process, which identified 29 related articles from Scopus, Web of Science., and Google Scholar databases. The identified critical drivers of emissions were population, gross domestic product, dwelling characteristics, and urbanization. The dwelling characteristics contributed about 12% and 27% to the total CO
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emissions in the selected regions. The population varies between 23% and 27% across the areas. Specific findings were made for inclusion in the Nigeria model while the general results were observed and further studies proposed. Total investment from the private and public sectors was identified as key to achieving the transition process of decarbonization in the building sector.
To achieve climate goals, unprecedented amounts of new clean energy capacity need to be deployed at a rapid rate. Project finance is crucial to achieve clean energy (CE) capacity targets in order to ...rapidly decarbonise economies. However, current project finance commitments are far from sufficient, particularly in greenfield settings. To accelerate decarbonisation efforts therefore, it is essential to understand the barriers to CE financing in greenfield settings in order to guide public policy and to direct future research in the greenfield and cross-border investment literature. To date, few studies have focused on mobilising private capital to develop and build greenfield investments. This paper reviews recent literature to identify the barriers to CE investment focusing on greenfield renewable generation projects using a systematic quantitative review. A total of 45 studies published between 2010 and 2022 were included in the review. The results identified 36 barriers grouped into 7 categories: business/market; construction, technical and operational; environmental; financial; legal and ownership rights; policy and regulatory; and political and social barriers. Over the study period, environmental barriers declined the most, while construction, technical and operational, and political and social barrier categories increased significantly. Financial barriers were consistent throughout the years. Although these barriers are likely due to ineffective policy and immature CE investment in host countries, they provide insights for governments to boost greenfield investments and to develop local industry capacity and expertise. This paper also provides directions for future research and concludes with policy recommendations to address the barriers.
•Identified barriers to greenfield renewable generation projects.•A total of 36 barriers grouped into 7 categories for analysis.•Environmental barriers declined but financial barriers remained.•Provide insights for governments to boost greenfield investments.
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