El artículo analiza la Asean y el Mercosur como procesos de integración y sus relaciones económicas extra e interregionales para identificar diferencias, semejanzas y el estado de sus intercambios en ...comercio e inversión. Siguiendo una investigación documental y cuantitativa, determina convergencia en al menos tres elementos comunes: pertenecen al Sur Global, poseen funcionalidad institucional intergubernamental y buscan integrar un mercado común; y divergencias en: forma de practicar el intergubernamentalismo, fortaleza institucional y definición de metas y lapsos para lograr sus objetivos. También muestra que la Asean ganó importancia como mercado para el Mercosur, al tiempo que el conjunto Asean+3 (China, Japón y Corea) es ahora el principal destino de sus mercaderías. A la luz de los vínculos económicos revelados, concluye que existen razones para priorizar un mayor acercamiento del Mercosur hacia la Asean, máxime cuando dicha proximidad y entendimiento serviría como portal hacia la mega-región de la RCEP promovida por China, con nuevas oportunidades de asociación y cooperación omnidireccional Sur-Sur cruciales para el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a serious and progressive chronic lung disease that is characterised by altered cellular composition and homoeostasis in the peripheral lung, leading to excessive ...accumulation of extracellular matrix and, ultimately, loss of lung function. It is the interstitial pneumonia with the worst prognosis—mortality 3–5 years after diagnosis is 50%. During the past decade, researchers have described several novel cellular and molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, resulting in the identification of new therapeutic targets. These advances will hopefully result in increased survival rates and improved quality of life for patients with this disorder in future.
Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a soluble ligand overexpressed by neoplastic cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), drives formation of a fibroblast-rich desmoplastic stroma. To better understand ...its role in malignant progression, we deleted Shh in a well-defined mouse model of PDAC. As predicted, Shh-deficient tumors had reduced stromal content. Surprisingly, such tumors were more aggressive and exhibited undifferentiated histology, increased vascularity, and heightened proliferation—features that were fully recapitulated in control mice treated with a Smoothened inhibitor. Furthermore, administration of VEGFR blocking antibody selectively improved survival of Shh-deficient tumors, indicating that Hedgehog-driven stroma suppresses tumor growth in part by restraining tumor angiogenesis. Together, these data demonstrate that some components of the tumor stroma can act to restrain tumor growth.
•Shh-deficient tumors lacked stroma but were more aggressive and highly vascular•Differentiation status is plastic and may be dependent in part upon Hh signaling•Unlike differentiated tumors, undifferentiated PDAC is highly vascular•Undifferentiated pancreas tumors may be susceptible to VEGFR inhibition
Rhim et al. show that mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) depleted of stromal content by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Shh signaling are more aggressive than typical mouse PDAC and kill mice faster, providing a potential explanation for the failure of Smoothened inhibitors against human PDAC.
Adaptations of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) often occur. However, little is known about the reasons for adaptation, the adaptation process, and outcomes of adapted EBIs. To address this gap, ...we conducted a systematic review to answer the following questions: (1) What are the reasons for and common types of adaptations being made to EBIs in community settings as reported in the published literature? (2) What steps are described in making adaptations to EBIs? and (3) What outcomes are assessed in evaluations of adapted EBIs?
We conducted a systematic review of English language publications that described adaptations of public health EBIs. We searched Ovid PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycNET, and CINAHL and citations of included studies for adapted public health EBIs. We abstracted characteristics of the original and adapted populations and settings, reasons for adaptation, types of modifications, use of an adaptation framework, adaptation steps, and evaluation outcomes.
Forty-two distinct EBIs were found focusing on HIV/AIDS, mental health, substance abuse, and chronic illnesses. More than half (62%) reported on adaptations in the USA. Frequent reasons for adaptation included the need for cultural appropriateness (64.3%), focusing on a new target population (59.5%), and implementing in a new setting (57.1%). Common adaptations were content (100%), context (95.2%), cultural modifications (73.8%), and delivery (61.9%). Most study authors conducted a community assessment, prepared new materials, implemented the adapted intervention, evaluated or planned to evaluate the intervention, determined needed changes, trained staff members, and consulted experts/stakeholders. Most studies that reported an evaluation (k = 36) included behavioral outcomes (71.4%), acceptability (66.7%), fidelity (52.4%), and feasibility (52.4%). Fewer measured adoption (47.6%) and changes in practice (21.4%).
These findings advance our understanding of the patterns and effects of modifications of EBIs that are reported in published studies and suggest areas of further research to understand and guide the adaptation process. Furthermore, findings can inform better reporting of adapted EBIs and inform capacity building efforts to assist health professionals in adapting EBIs.
Inverse Seesaw, dark matter and the Hubble tension Fernandez-Martinez, E.; Pierre, M.; Pinsard, E. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
10/2021, Letnik:
81, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We consider the inverse Seesaw scenario for neutrino masses with the approximate Lepton number symmetry broken dynamically by a scalar with Lepton number two. We show that the Majoron associated to ...the spontaneous symmetry breaking can alleviate the Hubble tension through its contribution to
Δ
N
eff
and late decays to neutrinos. Among the additional fermionic states required for realizing the inverse Seesaw mechanism, sterile neutrinos at the keV-MeV scale can account for all the dark matter component of the Universe if produced via freeze-in from the decays of heavier degrees of freedom.
La partición de asimilados a frutos es una característica fisiológica de relevancia para el aumento del rendimiento de maní y su análisis mediante la relación fuente-destino aporta al mejoramiento ...genético y manejo del cultivo. El objetivo fue analizar la relación fuente-destino en cultivares runner sembrados en Argentina. Se realizaron dos experimentos a campo, en el Exp1 el cultivar Granoleico fue sembrado en tres fechas durante 2009-2010 y 2010-2011. En el Exp2 fueron sembrados seis cultivares runner (Florunner, Florman, Manigran, Asem-485, Pepe-Asem y Granoleico) durante 2011-2012. La relación fuente-destino se analizó con dos metodologías: la biomasa total asignada a cada fruto durante su llenado con relación a su peso final, y el análisis de la relación entre peso y número de frutos a cosecha. La falta de compensación entre número y peso de frutos demostró que el maní podría llenar un amplio número de frutos (entre 20 y 57 frutos planta-1). Además, el peso medio de un fruto (1,05 g) fue menor al crecimiento total de la planta asignado a él durante su período de formación (2,63 g). Se determinó una limitación por destinos, indicando la posibilidad de aumentar el rendimiento a través del incremento del tamaño de los destinos.
In this article we develop a quantization procedure for Chaplygin Hamiltonizable nonholonomic systems-mechanical systems subject to non-integrable velocity constraints whose reduced mechanics is ...Hamiltonian after a suitable time reparametrization-using Poincaré transformations and geometric quantization. We illustrate the theory developed through examples and discuss potential applications to the study of the quantum mechanics of nanovehicles.
Neutrino portals to dark matter Blennow, M.; Fernandez-Martinez, E.; Olivares-Del Campo, A. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
07/2019, Letnik:
79, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We explore the possibility that dark matter interactions with Standard Model particles are dominated by interactions with neutrinos. We examine whether it is possible to construct such a scenario in ...a gauge invariant manner. We first study the coupling of dark matter to the full lepton doublet and confirm that this generally leads to the dark matter phenomenology being dominated by interactions with charged leptons. We then explore two different implementations of the neutrino portal in which neutrinos mix with a Standard Model singlet fermion that interacts directly with dark matter through either a scalar or vector mediator. In the latter cases we find that the neutrino interactions can dominate the dark matter phenomenology. Present neutrino detectors can probe dark matter annihilations into neutrinos and already set the strongest constraints on these realisations. Future experiments such as Hyper-Kamiokande, MEMPHYS, DUNE, or DARWIN could allow to probe dark matter-neutrino cross sections down to the value required to obtain the correct thermal relic abundance.
•We studied herder communities with and without community-based natural resource management (CBNRM).•Mobility and storage were the most important strategies to limit livestock losses.•CBNRM herders ...scored higher on major indicators of adaptive capacity.•Knowledge exchange, information access, linking social capital, and proactive behavior increased adaptive capacity.•To strengthen adaptive capacity institutional constraints must be removed.
We investigated the role of formal community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in responding and adapting to the 2009–10 winter weather disaster in Mongolia, by comparing herders’ adaptation strategies and adaptive capacity in communities with and without formal CBNRM. Livestock mobility and forage and hay storage were the most important strategies for limiting livestock loss, but these depended on resource pooling and exchange strategies. CBNRM herders demonstrated greater adaptive capacity than non-CBNRM herders, due to greater knowledge exchange, information access, linking social capital, and proactive behavior. Social factors mediate and institutional constraints limit the implementation of adaptive strategies in Mongolia.
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