Atopic dermatitis imposes a significant burden on patients, families and healthcare systems. Management is difficult, due to disease heterogeneity, co‐morbidities, complexity in care pathways and ...differences between national or regional healthcare systems. Better understanding of the mechanisms has enabled a stratified approach to the management of atopic dermatitis, supporting the use of targeted treatments with biologicals. However, there are still many issues that require further clarification. These include the definition of response, strategies to enhance the responder rate, the duration of treatment and its regimen (in the clinic or home‐based), its cost‐effectiveness and long‐term safety. The EAACI Guidelines on the use of dupilumab in atopic dermatitis follow the GRADE approach in formulating recommendations for each outcome and age group. In addition, future approaches and research priorities are discussed.
Objetivo. Conocer la valoración de los estudiantes respecto a la simulación como herramienta de formación y la opinión sobre la figura del alumno instructor. Sujetos y métodos. El taller se realizó ...en el Centro de Simulación y tuvo una duración aproximada de 90 minutos. En cada sesión estaba el alumno instructor con diez compañeros. Los alumnos instructores fueron formados previamente por un profesor de cardiología. Al finalizar la sesión, los estudiantes cumplimentaron un cuestionario de satisfacción anónimo que contenía preguntas relacionadas con el aprendizaje basado en la simulación y sobre la capacidad de sus compañeros para actuar como formadores. Resultados. Se obtuvieron encuestas de 291 estudiantes: 150 de quinto y 141 de sexto curso (82,4% y 71,2% de los matriculados, respectivamente). Los datos obtenidos del cuestionario de satisfacción respecto a la metodología de aprendizaje obtuvieron puntuaciones entre 3,64 y 4,75 sobre 5. Las preguntas que valoraban la opinión acerca de los alumnos formadores obtuvieron valores entre 4,88 y 4,93 sobre 5. Conclusiones. La simulación es una herramienta docente complementaria muy valiosa. La participación de alumnos instructores podría ser una ayuda adicional en los talleres de simulación de exploración cardiológica.
(1) Background: In children, SARS-CoV-2 infection is mostly accompanied by mild COVID-19 symptoms. However, multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and long-term sequelae are often severe ...complications. Therefore, the protection of the pediatric population against SARS-CoV-2 with effective vaccines is particularly important. Here, we compare the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited in children (n = 15, aged 5–11 years) vaccinated with the RBD-based vaccines SOBERANA® 02 and SOBERANA® Plus combined in a heterologous scheme with those from children (n = 10, aged 4–11 years) who recovered from mild symptomatic COVID-19. (2) Methods: Blood samples were taken 14 days after the last dose for vaccinated children and 45–60 days after the infection diagnosis for COVID-19 recovered children. Anti-RBD IgG and ACE2-RBD inhibition were assessed by ELISA; IgA, cytokines, and cytotoxic-related proteins were determined by multiplex assays. Total B and T cell subpopulations and IFN-γ release were measured by multiparametric flow cytometry using a large panel of antibodies after in vitro stimulation with S1 peptides. (3) Results: Significant higher levels of specific anti-RBD IgG and IgA and ACE2-RBD inhibition capacity were found in vaccinated children in comparison to COVID-19 recovered children. Th1-like and Th2-like CD4+ T cells were also significantly higher in vaccinated subjects. IFN-γ secretion was higher in central memory CD4+ T cells of COVID-19 recovered children, but no differences between both groups were found in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell effector, terminal effector, and naïve T cell subpopulations. In contrast to low levels of IL-4, high levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 suggest a predominant Th1 cell polarization. Cytotoxic-related proteins granzyme A and B, perforin, and granulin were also found in the supernatant after S1 stimulation in both vaccinated and recovered children. (4) Conclusions: Vaccination with the heterologous scheme of SOBERANA® 02/SOBERANA® Plus induces a stronger antibody and cellular immune response compared to natural infections in young children.
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