Introduction Depressive and manic states contribute significantly to the global social burden, but objective detection tools are still lacking. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing ...voice as a biomarker to detect these mood states. Methods:From real-world emotional journal voice recordings, 22 features were retrieved in this study, 21 of which showed significant differences among mood states. Additionally, we applied leave-one-subject-out strategy to train and validate four classification models: Chinese-speech-pretrain-GRU, Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU), Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Results Our results indicated that the Chinese-speech-pretrain-GRU model performed the best, achieving sensitivities of 77.5% and 54.8% and specificities of 86.1% and 90.3% for detecting depressive and manic states, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 80.2%. Discussion These findings show that machine learning can reliably differentiate between depressive and manic mood states via voice analysis, allowing for a more objective and precise approach to mood disorder assessment.
This study aimed to investigate the Chinese norms for the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) scale and its application.
In total, 7,489 adults from Tianjin and Qingdao in China were included. Their data ...were compared with the norm data of 1,388 people published by Jin et al., the combined norms published by Tang et al., the data of 2,808 adults published by Chen and Li, and the data of 1,890 adults from Tong in China.
In five different periods, notable changes were observed in each factor of the SCL-90 that significantly differed from the previous norms. The scores of each factor showed an increasing annual trend. Compulsion consistently obtained the highest scores, and phobia consistently obtained the lowest scores. The scores tended to decrease from compulsion to anxiety, and psychosis scored lower than paranoia. There was a significant difference in the detection rate between the critical screening value of two points and the standard score. Using the standard score as the critical value, the detection rate ranged between 13 and 16% and was relatively concentrated. Using two points as the critical value, the detection rate ranged between 38 and 50%.
The usual model in China is not consistent with social development. Using two points as the critical value is no longer suitable for the SCL-90. New Chinese norms and measurement standards should be developed. The mean value plus one standard deviation could be used as the new measurement standard.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and improving sleep quality in post-stroke insomnia is beneficial to the recovery of stroke. Acupuncture is widely used for the treatment of ...post-stroke insomnia in China. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to explore the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for post-stroke insomnia.
Eight databases were searched from their inception to 12 September 2022. Two reviewers independently performed the study screening and data extraction. The outcomes include Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), objective sleep data measured by polysomnography (PSG), long-term efficacy and adverse events. The quality of the trials was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0. The RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.1 were used for data synthesis.
Among 3,233 participants from 41 studies were included. Pooled results indicated that acupuncture was superior to control group (CG) in improving PSQI total score (standardized mean difference (
) = -1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.32, -0.74,
< 0.00001), increasing sleep efficiency (
= 0.65, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.92) and total sleep time (
= 0.54, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.86). The favorable results in improving PSQI total score (
= 0.65, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.92), reduced sleep latency (
= 1.84, 95% CI: 0.31 to 3.38) and increased total sleep time (
= -0.73, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.31) were also observed in comparisons of acupuncture plus CG vs. CG. As of long-term efficacy and safety, the effects of acupuncture were long-term and robustness, however, due to limited safety information, reliable safety conclusions cannot be drawn. Subgroup analysis showed that acupuncture plus CG was superior to CG for post-infarction patients, but the efficacy of acupuncture alone compared to non-BZDs or other hypnotics needs further research. The GRADE assessment demonstrated that the level of evidence was mostly low or very low given the flaws in the study design and considerable heterogeneity among the included studies.
Acupuncture could improve sleep quality, has long-term efficacy and without serious adverse events. However, the findings should be treated with caution owing to the existence of methodological quality issues. More studies with rigorous designs are warranted for validation and explored the safety of acupuncture.
A large number of protocols for Systematic Reviews (SR) of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been registered in the International Prospective Register of ...Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). This study aimed to analyze the innovativeness and rigorousness of the SR protocols and make recommendations for the design and implementation of future SRs on TCM for COVID-19. This effort is likely to enhance the value of the produced information and prevent the futility of the research.
PROSPERO was searched comprehensively for identifying SRs of TCM for COVID-19 from the inception of the database to August 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and cross-checked the retrieved information for consistency. The following details were recorded: database, registration time, organizations, types of research included, participants, interventions, and outcome measures. All extracted data were analyzed by an overview. The “P - participants, I - interventions, C - controls, and O - outcomes (PICO)” included in the protocols were compared for similarity. The outcomes of the included SR protocols were compared with the newly published Core Outcome Sets (COSs).
A total of 80 protocols of SR related to TCM for COVID-19 were obtained after a primary search, and finally 71 protocols were included. The majority of the protocols were from China. Thirty-two organizations participated in the protocol registrations, including 11 hospitals and 21 universities/colleges. However, some protocols were not innovative or rigorous enough, as the PICO of some protocols were similar and non-specific, and the searched literature was incomprehensive. In addition, COS is not commonly adopted.
Registering a protocol of SR is an effective way to ensure the usefulness of the produced information, and to avoid the duplication of research and the wastage of resources. In future SR protocols, it is important to focus on and solve the methodological problems such as non-specific PICO, incomprehensive literature retrieval, and improper outcome measures.
Using a panel of 45 major economies, we investigate the effects of geopolitical risk on the dynamics of international capital flows. At aggregate level, capital flows for both advanced countries and ...emerging countries experience significant contractions in the context of increasing geopolitical risk, indicating a flight home effect. Specifically, emerging economies respond to geopolitical risk with a greater magnitude of variations in capital flows. At component level, geopolitical risk generates heterogeneous effect on different components: (i) Other investment for both advanced and emerging countries show significant retrenchment. (ii) Different from the overall condense in capital flows, direct investment shows a flight-to-safety phenomenon, with the direct investment inflows of emerging (advanced) countries significantly decreasing (increasing). Finally, we find short-term predictability of capital flows based on geopolitical risk. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of capital flows, alternative indicators of geopolitical risk, subsample analysis and different data frequencies.
•Aggregate capital flows decrease significantly when geopolitical risk increases.•Capital flows of emerging countries generate greater variations.•Direct investments show a flight-to-safety phenomenon.•Other investments for advanced and emerging countries show significant retrenchment.•Geopolitical risk has short-term predictability of capital flows.
Ginkgo biloba is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from the Ginkgophyta and is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. Clinical trials have demonstrated the ...clinical benefits of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) preparations for patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP).
The efficacy of different GBE preparations in treating UAP may vary, leading to a lack of guidance for physicians when choosing GBE preparations. How to make choices among different GBE preparations is a topic worthy of investigation. In order to clarify the efficacy differences among different GBE preparations, provide a reference for their optimal use conditions, this study was conducted.
This study included literature from eight databases from inception to November 2023. It included UAP patients, with the control group receiving conventional treatment and the treatment group receiving different GBE preparations in addition to conventional treatment. Angina efficacy, electrocardiogram (ECG) improvement, and frequency of angina were chosen as outcomes. This study employed a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis, and the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve was used for estimating the efficacy ranking.
A total of 98 studies involving 9513 patients and 9 interventions were included. Compared with conventional treatment, GBE preparations combined with conventional treatment had better efficacy in angina symptoms and ECG improvement. According to the SUCRA ranking, Shuxuening injection was most effective in improving angina symptoms and reducing the frequency of angina. Among oral GBE preparations, Ginkgo tablets had the best performance in improving angina symptoms and ECG manifestations, and reducing the frequency of angina. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the treatment group and the control group, and all adverse events were mild and self-limiting. Compared with oral preparations, the incidence of adverse events for injections was higher.
GBE preparations may alleviate angina symptoms and myocardial ischemia in the treatment of UAP with favorable safety. Shuxuening injection may be the most effective among all GBE preparations in improving angina symptoms, while Ginkgo tablets may perform best among oral formulations. The optimal use of GBE injection may be for rapidly alleviating angina symptoms and myocardial ischemia in patients with UAP, and oral formulation of GBE may be more suitable for the long-term treatment of patients with milder symptoms.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022361487, ID: CRD42022361487.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a new combined micro/nanoscale implant surface feature on osteoblasts＇ behaviors including cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, ...differentiation, and mineralization in vitro. A new micro/nano-hybrid topography surface was fabricated on commercial pure titanium（Cp Ti） by a two-step sandblasted acid-etching and subsequent alkali-and heattreatment（SA-AH）. The conventional sandblasted/acid-etching（SA） treatment and alkali and heat（AH） treatment were also carried out on the Cp Ti as controls. Surface microstructures of the Ti disc samples were assessed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The neonatal rat calvaria-derived osteoblasts were seeded on these discs and the initial cell morphology was evaluated by SEM and immunofluorescence. Initial adhesion of the cells was then assayed by DAPI staining at 1, 2, and 4 h after seeding. The Cell Counting Kit-8（CCact K8） assay, gene expression of osteoblastic markers（ALP, Col 1, OCN, BSP, OSX, Cbfα1） and Alizarin Red S staining assays were monitored respectively for cell proliferations, differentiation and mineralization. The results show significant differences in osteoblast＇s behaviors on the four kinds of Ti surfaces. Compared with Cp Ti surface, the SA and AH treatment can significantly promote cell adhesion, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. In particular, the combined SA and AH treatments exhibit synergistic effects in comparison with the treatment of SA and AH individually, and are more favorable for stimulating a series of osteogenous responses from cell adhesion to mineralization of osteoblasts. In summary, this study provides some new evidence that the integrated micro/nanostructure on the Cp Ti surface may promote bone osseointegration between the Ti implantbone interfaces in vitro.
Microplastics will definitely increase the potential health risks to humans through food chain, especially by commercial fishes. Here, we studied species-specific effect of microplastics on fish ...embryos and observed uptake, accumulation and elimination of microplastics in larvae. We chose three commercial fish species with different feeding types as our research objects. The results we found demonstrated that microplastics abundance in larvae was related with feeding type. At the same exposure concentration, the ingestion of microplastics in carnivores was lower than that in filter feeders and omnivores. In addition, omnivores were less able to remove microplastics than filter feeders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compared the differences of microplastics ingested in fishes with feeding types under laboratory conditions, and we believe that the findings will be valid evidence to explain species-specific effect of microplastics on fishes.
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•Microplastics abundance in larvae was related with feeding type.
•Carnivorous fish consume less microplastics.
•The microplastic ingestion rate of omnivorous fish was lower than that of filter fish.
•Microplastics are difficult to remove in omnivorous fish.
Molecular manipulation of susceptibility (S) genes that are antipodes to resistance (R) genes has been adopted as an alternative strategy for controlling crop diseases. Here, we show the S gene ...encoding Triticum aestivum m
A methyltransferase B (TaMTB) is identified by a genome-wide association study and subsequently shown to be a positive regulator for wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection. TaMTB is localized in the nucleus, is translocated into the cytoplasmic aggregates by binding to WYMV NIb to upregulate the m
A level of WYMV RNA1 and stabilize the viral RNA, thus promoting viral infection. A natural mutant allele TaMTB-SNP176C is found to confer an enhanced susceptibility to WYMV infection through genetic variation analysis on 243 wheat varieties. Our discovery highlights this allele can be a useful target for the molecular wheat breeding in the future.
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