This Letter presents the result of a 3+1 sterile neutrino search using 10.7 years of IceCube data. We analyze atmospheric muon neutrinos that traverse the Earth with energies ranging from 0.5 to 100 ...TeV, incorporating significant improvements in modeling neutrino flux and detector response compared to earlier studies. Notably, for the first time, we categorize data into starting and through-going events, distinguishing neutrino interactions with vertices inside or outside the instrumented volume, to improve energy resolution. The best-fit point for a 3+1 model is found to be at \(\sin^2(2\theta_{24}) = 0.16\) and \(\Delta m^{2}_{41} = 3.5\) eV\(^2\), which agrees with previous iterations of this study. The result is consistent with the null hypothesis of no sterile neutrinos with a p-value of 3.1\%.
We provide supporting details for the search for a 3+1 sterile neutrino using data collected over eleven years at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The analysis uses atmospheric muon-flavored ...neutrinos from 0.5 to 100\, TeV that traverse the Earth to reach the IceCube detector, and finds a best-fit point at \(\sin^2(2\theta_{24}) = 0.16\) and \(\Delta m^{2}_{41} = 3.5\) eV\(^2\) with a goodness-of-fit p-value of 12\% and consistency with the null hypothesis of no oscillations to sterile neutrinos with a p-value of 3.1\%. Several improvements were made over past analyses, which are reviewed in this article, including upgrades to the reconstruction and the study of sources of systematic uncertainty. We provide details of the fit quality and discuss stability tests that split the data for separate samples, comparing results. We find that the fits are consistent between split data sets.
Objective
The utilization of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) patient questionnaires by clinical rheumatologists is limited. Yet, considerable literature exists defining the value of such data. ...In an effort to understand this apparent paradox, we performed a literature review and conducted a survey to describe what has been learned over the past 2 decades concerning the use of these measures in clinical care and explore the reasons for their underutilization.
Methods
A panel of rheumatologists with extensive clinical experience was convened to review the relevant literature pertaining to the use of HRQOL patient instruments in clinical practice. Additionally, a survey of all American College of Rheumatology practicing clinicians was conducted to assess the use of and beliefs about these measures.
Results
The literature provided evidence to support the use of HRQOL patient measures in clinical practice. Forty‐seven percent of the responding rheumatologists stated that none of their patients complete HRQOL patient questionnaires. The majority of respondents (63%) reported that such information is “somewhat valuable.” The most frequently reported reason for the underutilization was that such instruments “require too much staff time.”
Conclusions
The literature supports the potential value of HRQOL patient questionnaires in clinical practice. Few rheumatologists routinely gather such information as part of patient care. Reasons for this discrepancy between utility and use are given along with recommendations intended to help increase their utilization in clinical care.
Methylamphetamine and amphetamine, the two major metabolites of deprenyl in the rat brain were analyzed using HPLC method combined with electrospray-mass spectrometer. (-)-Deprenyl and (+)-deprenyl ...were orally administered to rats either in a single dose of 10 mg/kg, or three times a week for three weeks. The metabolites were determined in four different parts of the rat brain, such as in the frontal cortex, corpus striatum, hippocampus, and hypophysis. The ratio of methylamphetamine to amphetamine was also compared after (-)-deprenyl and (+)-deprenyl treatments.
With the recent discoveries of massive and highly luminous quasars at high
redshifts ($z\sim7$; e.g. Mortlock et al. 2011), the question of how black
holes (BHs) grow in the early Universe has been ...cast in a new light. In order
to grow BHs with $M_{\rm BH} > 10^9$ M$_{\odot}$ by less than a billion years
after the Big Bang, mass accretion onto the low-mass seed BHs needs to have
been very rapid (Volonteri & Rees, 2005). Indeed, for any stellar remnant seed,
the rate required would need to exceed the Eddington limit. This is the point
at which the outward force produced by radiation pressure is equal to the
gravitational attraction experienced by the in-falling matter. In principle,
this implies that there is a maximum luminosity an object of mass $M$ can emit;
assuming spherical accretion and that the opacity is dominated by Thompson
scattering, this Eddington luminosity is $L_{\rm{E}} = 1.38 \times 10^{38}
(M/M_{\odot})$ erg s$^{-1}$. In reality, it is known that this limit can be
violated, due to non-spherical geometry or various kinds of instabilities.
Nevertheless, the Eddington limit remains an important reference point, and
many of the details of how accretion proceeds above this limit remain unclear.
Understanding how this so-called super-Eddington accretion occurs is of clear
cosmological importance, since it potentially governs the growth of the first
supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and the impact this growth would have had on
their host galaxies (`feedback') and the epoch of reionization, as well as
improving our understanding of accretion physics more generally.
Fifty-four horses with hoof cracks were referred to the Equine Hospital of the University of Zurich, for treatment. The horses were admitted because of lameness or other symptoms caused by the ...cracks. Deep or complicated quarter cracks were the most common type of cracks diagnosed. Poor conformation and abnormal hoof shape were the most important causes of hoof crack development, whereas injury to the coronary band was a less frequently encountered cause. Effective treatment of this problem includes corrective shoeing, removing horn from the weight-bearing surface as well as from the crack with a Dremel tool and immobilization of the borders of the crack. However, even with such a therapy, the recurrence rate of hoof cracks was with 20% very high.
This clinical study was performed to evaluate the effect of low-potassium dextran (LPD) solution on organ function in human lung transplantation.
A total of 80 patients were included in this study. ...Donor lungs were flushed with Euro-Collins (EC) solution in 48 cases or LPD (Perfadex) in 32 cases. Subsequently, single- (EC: n = 31; LPD: n = 15) or double-lung transplantations (EC: n = 17; LPD: n = 17) were performed. The evaluation parameters of transplant function were the reperfusion injury score (grade I to V); the alveolar/arterial oxygen ratio; the duration of respirator therapy; and the length of intensive care treatment and survival.
Incidence and severity of reperfusion injury score were more severe in the EC group (31 of 48: grade I: n = 13; II: n = 8; III: n = 5; IV: n = 2; V: n = 3; LPD group: 17 of 32 patients; grade I: n = 12; II: n = 1; III: n = 3; IV: n = 0 grade V: n = 0), leading to death in three patients. In the LPD group, despite of the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, alveolar/arterial oxygen ratio values were significantly (P = 0.009) better during the early postoperative phase. Thirty-day mortality was 12% in the EC group and 6% in the LPD group. The one-year survival rate was 79% after the use of LPD (vs. EC: 62%).
Graft preservation using LPD leads to better immediate and intermediate graft function after pulmonary transplantation and also results in better long-term survival.
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