Purpose: In this study, the effect of applying different doses of Ficus carica (fig) seed oil obtained by cold pressing method on the kidney tissue and serum GSH level, as well as the formation of ...necrosis and cast in the experimental myoglobinuric acute kidney injury animal model created with glycerol was investigated. Materials and Methods: 32 Wistar albino male rats weighing 460-540 g were randomly divided into four groups of 8 each. Sham Control, MAKI, MAKI+FC3, MAKI+FC6. Urea and creatinine levels of the groups were analyzed by biochemical method. Tissue necrosis level was determined by histological analysis of kidney tissue sections. Results: While urea and creatinine levels increased significantly in the MAKI group compared to all groups, they were found to be lower in the high and low dose treatment groups with no significant difference between them. Tissue and serum GSH levels in the MAKI group were significantly decreased compared to all groups. In the MAKI+FC3 and MAKI+FC6 groups, an increase was detected in the tissue without dose difference, and in the serum only with high dose. The highest score in kidney tissue cast and necrosis levels were observed in the MAKI group, while significant improvements were detected in the treatment groups. Conclusion: Ficus carica(fig) seed oil, provided improvement in morphological damage with improvement in functional damage and increase in antioxidative capacity.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Gliserolle oluşturulmuş Deneysel Miyoglobinürük akut böbrek hasarı hayvan modelinde, soğuk pres yöntemiyle elde edilmiş olan Ficus carica (incir) çekirdeği yağının farklı dozlarda uygulanmasının, böbrek dokusu ve serum GSH düzeyi, ayrıca nekroz ve kast oluşumu üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ağırlığı 460-540 gr arasında değişen, 32 adet Wistar albino erkek sıçan randomize 8’erli dört gruba ayrıldı. Sham Kontrol, MAKI, MAKI+FC3, MAKI+FC6. Grupların Üre ve kreatinin düzeyleri biyokimyasal yöntemle analiz edildi. Doku nekroz düzeyi böbrek doku kesitlerinin histolojik analizi ile belirlendi. Bulgular: MAKI grubunda üre ve kreatinin düzeyi tüm gruplara göre anlamlı olarak artış gösterirken, yüksek ve düşük doz tedavi grubunda aralarında anlamlı fark olmazsızın düşük tespit edildi. MAKI grubu doku ve serum GSH düzeyi tüm gruplara göre anlamlı olarak azaldı. MAKI+FC3 ve MAKI+FC6 gruplarında, dokuda doz farkı olmaksızın, serumda ise yalnız yüksek doz ile artış tespit edildi. Böbrek dokusu kast ve nekroz düzeyinde en yüksek skor MAKI grubunda gözlenirken, tedavi gruplarında anlamlı düzeyde iyileşme tespit edildi. Sonuç: Ficus carica (incir) çekirdeği yağı ise, fonksiyonel hasarda iyileşme ve antioksidatif kapasitede artış ile birlikte morfolojik hasarda iyileşme sağlamıştır.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MEL) treatment
on rats with experimental epilepsy induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Changes
in the control, epilepsy and two ...treatment groups (25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) were
monitored as intragroup and intergroup changes.
Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar albino rats (12-14 weeks old) were
divided into control, PTZ, MEL25 and MEL100 groups, with 10 rats in each group.
Only solvent was injected in the control group, and PTZ at a dose of 35 mg/kg was
administered intraperitoneal 12 times in a total of 23 days in the PTZ group. MEL25
and 100 mg/kg were administered in the MEL25 and MEL100 groups, respectively.
Parameters tested during and after the experiment were behavioural tests (elevated
plus maze), biochemical tests in brain tissue after decapitation; malondialdehyde
(MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS)
and total oxidant status (TOS) and epileptic seizure severity scale scores (every
injection day).
Results: Significant differences were observed among the epilepsy, control and
treatment groups, except for the hiding times, seizure scores and biochemical
tests (p<0.05). As a result of biochemical tests applied to the homogenised brain
tissue after decapitation, dose-dependent results were found to be related to the
different doses of MEL applied in MDA, CAT, SOD, TAS and TOS levels (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, MEL showed a protective and healing role against
physiological changes caused by experimental epilepsy, through its capacity to
reduce oxidative damage and increase antioxidant potency.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apelin (APL)-13 in a trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) induced experimental colitis model. It is also to test whether APL-13 has ...an antioxidant effect in addition to its proliferative and anti-inflammatory effect in colon inflammation by looking at antioxidant parameters. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups as control, sham control, APL control, colitis (TNBS), colitis + ethanol, and colitis + APL. The control group was fed a standard diet without any treatment. The sham group was treated in the same colitis group, but saline was given instead of TNBS. The APL control group was given APL, but no colitis was induced. Colitis + ethanol and colitis + APL group was given ethanol and 100 μg/kg APL intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 3 days after colitis. For the biochemical analysis of the tissues, levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione were measured. Histopathological observations occurred. Results: There were significantly increased MDA and MPO levels the animals that were grouped as TNBS and the antioxidant parameters were shown significantly decreased. Administration of APL-13 did make a significant decrease in colon MDA and MPO levels and antioxidant parameters were shown significantly increased compared to TNBS groups. The histological image of the TNBS + APL group was observed to have reduced mucosal damage, necrosis and edema compared with the TNBS group. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study showed that APL-13 has therapeutic effects on TNBS induced ulcerative colitis. APL-13 may be an effective substance that can be used to eliminate the negative effects of ulcerative colitis.
There are many significantfactors in testicular injury which determine the prognosis in testicular torsion. Reperfusion injury following detorsion also has a significant effect on testicular ...injury.This study was planned considering that with the implementation of intermittent reperfusion and hypothermia, reperfusion injury can be reduced, and such an application might have a positive effect on testicular tissue in the long term.
Forty adult male rats were divided into five groups as follows: Sham(Sh)(n = 8), Torsion(T)(n = 8), Intermittent reperfusion(IR)(n = 8), Hypothermia(H)(n = 8), and Intermittent reperfusion+hypothermia(IR+H)(n = 8). Except forGroup Sh, the left testicle was taken out of the scrotum in all groups, rotated three times counterclockwise, fixed back in the scrotum, and left for four hours.After four hours, and just before reperfusion, the testicle's detorsion was performed while holding the vascular structures in the proximal part of the torsed segment with an atraumatic vessel clamp, and thus, not allowing reperfusion in Groups T, IR, H, and IR+H. In Group T, the clamp was released immediately. In Group H, an ice-bag cooling was performed around the testis, and the clamp was released when the tissue temperature was reached and kept constant at 4 °C. In Group IR, the clamp was released, allowing reperfusion of five seconds, followed by reclamping, providing an ischemic status for ten seconds; this procedure was repeated ten times. In Group H+IR,an ice-bag cooling was performed around the testis, and the clamp was released when the tissue temperature was reached and kept constant at 4 °C. Then, reperfusion was applied for 5 s, followed by 10 s ischemia with reclamping. This procedure was repeated ten times.Tissue blood flow was provided for60 days of reperfusion in all groups. After 60 days, both testicles were excised under anesthesia in all living rats, and samples ofthe left testicle werereserved for biochemical and pathological examinations. At the end of the procedure, all animals were sacrificed by a high dose of anesthesia.
It was biochemically and histopathologically determined that the tissues were preserved in the experimental groups compared to Group T, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05).However, no experimental group's superiority over each other was determined both biochemically and histopathologically (p > 0.05).
Our long-term experimental study revealed that all methods were protective in testicular torsion. The authors believe that these methods can be applied in clinical practice because of their ease of application and no additional cost. On the other hand, the results of our study should further be supported by other experimental studies.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraperitoneal administration of naringenin and vasointestinal peptide (VIP), which are shown effective in various scientific studies, in terms of ...anti-Parkinsonian activity in rats. Material and Methods: Forty-eight Wistar albino female rats were divided into 4 groups. No intervention was made in the control group, rotenone was given to the RT group, rotenone and VIP (25 ng/kg) to the RT+VIP group, and rotenone and naringenin (10 mg/kg) to the RT+NG group. All treatments were administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. The hole and board method was used to show the effects of the Parkinson's model on behavior. On the last day of the experiment, motor tests were carried out with the hole and board apparatus. After the study was completed, biochemical analyzes were performed from brain tissue samples. Results: In comparison to the RT group, while the alpha-sync level in the RT+NG (p=0.023), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels both in the RT+VIP (p=0.039) and RT+NG (p=0.032), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibition in the RT+VIP (p=0.042) groups decreased significantly, the 8-OHdG levels in the RT+VIP (p=0.042) and RT+NG (p=0.034) groups increased significantly. Statistically significant improvement was found both in biochemical and motor activities with the VIP and naringenin treatments applied. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, the symptoms of Parkinson's disease were formed biochemically by rotenone application. The administration of VIP and naringenin treatments has shown positive effects experimentally and has been promising as an adjunct treatment element in the fight against Parkinson's disease.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli bilimsel çalışmalar ile etkili oldukları gösterilmiş olan naringenin ve vazointestinal peptidin (VIP) intraperitoneal olarak uygulanmasının ratlarda anti-Parkinson aktivitesi açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kırk sekiz adet Wistar albino dişi rat 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir müdahale yapılmadı, RT grubuna rotenon verilirken, RT+VIP grubuna rotenon ve VIP (25 ng/kg) ve RT+NG grubuna ise rotenone ve naringenin (10 mg/kg) verildi. Tüm tedaviler 14 gün süreyle intraperitoneal yolla uygulandı. Parkinson modelinin davranış üzerindeki etkilerini göstermek için hole and board yöntemi kullanıldı. Deneyin son günü hole and board aparatı ile motor testleri yapıldı. Çalışma tamamlandıktan sonra alınan beyin dokusu örneklerinden biyokimyasal analizler yapıldı. Bulgular: RT grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında, RT+NG (p=0,023) grubunda alfa senkronizasyon düzeyi, hem RT+VIP (p=0,039) hem de RT+NG (p=0,032) gruplarında malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri ve RT+VIP (p=0,042) grubunda süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) inhibisyonu anlamlı olarak azalırken, RT+VIP (p=0,042) ve RT+NG (p=0,034) gruplarında ise 8-OHdG seviyeleri anlamlı şekilde arttı. Uygulanan VIP ve naringenin tedavileri ile hem biyokimyasal ve hem de motor aktivitelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde düzelme saptandı. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre rotenon uygulaması ile Parkinson hastalığının semptomları biyokimyasal olarak oluşturulmuştur. VIP ve naringenin tedavilerinin uygulanması deneysel olarak olumlu etkiler göstermiştir ve Parkinson hastalığı ile mücadelede yardımcı bir tedavi unsuru olarak umut verici olmuştur.
Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of beta glucan (BG) on the experimental colitis model created by using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Material and Methods: ...Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided equally into four groups as sham control, TNBS, TNBS-BG3, and TNBS-BG10 groups. While saline was administrated to sham group, TNBS was administered intrarectally to the TNBS groups under anesthesia. BG was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage, intragastrically, for 3 days (TNBS+3) to the TNBS-BG3 group and for 10 days (7+TNBS+3) to the TNBS-BG10 group. At the end of the study, macroscopic, histological and biochemical tests were applied to the colon tissues taken. Results: It was determined by histopathological scoring and biochemical results that BG administration caused positive effects on colon damage due to colitis. Malondialdehyde level and myeloperoxidase activity were found to be significantly higher in the TNBS group compared to the other groups (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively). Antioxidant levels increased in BG treated groups compared to TNBS group. While this increase was statistically significant among glutathione levels (p<0.001), it was not statistically significant in catalase enzyme activity (p=0.218). BG administration reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation and leukocyte infiltration level in the colon tissue. Positive changes due to the prophylactic effect of BG were determined in histological and biochemical results. Conclusion: BG administration has been found to show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and BG has a treatment potential in reducing colon tissue damage due to TNBS-induced colitis.
Reperfusion injury after detorsion in testicular torsion is a clinical problem. This study was planned to investigate the protective effect of intermittent reperfusion in hypothermia-applied ...testicles.
A total of 40 adult male rats were used, and 5 groups were created: sham (Sh; n = 8), torsion (T; torsion-detorsion) (n = 8), intermittent reperfusion (IR; n = 8), hypothermia (H; n = 8), and intermittent reperfusion+hypothermia (H+IR; n = 8). The left testicle was removed in all groups except in the Sh group, and it was rotated 3 times counterclockwise, fixed in the scrotum, and left for 4 h. After 4 h, the testicle was detorsioned in the groups T, IR, H, and H+IR. During detorsion, an atraumatic vessel clamp was applied in the proximal part of the vascular structures to prevent any reperfusion of the testicle. The clamp was opened immediately in the group T. In the group IR, the clamp was opened, a reperfusion of 5 s was applied; then, the clamp was closed again, and ischemia was created for 10 s; this procedure was repeated 10 times. In the group H, an ice bag cooling was performed around the testis. The tissue temperature was kept constant at 4 °C using a digital thermometer control. The testicle was cooled using an ice bag in the group H+IR; the same procedure was applied to the IR group. In all groups, reperfusion was performed for 1 h at the end of these procedures. The left testicle was removed from all rats; a portion of each testicle was separated for biochemistry testing, and some was separated for histopathological evaluation. At the end of the procedure, intracardiac blood was taken to examine oxidative stress parameters. At the end of the procedure, all animals were sacrificed after administration of a high dose of anesthesia.
The authors observed that the tissue was preserved in the experimental groups and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). It was detected that the tissues were also histopathologically and significantly preserved in the groups IR, H, and H+IR. However, both biochemically and histopathologically, there was no superiority of hypothermia, intermittent reperfusion, or combined application (p>0.05).
Both hypothermia and intermittent reperfusion alone protect tissue from IR damage. But no studies have been found in which these applications were used together. And as a result of this work, the combination of both methods did not show superiority over the effect they showed when they were used separately. The authors think that these methods can be applied clinically because of their ease of application and no additional costs; however, it should be supported by other studies.Summary tableBiochemical evaluation of the left testis with mean and standard deviation scores (experimental and torsion)SOD (%)MPO (mU/mL)GPx (mU/mL)CAT (mU/mL)MDA (nmol/g tissue)T58.00 ± 11.20585.76 ± 35.79587.12 ± 37.3874.36 ± 12.98140.66 ± 3.23Sh9.25 ± 3.60*247.02 ± 22.13*845.40 ± 57.49*364.65 ± 33.97*102.13 ± 2.42*H29.25 ± 8.73*359.60 ± 38.28*684.05 ± 29.23*210.85 ± 26.32*122.04 ± 2.97*IR37.00 ± 8.91*395.69 ± 22.387*709.20 ± 30.63*212.88 ± 44.31*122.19 ± 3.23*H + IR34.00 ± 5.11*376.49 ± 23.62*661.96 ± 18.22*209.83 ± 38.38*119.74 ± 3.00*T, torsion; H + IR, intermittent reperfusion + hypothermia; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MPO, myeloperoxidase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase; MDA, malondialdehyde; H, hypothermia; IR, intermittent reperfusion; Sh, sham.*P<0.05 compared with the torsion group.
Colon cancer is on the rise in both men and women. In addition to traditional treatment methods, herbal treatments from complementary and alternative medicine are actively followed. Naturally derived ...from plants, thymoquinone (TQ) has drawn a lot of attention in the field of cancer treatment. MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, is used to improve memory and plasticity, but it has also lately been explored as a potential cancer treatment. This study aimed to determine the roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate agonists and Thymoquinone on mitochondria and apoptosis. HT-29 cells were treated with different TQ and MK-801 concentrations. We analyzed cell viability, apoptosis, and alteration of mitochondria. Cell viability significantly decreased depending on doses of TQ and MK-801. Apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by low and high doses of TQ and MK-801. Our study emphasizes the need for further safety evaluation of MK-801 due to the potential toxicity risk of TQ and MK-801. Optimal and toxic doses of TQ and MK-801 were determined for the treatment of colon cancer. It should be considered as a possibility that colon cancer can be treated with TQ and MK-801.
Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal hypothyroidism on neonatal rats by the way of activity-dependent neuroprotective factor (ADNF) expression. Methods Twenty-one ...Wistar albino neonatal rats were divided into two subgroups; a control group and neonatal rats with experimental maternal hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism was induced by using propylthiouracil (PTU). Neonatal rats obtained PTU from breast milk continuously for 1 week after birth. The rats from the control group were fed only normal feed and water. After birth, body weight and blood thyroid hormone levels were tested. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Slug, Numb, Notch-1 and ADNF antibodies were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analyses were used to evaluate ADNF gene expression levels from 1-week-old rat's brain. Results There was no difference between the two groups for birth weights. The thyroxine (T4) level from the experimental group was <0.4 ng/mL, and it was 0.8 ng/mL for the control group. It was shown that, the results from the experimental group samples had significantly lower ADNF mRNA levels than control group (p < 0.05). The increase from GFAP and Numb expression and decrease from Slug expression were shown in the experimental group. Local differences were identified for ADNF and a decrease was shown in both sides of brain. There was no difference for Notch-1 expression for both groups. Conclusion In this study, decreasing ADNF expression might contribute to developing neurological problems in congenital hypothyroidism.
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