Rainbow trapping, observed in elastic waves, has attracted considerable scientific interest owing to its potential applications in energy harvesting, buffering, and wavelength-division multiplexing ...devices. However, previous approaches have often necessitated complex geometric modifications to the scatterer, such as altering dimensions or shifting along diagonals to corners, limiting practical utility. Here, we realize the coupled topological edge states (CTESs) of elastic waves in a two-dimensional (2D) solid phononic crystal (PC) with inversion center changes. Changing the inversion center along the x or y directions by a specific distance can induce the topological phase transition. The topological edge states (TESs) arise at the interface by combining PCs with different topologies positioned adjacent to each other. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that TES exhibits topological robustness against defects. By introducing a gradient into the PC structure by altering the geometrical parameters of scatterers along the interface, the topological rainbow trapping of elastic waves is achieved. Finally, the CTES are generated by the interaction between TESs of different interfaces, which can lead to coupled topological rainbow trapping in phononic heterostructures with different displacement parameters along the multiple interface gradient. Our results pave the way for manipulating the symmetric and antisymmetric topological modes of elastic waves in topologically coupled waveguides, which offers potential applications in selective filtering and multiband waveguiding.
To examine the early changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the DMM mouse model of osteoarthritis, mice were subjected to DMM or SHAM surgery and sacrificed at 2-, 5- and 10-week ...post-surgery. Catwalk gait analyses, Micro-Computed Tomography, Toluidine Blue, Picrosirius Red and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used to investigate gait patterns, joint morphology, subchondral bone, cartilage, collagen organization and osteoclasts activity, respectively. Results showed OA progressed over 10-week time-course. Gait disparity occurred only at 10-week post-surgery. Osteophyte formed at 2-week post-surgery. BMDs of DMM showed no statistical differences comparing to SHAM at 2 weeks, but BV/TV is much higher in DMM mice. Increased BMD was clearly found at 5- and 10-week post-surgery in DMM mice. TRAP staining showed increased osteoclast activity at the site of osteophyte formation of DMM joints at 5- and 10-week time points. These results showed that subchondral bone turnover might occurred earlier than 2 weeks in this mouse DMM model. Gait disparity only occurred at later stage of OA in DMM mice. Notably, patella dislocation could occur in some of the DMM mice and cause a different pattern of OA in affected knee.
We report a straightforward and generic synthesis of several new series of annulated π‐extended poly‐(hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), with carbazole, fluorene and fluorenone central building ...blocks by the Suzuki‐Miyaura/Scholl tandem reactions. The corresponding series of ditriphenylene discogens with a carbazole or a fluorenone central core, respectively, possess hexagonal columnar mesophases with broad mesophase ranges and high clearing points, as well as demonstrate a strong aggregation tendency in organic solvents as supergelators. The laterally‐substituted ditriphenylene mesogens based on dimethyl‐fluorene core exhibit a rich polymorphism with rectangular and hexagonal columnar mesophases from low temperatures onward, whereas their dioctyl‐fluorene homologues melt directly into the isotropic liquid without showing mesophases. These latter family of compounds are luminescent with very high fluorescent quantum yields, of around 70 % in solution, and show outstanding photocurrent behavior with charge carrier mobility in the 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 range, as measured by photocurrent transient time‐of‐flight (TOF) technique. This straightforward molecular design and simple synthetic strategy proved to be both potent and resilient, and could be generally applied to the fabrication of a great variety of other heteroarene molecular systems as organic semiconductors and electroluminescent materials for potentially low‐cost applications.
A generic synthetic method based on the Suzuki‐Scholl reactions was successfully exploited to yield new poly(hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons containing carbazole, fluorene or fluorenone moieties. These butterfly‐like mesogens exhibit columnar mesophases, form fibrous gels in various solvents, emit blue to orange light in films and solutions and show outstanding photocurrent behavior with charge carrier mobility in the ∼0.03 cm2 V−1 s−1 range.
Vinyl ester resin (VER)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) composites with exceptional flame retardancy and mechanical property are urgent developed. In present work, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid flame ...retardant (HNT-Si@PF) was synthesized via modification of HNTs with γ-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane(Si), the organic structure (PF) between the phenylphosphoric acid (PA) and 2-furfurylamine(FA). For the VER/HNT-Si@PF12.5 composites, it passed the UL-94 V-0 rating at a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 31.7 %. Meanwhile, the tensile and impact strength were 23.6 MPa and 4.2 kJ/m2, which were 7.2 % and 14.3 % higher than that of neat VER, indicating the simultaneous improvement of the flame retardancy and mechanical property. The nanotubular HNTs absorbed toxic smoke and released crystal water to dilute combustibles and oxygen, enhancing flame retardancy, which providing a promising route for developing high-performance flame-retardant polymer composites.
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Plasma volume (PV) calculated from hematocrit and body weight has applications in cardiovascular disease. The current study investigated the validity of the calculated PV for predicting volume ...overload and its prognostic utility in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).
Fifty-four HD patients were prospectively enrolled, and their actual PV (aPV) and relative PV status (PVS) were calculated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with assessment of and total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), and overhydration (OH) and routine blood examinations were performed before dialysis. A second cohort of 164 HD patients was retrospectively enrolled to evaluate the relationship between the calculated PVS and the outcome, with an endpoint of all-cause mortality.
aPV was significantly associated with TBW, ICW, ECW, OH, and ECW/TBW (all
< 0.001), and most strongly with ECW (
= 0.83). aPV predicted the extent of volume overload with an AUC of 0.770 (
< 0.001), but PVS did not (AUC = 0.617,
= 0.091). Median follow-up time was 53 months, during the course of which 60 (36.58%) patients died. Values for PVS (12.94 ± 10.87% vs. 7.45 ± 5.90%,
= 0.024) and time-averaged PVS (12.83 ± 11.20 vs. 6.78 ± 6.22%,
< 0.001) were significantly increased in patients who died relative to those who survived. A value of time-averaged PVS >8.72% was significantly associated with an increased incidence of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.48,
= 0.0023).
aPV was most strongly associated with ECW measured using BIA. HD patients with higher time-averaged PVS had a higher rate of all-cause mortality.
Proper dietary lipid is beneficial for the protein‐sparing effect and reduces feed budget. Therefore, 8 weeks trial feeding with different lipid levels diets was performed to determine the optimal ...supplement level through the investigation on growth performance, hepatic health, lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota of Trachinotus ovatus. Six diets (D1 ‐ D6) containing 90 g/kg, 120 g/kg, 150 g/kg, 180 g/kg, 210 g/kg and 240 g/kg lipid were formulated, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to four groups of fish (initial body weight 7.58 ± 0.10 g), and fish was fed twice daily to apparent satiation. Results showed that the weight gain and the specific growth rate of T. ovatus fed with D2 diet were significantly higher than the D1, D5 and D6 treatments (p < .05), and D2 treatment did not show a statistical difference with D3 and D4 treatments. Related antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, as well as the RNA expression of antioxidant genes, such as glutathione reductase, showing a significant upward and then downward trend with the increase of dietary lipid, and D4 treatments reached the highest value. One of the intestinal microbiotas—Nocardiaceae, demonstrating a similar change trend to the antioxidant capacity of fish. Transaminase of serum and malondialdehyde of liver in D5 and D6 treatments significantly higher than D1 treatments (p < .05). Hepatic RNA expression of PPARα and CPT‐I increased first and then decreased with the increase of lipid level, obtaining the highest value in D4 and D5 treatments respectively. In conclusion, dietary lipid from 120 g/kg to 180 kg/kg is beneficial for growth and health of T. ovatus.
Matched filtering is widely used in active sonar because of its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, the resolution performance generally depends on the transmitted waveform. Moreover, its ...detection performance is limited by the high-level sidelobes and seriously degraded in a shallow water environment due to time spread induced by multipath propagation. This paper proposed a method named iterative deconvolution-time reversal (ID-TR), on which the energy of the cross-ambiguity function is modeled, as a convolution of the energy of the auto-ambiguity function of the transmitted signal with the generalized target reflectivity density. Similarly, the generalized target reflectivity density is a convolution of the spread function of channel with the reflectivity density of target as well. The ambiguity caused by the transmitted signal and the spread function of channel are removed by Richardson-Lucy iterative deconvolution and the time reversal processing, respectively. Moreover, this is a special case of the Richardson-Lucy algorithm that the blur function is one-dimensional and time-invariant. Therefore, the iteration deconvolution is actually implemented by the iterative temporal time reversal processing. Due to the iterative time reversal method can focus more and more energy on the strongest target with the iterative number increasing and then the peak-signal power increases, the simulated result shows that the noise reduction can achieve 250 dB in the "ideal" free field environment and 100 dB in a strong multipaths waveguide environment if a 1-ms linear frequency modulation with a 4-kHz frequency bandwidth is transmitted and the number of iteration is 10. Moreover, the range resolution is approximately a delta function. The results of the experiment in a tank show that the noise level is suppressed by more than 70 dB and the reverberation level is suppressed by 3 dB in the case of a single target and the iteration number being 8.
To diminish the intimidation of the electromagnetic wave pollution, high-performance electromagnetic absorbing material are badly-needed for the normal operation of precision instruments and the ...people's health. A new type multi-dimensional heterostructure microwave absorber was designed by combining the carboxylated one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNT), two-dimensional MXene and graphene oxide (GO), then was reduced and foamed (foamed and reduced GO, F-rGO) by a simple one-pot method under hydrazine treatment to form CNT-MXene-F-rGO. For the 25 wt% CNT-MXene-F-rGO composites, the lowest RL value reached to 57.6 dB at 10.3 GHz with a thickness of 2.5 mm and an EAB of 3.3 GHz, meeting the high requirements of light, wide-band and high-efficiency. Moreover, the conduction loss, dielectric loss, multiple reflection and scattering collectively functioned to enhance the electromagnetic wave absorbing property. In addition, the heat release capacity (HRC), peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of EP/CNT-MXene-F-rGO10 composites greatly reduced by 53.0%, 40.3% and 15.6%, respectively, showing excellent flame retardancy via the nano-tunneling and catalytic carbonization effect.
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The green alga Haematococcus pluvialis JNU35 is enriched in astaxanthin, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. H. pluvialis JNU35 can be used as an immunostimulant in aquatic feed. Here, the role of ...H. pluvialis JNU35 in mediating growth, antioxidation, immunity and liver function of Trachinotus ovatus was examined through feeding test. HP0, HP1 and HP5 diets containing 0, 10 and 50 g/kg H. pluvialis JNU35 were prepared for 6‐week feeding. It is shown that the supplement of H. pluvialis JNU35 in diet significantly triggers fish growth through elevating activities of digestive enzymes, food intaking, villus length and upregulating growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor. H. pluvialis JNU35 supplementation protected from oxidative stress through the Nrf2‐ARE pathway and thus elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, H. pluvialis JNU35 supplementation protected liver function by declining lipid deposition, inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis, upregulating anti‐inflammatory cytokines and downregulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Non‐specific immune ability of fish was also promoted by regulating expressions of complement 4, c‐type lysozyme and heat shock protein 70 in HP1 and HP5 diets. The blood health state of fish was improved by H. pluvialis JNU35 supplementation. In conclusion, H. pluvialis JNU35 promoted growth, antioxidation, immunity and liver function in T. ovatus.
•A flame-retarding curing agent DP was prepared by ionic bond interaction.•VERDP10 showed good optical transmission, UV resistance and degradation.•The tensile and flexural strength increased by ...54.3% and 30.3% comparing to VER.•Expanded flame-retarding effect functioned to pass the UL-94 V-0 rating at a LOI of 32.2 %.
With the rapid development of engineering technology, it is urgent to design vinyl ester resins (VER) with excellent flame retardancy, high mechanical properties, transparency and degradability to satisfy the high requirements of transportation and aerospace fields. Therefore, a curing agent (DP) with multi flame-retarding elements, aromatic ring and triazine structure was fabricated via simple salt-forming reaction between the PA and DDT. For the VERDP10, the tensile strength and flexural strength increased by 54.3 % and 30.3 % comparing to that of VER, and the light transparency kept at a high level. Meanwhile, the VERDP10 material can be chemically degraded via the hydrolysis of ester bonds under high temperature and high pressure with the catalyst. The VERDP10 material passed the UL-94V-0 rating at a LOI of 32.2 %. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 56.3 % and 36.1 % comparing to that of VER respectively. Moreover, an obvious expanded flame-retarding effect in the condensed phase accompanied with moderate gas-phase effect jointly functioned to the excellent flame retardancy of the VERDP10.
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