•The expansion method and the variable separation method are used to obtain the new soliton solution of the (2+1)-dimensional dissipative long wave equation.•The linear soliton solution, periodic ...lump solution, ring soliton solution, and solitoff soliton solution have been constructed.•The elastic collision, soliton fission, and soliton annihilation phenomena have also been studied.
With the help of Mathematica symbolic calculation software, the new soliton solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional dissipative long wave equation were obtained by utilizing the exp(-Φ(ξ)) expansion method and the variable separation method, which include the linear soliton solution, periodic lump solution, ring soliton solution, and solitoff soliton solution. The elastic collision, soliton fission, and soliton annihilation of the soliton solution of the (2+1)-dimensional dissipative long wave equation were discussed as well in this paper.
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common severe clinical syndrome in intensive care unit. Inflammation has been reported to play a critical role in the development of ALI. Cordycepin, an active component ...isolated from Cordyceps militaris, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of cordycepin on LPS-induced ALI remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed whether cordycepin could attenuate ALI induced by LPS. The mice were conditioned with cordycepin 1h before intranasal instillation of LPS. Lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, MPO activity, MDA content, and inflammatory cytokines production were detected. The expression of NF-κB p65, I-κB, Nrf2, and HO-1 were detected by western blot analysis. We found that LPS significantly increased lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, MPO activity, MDA content, and inflammatory cytokines production. However, the increases were significantly inhibited by treatment of cordycepin. LPS-induced NF-κB activation was also suppressed by cordycepin. In addition, cordycepin was found to up-regulate the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that cordycepin could attenuate LPS-induced ALI effectively, probably due to inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.
An effective hybrid cuckoo search algorithm (CS) with improved shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (ISFLA) is put forward for solving 0-1 knapsack problem. First of all, with the framework of SFLA, an ...improved frog-leap operator is designed with the effect of the global optimal information on the frog leaping and information exchange between frog individuals combined with genetic mutation with a small probability. Subsequently, in order to improve the convergence speed and enhance the exploitation ability, a novel CS model is proposed with considering the specific advantages of Lévy flights and frog-leap operator. Furthermore, the greedy transform method is used to repair the infeasible solution and optimize the feasible solution. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out on six different types of 0-1 knapsack instances, and the comparative results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its ability to achieve good quality solutions, which outperforms the binary cuckoo search, the binary differential evolution, and the genetic algorithm.
With the help of the symbolic calculation software Mathematica, the nonlinear coupled Schrödinger system, (2 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long-wave system and (2 + 1)-dimensional ...Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov system are solved by using the improved
exp
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Φ
(
ξ
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expansion method. Diverse new soliton solutions are obtained, and the structure and properties of soliton solutions are studied. We derive seven sets of exact solutions under different conditions for the nonlinear coupled Schrödinger system and the (2 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equation, respectively, and for the (2 + 1)-dimensional Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov system, we find the inelastic interaction solitary waves and fussion soliton.
•Horizontal centrifugal forces induce spin-coated GO membranes to form interlayers predominant controlling transport pathways.•Vertical compressive forces induce filtrated GO membranes to form edges ...predominant controlling transport pathways.•EDTA cross-linking improves ion selectivity of spin-coated GO membranes by enhancing size sieving effect.•EDTA cross-linking promotes ion selectivity of filtrated GO membranes by reinforcing wall affinity effect.•Hydrated ion permeation in GO membranes is determined by channel size, path length and ion-wall interactions.
There is an ongoing enthusiasm in laminar graphene oxide (GO) membranes owing to their great potentials for high-precise separation applications. However, the diametrically different permselectivity properties of reported laminar GO membranes via diverse assembly strategies are poorly understood. Our knowledge about process-structure-performance relationships of laminar GO membranes remain fragmental. Herein, spin-coated and filtrated GO membranes were prepared, which formed interlayers and edges predominant controlling transport pathways under horizontal and vertical assembly force fields respectively. It is demonstrated that the interlayers predominant controlling transport pathways in the spin-coated GO membranes allow hydrated ions slipping across the interlayer channels with low friction, and the EDTA cross-linking restricts the interlayer spacing to enhance the size sieving effect. The s-GO-EDTA membrane delivered monovalent ion permeance of ∼ 0.269 mol m−2 h−1 with mono/divalent ion selectivity of ∼ 7.3. While the edges predominant controlling transport pathways in the filtrated GO membranes provide functional groups at edges to interact with hydrated ions, and the EDTA cross-linking brings more functional groups to reinforce the wall affinity effect. The f-GO-EDTA membrane achieved monovalent ion permeance of ∼ 0.686 mol m−2 h−1 with mono/divalent ion selectivity of ∼ 10.3. The two pathways models correlated with ion permeation performances explicate that hydrated ions diffusion fundamentally obeys the hydrodynamic flow behaviors strongly controlled by channel size, path length and ion-wall interactions. These findings have extensive implications of designing transport pathways of laminar GO membranes, as well as understanding transport mechanisms of hydrated ions in nanoconfined channels.
The local thermal property evaluation of pavement materials has not received enough attention, making the implementation of cool material measures to alleviate the urban heat island difficult. This ...study aims to conduct a control experiment on cool pavement bricks selection from the local market. The surface temperature difference and change characteristics of 28 bricks with different physical properties (i.e. colour, thickness, size and internal structure) were recorded by an infrared thermal imager and thermometers. Comparative analysis shows that the maximum surface temperature of the light-yellow brick is 7.3 °C lower than that of the ash black one, and the maximum surface temperature of hollow bricks is 5.6 °C lower than that of solid bricks. Thick bricks have a slightly low mean and maximum surface temperatures, and large bricks also have a low maximum surface temperature, but only deep coloured bricks. The analysis of variance revealed that for the maximum surface temperature, the three factors (i.e. colour, thickness and internal structure) have an interactive effect; for the mean surface temperature, only the colour and internal structure factors have a significant independent effect. This paper provides a feasible bottom-up cooling scheme for urban underlying surface.
This paper investigates a novel deep learning framework for the general nonconvex quality-of-service (QoS)-constrained beamforming design problems in multi-user systems. While existing deep ...learning-based approaches have shown great success for various power allocation and beamforming design problems, most of the considered problems are equipped with simple constraints (e.g., power budget constraints), which can be satisfied by a simple projection operation. However, it is still a challenge to tackle the more complicated QoS constraints, in which the beamformers and the wireless channels are commonly coupled. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an augmented Lagrangian based penalty-dual training algorithm, which trains two individual neural networks for inferring the beamformers and the corresponding Lagrange multipliers alternatingly. Furthermore, we apply the proposed penalty-dual learning framework to optimize the energy-efficient unicast beamformers and the power-minimized multicast beamformers, respectively. The neural network architectures are judiciously designed based on the solution structures of the two problems. Simulation results on the two applications demonstrate that the proposed penalty-dual approach outperforms state-of-the-art learning approaches and optimization-based algorithms in terms of the constraint violation and the computational time, respectively.
The aim of this paper was to study effect of annealing temperature on microstructure, texture and tensile properties of a high temperature titanium alloy sheet. The as-received sheet exhibited an ...equiaxed structure consisting of primary α phase and few retained β phase. The α phase texture showed a typical B-type texture with inclined to normal direction. The intracrystalline substructure played an important role on tensile strength when the annealing temperature below 900 °C. Duplex microstructure with B + R-type texture was obtained when annealing temperature increased to α＋β region (900–990 °C). The intensity of B-type texture and R-type texture was found to be determined by the volume fraction of primary α phase and transformed β phase. Significant increase of tensile strength after α＋β region annealing was thought to result from the secondary α-β interfaces strengthening, and the formation of R-type texture lead to the anisotropy of tensile strength. Widmanstatten structure was obtained when the sheet suffered a β phase region annealing (1000–1020 °C) and the tensile strength decreased instantly.
In this paper, we investigate the optimal packet scheduling for RSU-to-vehicle downlink communication in Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS). The RSU is powered by a capacity-limited ...battery storing harvested energy with reliable energy source as backup, which meets requirement of renewable energy and ensures sustainability of communication system. We aim to find the optimal packet scheduling policy that minimizes the data queuing delay under a given the reliable power constraint and downlink availability rate. According to probabilistic scheduling policy, we adopt data buffer queue and harvesting energy queue as the state-space, and determine the transition action by the joint state of packet arrivals and channel state to establish a two-dimensional Markov chain. Based on this, the optimization problem is formulated. By solving the problem and analysing its solution, we derive the optimal transmission parameters and the optimal scheduling policy which turns out to be threshold-based. Simulations are demonstrated to verify the accuracy of the theoretical derivation results.
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