The World Health Organisation classification reports three subcategories of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL)—endemic, non-endemic, and immunodeficiency associated—proposed to reflect the major clinical and ...genetic subtypes of this disease. These different types of BL have been reviewed and studied by immunohistochemistry and molecular methods. The results point out the heterogeneity of BL and suggest that AIDS related BL may have a different pathogenesis from that of classic BL.
Inputs of biogenic carbonate sediment from
Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows to four beaches of the Sinis peninsula (Sardinia, western Mediterranean) were evaluated.
Beach and continental shelf ...sediment samples were analysed for grain size distribution and composition, biogenic vs. siliciclastic, in order to identify the provenance of beach sediments and sediment transport pathways. Seabed mapping was carried out in order to identify the distribution of meadows and sediment deposits offshore.
Shelf sediments were collected in unvegetated sites and in
P. oceanica meadows. Sediments from unvegetated sites were coarse sands and gravel, mainly siliciclastic (biogenic carbonate content is 3–7%). Sediments from
P. oceanica meadows were coarse sand, mainly biogenic (carbonate contents varying between 60 and 90%).
Beach sediments showed bimodal grain size distribution (59% of samples) resulting from mixing of coarser siliciclastic with finer biogenic materials in variable proportions. Biogenic carbonate contents in beach sediments range from 0 to 90%, reaching the highest values in offshore samples.
Analysis of grain size and compositional trends from shelf to beach sediments highlighted that the latter originate from two different sources: erosion of granitic outcrops, providing the siliciclastic component, and export of sediments from
P. oceanica meadows, providing biogenic material.
P. oceanica meadows also influence shore by contributing towards maintaining the beach sediment budget.
A detailed experimental characterization of the particle emissions of a EURO 5 light-duty Diesel engine, equipped with a wall flow Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), is presented. Particle Size ...Distributions (PSDs) in the range from 4.5 up to 160 nm have been measured at the engine exhaust by means of a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, during both DPF accumulation and regeneration phase. During accumulation, the size-dependent DPF removal efficiency has been evaluated by PSDs measurements at both inlet and outlet of the filter. The maximum efficiency was found in the range 10-40 nm. Nevertheless, the DPF ensures a strong reduction in the emissions for the sub-23 nm nanoparticles too, with an efficiency between 91–95%. Unless for the warm-up phase, the engine operating conditions do not have a great impact on the particles emitted due to the high DPF removal efficiency. The measurements carried out during the regeneration phase evidenced that particle emissions strongly depend on DPF temperature. Actually, once the soot burnout temperature is reached, soot oxidation starts and a great amount of particles in terms of PN is released. Overall, PSDs showed an increase in particle number concentration up to two order of magnitude with respect to the emissions measured during the accumulation phase.
We studied the spatial variability and within-year temporal changes in hydrological features, grain size composition and chemical characteristics of sediments, as well as macrofaunal assemblages, ...along a heavily modified inlet in the Gulf of Oristano (western Sardinia, Italy). The inlet connects the Cabras lagoon to the gulf through a series of convoluted creeks and man-made structures, including a dam and fish barriers built in the last three decades. Sediments were muddy and mainly composed of the “non-sortable” fraction (i.e., <8
μm particle size) in all four areas investigated:
Lagoon,
Creeks,
Channel and
Seaward. Along the inlet, however, the ratio between the <8
μm and the 8–64
μm fractions was highest in
Creeks and
Channel, between the fish barriers and the dam, suggesting impaired hydrodynamics. Consistently, steep gradients in water salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations were found in proximity to the fish barriers. The whole inlet was characterized by a major organic enrichment of sediments, with up to an annual mean of 33.6% of organic matter and 11.7% of total organic carbon in
Seaward due to the presence of seagrass leaf litter. Acid-volatile sulphide and chromium-reduced sulphur concentrations were highest throughout the year in
Seaward and
Lagoon, respectively, with a peak in summer. Consistently, the whole inlet supported low structured macrofaunal assemblages dominated by few opportunist species, with a relatively lower diversity in
Lagoon throughout the year and the highest abundances in
Seaward in summer. We infer that the presence of artificial structures along the inlet, such as fish barriers and the dam, impair the lagoon-gulf hydrodynamics, sediment exchange and animal recruitment and colonization. We suggest that the removal of these structures would favour water renewal in the Cabras lagoon, but would also increase the outflow of organic C-bonding fine particles into the gulf with serious consequences for
Posidonia oceanica and
Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows. We conclude that all possible consequences of such initiatives should be carefully considered before any action is taken.
It appears more and more clear that retinoblastoma (RB) family of proteins represents key molecules in tumour suppression. This family consists of pRb/p105, p107 and pRb2/p130, which participate in a ...gene regulatory network that governs the cellular response to antimitogenic signals, and whose deregulation constitutes one of the hallmarks of cancer. Irrespective of their structural and biochemical similarities, RB proteins carry out different functional tasks. The expression of RB gene family in the reactive lymphoid tissues again confirms the different role of each member in cell cycle control and differentiation of normal cells. These different functional properties appear to be maintained in tumours lymphoid tissues, where alterations of the RB/p105 gene appear to be relatively rare. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the role of the RB proteins in reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissue.
As the automotive industry steers towards electromobility and electric vehicle adoption surges, Brazil and other Latin-American countries remain laggards. The Brazilian scenario exhibits unique ...features, such as a powerful automotive sector with large investments in internal combustion engine technology and a well-established biofuels market based on flex-fuel technology. Although energy security, urban air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, and technological advantage have been common drivers for the adoption of electric vehicles worldwide, the Brazilian immediate motivations are different, and the biofuels business ecosystem is likely to transform the path for electromobility. High tag price and public charging infrastructure absence have deeply discouraged electric vehicles adoption. A lack of regulation and a national consensus about the role of electric vehicles have been notorious. In fact, only in 2018 did the electricity regulatory agency (ANEEL) issue a resolution permitting the sale of electricity for recharging. The objective of this review was to create an outlook of the Brazilian transportation landscape. We identified relevant players, public charging infrastructure initiatives, market and other barriers, and regulation actions by consulting academic literature, media sources, and reports. We do not claim to predict the evolution of electrification. Instead, we aim to consolidate the information which can be used for decision support or strategy definition among entrepreneurs or policymakers. The main findings here are the necessity of a model for electrification able to create a synergy with biofuels and the urgency of having well-defined policies on what Brazil wants from electromobility.
Abstract INTRODUCTION Metastases to the breast from extra-mammary tumors are uncommon and few sporadic cases are reported in the international literature. An accurate differential diagnosis of ...secondary cancer is mandatory because both prognosis and treatment differ with respect to primary breast tumors. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present the case of a 70-year-old woman with an isolated metastasis to the breast occuring 9 years after undergoing a nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Clinical examination revealed a palpable and mobile mass in the right breast with an enlarged ipsilateral axillary lymph node. Mammographic findings showed a dense, well circumscribed solid mass and the breast ultrasonography findings were those of a hypoechoic homogeneous solid nodule with no posterior attenuation but with prominent peripheral vascularity. A tru-cut biopsy was conclusive for a metastatic deposit by RCC. A whole-body CT scan showed no evidence of further recurrences. The patient underwent metastasectomy and exeresis of the papable lymphnode. DISCUSSION In patients with former surgery for RCC, a diagnosis based on a preoperative biopsy allows to indicate the proper surgical treatment: in facts, as compared to primary breast tumors treatment, the rationale to pursue wide surgical margins is pointless in cases of metastases and, similarly, the biopsy of the sentinel lymphnode is void of sense due to the lack of its physiopathological prerequisite. CONCLUSION We suggest to consider a micro-histological biopsy of any new breast lesion appearing in a patient with a history of treatment for RCC. Prompt diagnosis is necessary to choose the right treatment.
A comparative study was performed of three instruments used to measure the grain‐size distribution of thirty sediment samples from shallow lagoonal flats: the hydrometer, the Sedigraph 5100 and the ...CIS‐1. The hydrometer and Sedigraph are based on sedimentation whereas the CIS‐1 uses the time of transition. The percentage of the samples accounted for by the <8 μm fraction was not affected by the technique used, but this was not the case with the clay fraction (<2 μm). Due to its relative independence from the analytical method applied, the <8 μm fraction can be used in ternary diagram classifications. This fraction also has an environmental significance in coastal lagoons in terms of hydrodynamics, organic enrichment and macrozoobenthos assemblages. The linear relationships obtained in this study may provide useful operational indications for similar studies.
Dormancy of Medicago marina (L.) seed Scippa, G.S.; Petrollini, E.; Trupiano, D. ...
Environmental and experimental botany,
09/2011, Letnik:
72, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
►
Medicago marina seed dormancy is due to the presence of a hard seed coat. ► Seed-coat dormancy is removed by scarification and freezing, but not by heating. ► Seed might differently modulate ABA ...content in response to stress and germination. ► Seed have complex mechanism to control dormancy and to protect cellular structures.
Medicago marina (L.) is a Mediterranean species whose seeds show strong dormancy that prevents germination. We used an integrated approach of physiological analyses and proteomics to investigate the mechanisms that control
M. marina dormancy/germination and that underlie stress tolerance. First, we evaluated the effects on dormancy breaking of the following treatments: mechanical scarification, freezing at −20
°C, storage for 4 months and heating at 100
°C for 1
h. Mechanical scarification and freezing were the most effective treatments in overcoming dormancy. The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in
M. marina dormancy was studied by ELISA immuno-enzymatic assay. The ABA content of germinated and non-germinated mature (control) and treated seeds was determined. The level of ABA was higher in treated seeds than in control seeds; the most significant increase occurred in the heated seeds. A comparison of the ABA level in the germinated, control and treated seeds suggests that different mechanisms modulate ABA content in response to different stresses, and that a specific ABA-signalling pathway regulates germination. Proteomic analysis revealed 46 proteins differentially expressed between treated and untreated seeds; 14 of these proteins were subsequently identified by mass spectrometry. Several of the proteins identified are important factors in the stress response, and are involved in such diverse functions as lipid metabolism, protein folding and chromatin protection. Lastly, an analysis of the phosphoproteome maps showed that the function of many proteins in seeds subjected to temperature treatment is modulated through post-translational modifications.
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