Microvascular dysfunction is suggested to be a marker of common pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given ...the established relationship of diet with the macrovascular disease, the aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the possible associations between dietary patterns and microcirculation.
Two hundred ninety-one healthy men and women selected from the Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants 2' cohort were assessed for anthropometric, nutritional, biochemical, and microcirculation parameters using finger skin capillaroscopy. Dietary intake was assessed cross-sectionally using a food frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns from 40 food groups. Six dietary patterns were identified. A dietary pattern characterized by increased consumption of vegetable oils, poultry, and fish and seafood was positively associated with both functional and anatomic capillary density after adjusting for confounders (β=0.13, P=0.05 and β=0.20, P=0.00, respectively). A second dietary pattern with increased consumption of sweets was inversely associated with functional and anatomic capillary density in all multivariate models (β=-0.14, P=0.03 and β=-0.17, P=0.01). There were no associations between any of the derived dietary patterns and capillary recruitment.
In healthy subjects, a dietary pattern characterized by an increased consumption of vegetable oils, poultry, and fish and seafood and low consumption of sweets was associated with better microvascular function. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the present association.
To evaluate all epidemiological evidence in the literature linking the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and migraine in adults.
Database (Medline, Embase; published reports up to November 2017) and manual ...searches were performed. Information on data collection, sample characteristics, study design, MetS and migraine assessment, and results was extracted from each relevant publication. The methodological quality of each study was also assessed.
A total of 15 observational epidemiological studies in adults, published between 2009 and 2017, were retrieved. Of these, one employed a prospective design, while the rest had a cross-sectional (13 studies) or case–control (one study) design. Five studies assessed the presence of migraine in individuals with MetS, whereas 10 studies assessed the presence or risk of MetS in migraineurs. Most participants were female hospital outpatients. The sole prospective cohort study reported 11-year MetS incidence of 21.8% in migraineurs with aura, 16.8% in migraineurs without aura and 14.5% in subjects without headaches. Most studies (60%) provided no statistical estimates of association. Methodological flaws included selection biases, lack of power analysis, unsuitable research plans and no multivariable analyses. Meta-analysis was not feasible with the available data.
Our systematic review has identified major gaps in knowledge and weaknesses in research that should provide an impetus for future epidemiological investigations using more rigorous methodology, large general-population prospective cohorts, and substantial data on dietary behaviours and lifestyle.
Research infrastructures (RIs) are essential to advance research on the relationship between food, nutrition, and health. RIs will facilitate innovation and allow insights at the systems level which ...are required to design (public health) strategies that will address societal challenges more effectively.
In the EuroDISH project we mapped existing RIs in the food and health area in Europe, identified outstanding needs, and synthesised this into a conceptual design of a pan-European DISH-RI. The DISH model was used to describe and structure the research area: Determinants of food choice, Intake of foods and nutrients, Status and functional markers of nutritional health, and Health and disease risk.
The need to develop RIs in the food and health domain clearly emerged from the EuroDISH project. It showed the necessity for a unique interdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder RI that overarches the research domains. A DISH-RI should bring services to the research community that facilitate network and community building and provide access to standardised, interoperable, and innovative data and tools. It should fulfil the scientific needs to connect within and between research domains and make use of current initiatives. Added value can also be created by providing services to policy makers and industry, unlocking data and enabling valorisation of research insights in practice through public-private partnerships. The governance of these services (e.g. ownership) and the centralised and distributed activities of the RI itself (e.g. flexibility, innovation) needs to be organised and aligned with the different interests of public and private partners.
•EuroDISH showed the need for a unique, overarching RI in the food & health domain.•The RI should connect countries and research disciplines, and build on existing RIs.•It should provide services that facilitate research network and community building.•It should provide access to standardised, interoperable, innovative data and tools.•And, it should serve researchers, policy makers, industry, and societal stakeholders.
We set out to assess the perceived risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus in an urban setting using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to collect data from ...different stakeholders constituting the triangle of care. Ethnomethodological analyses were done manually and with Ethnograph® software. The results showed an awareness of emergence of CVD and diabetes in Cameroon and perceived relationships between risk factors and CVD and diabetes. The awareness of behavioural risk factors was higher than the biological ones, though perceptions about them were muddled. The main drawbacks for reducing risk factors were perceived to emerge from the lack of a national policy programme on non-communicable diseases; and the low level of awareness of the need to reduce these risk factors. The assessment illustrates that there is currently a mismatch between the needs and expectations of all the stakeholders regarding health promotion and advice on risk factors reduction and an apparent reluctance by health care providers to fulfil this role. This issue can only be addressed in countries of sub-Sahara through capacity building for control and prevention of CVD risk factors.
Plain language summary There is compelling, worldwide evidence that pregnancy and birth during teenage years are significant contributors to high school dropout rates, especially in developing ...countries. Research has also shown that education continuity of teenage mothers can lessen the long term negative social consequences of teenage pregnancies and childbearing. In this study, we investigated the factors associated with school dropout in a sample of Cameroonian teenage mothers. The information collected included socio-economic, family, sexual characteristics, and health-seeking behavior. Among the 18,791 single mothers, 41.6% had dropped out of school because of pregnancy. School dropout was more common in those who were evicted from their parental home, those who declared having other single mothers in their family and in mothers who had their 1st child before 15. Using modern contraceptive methods, having declared no sexual partner during the last year and having less than 2 children were associated with a reduced likelihood of school dropout. In conclusion, strong social support is essential to ensure school continuity in this vulnerable population. Dropping out of school may put the teenage mother more at risk of unsafe health behaviour and new pregnancies.
Primordial prevention may be a relevant strategy for the prevention of cancer. Given the commonality of risk factors and mechanisms between cancer and cardiovascular disease, we examined the ...associations between the number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics in midlife and incident cancer.
In 3 European cohorts (NutriNet-Santé and GAZEL, France; Whitehall II, United Kingdom), the number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics was determined at baseline (range 0-7). Follow-up for cancer events was until October 2020 (NutriNet-Santé), March 2017 (Whitehall II) and December 2015 (GAZEL). Cox regression was conducted in each cohort, and results were thereafter pooled using a random-effects model.
Data were available on 39 718 participants. A total of 16 237 were from NutriNet-Santé (mean age 51.3 yr; 28% men), 9418 were from Whitehall II (mean age 44.8 yr; 68% men) and 14 063 were from GAZEL (mean age 45.2 yr; 75% men). The median follow-up was 8.1 years in NutriNet-Santé, 29.6 years in Whitehall II and 24.8 years in GAZEL, and yielded a total of 4889 cancer events. A greater number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower overall cancer risk in each cohort, with an aggregate hazard ratio (HR) per 1 increment in number of ideal metrics of 0.91 (95% confidence interval CI 0.88-0.93). This association remained after removal of the smoking metric (aggregate HR per unit increment in number of ideal metrics: 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.97), and site-specific analysis demonstrated a significant association with lung cancer.
A greater number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics in midlife was associated with lower cancer risk, notably lung cancer. Primordial prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in midlife may be a complementary strategy to prevent the onset of cancer.
Objective: To compare the 10‐year changes in the distribution of adiposity in rural and urban Cameroonian populations.
Methods and Procedures: Two cross‐sectional surveys of populations in the same ...rural and urban areas of Cameroon, aged ≥24 years, were carried out in 1994 (1,762 subjects) and 2003 (1,398 subjects) using similar methodology. All eligible subjects answered a structured questionnaire on their educational level, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking and weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured.
Results: Between 1994 and 2003, the age‐standardized prevalence of BMI ≥25 kg/m2 increased significantly only in the rural area (+54% for women and +82% for men), while the age‐standardized prevalence of central obesity (WC ≥80 cm (women), ≥94 cm (men)) increased significantly only in the urban population (+32% for women and +190% for men). These differences persisted after adjustments for age group, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and level of education, and within almost all the strata of the studied risk factors.
Discussion: Changes in adiposity over time in Cameroon were characterized by an increase of BMI in the rural area and of WC in the urban area.
Abstract Background and aims The prevention of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is of major concern and nutrition has been shown to modulate at least partly MetS risk. Our objective was to investigate ...whether a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a higher risk of MetS and its components in a large cohort of French adults. Methods and results A total of 3726 participants from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort were included in this study. The MetS status was identified at baseline and after 13 years of follow-up using self-reported medication, data from clinical investigations and biological measurements. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was computed using repeated 24 h-dietary records (n = 10.1 ± 3.1). Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the prospective association of the DII (as Q, quartiles) with the incidence of MetS and with the traits contributing to the MetS-definition (blood pressure, glycaemia, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference). A diet with pro-inflammatory properties, as expressed by higher DII scores, was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing the MetS (OR comparing Q4 to Q1: 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.92, P = 0.047). Moreover, higher DII scores were associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( Ptrend across quartiles = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively) and triglycerides ( Ptrend = 0.01), and with lower HDL-cholesterol ( Ptrend = 0.03). Conclusion A higher DII score was prospectively associated with a higher risk of MetS, with associations with blood pressure, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Promotion of a healthy diet exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to prevent cardio-metabolic disorders.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), comprising high waist circumference, blood pressure, glycemia, and triglycerides, and lower HDL cholesterol could in part be prevented by adequate nutrition. ...Nutrient profiling systems could be useful public health tools to help consumers make healthier food choices. An individual dietary index (DI) based on nutrient profiling of foods consumed could characterize dietary patterns in relation to the onset of MetS.
Objective: The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate the association between the Food Standards Agency (FSA) Nutrient Profiling System (NPS) DI and the onset of MetS in a middle-aged French cohort.
Methods: Participants from the SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants cohort (SU.VI.MAX, n = 3741) were included in the present study. The FSA NPS DI was computed by using dietary data from 24 h records at inclusion. MetS was identified at baseline and at year 13 of follow-up with the use of self-reported medication, data from clinical investigations, and biological measurements. A prospective association between the FSA NPS DI (in quartiles and continuous) and the onset of MetS was investigated by using logistic regression.
Results: Poorer diets identified with the use of the FSA NPS DI were significantly associated with a higher risk of developing MetS (OR for poorer vs. healthier FSA NPS DI: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.89; P-trend across quartiles = 0.02). The FSA NPS DI was significantly associated with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) components of MetS (difference between healthier vs. poorer FSA NPS DI: 2.16 mm Hg for SBP and 1.5 mm Hg for DBP, P-trend across quartiles = 0.02).
Conclusion: The FSA NPS DI was prospectively associated with the onset of MetS in a middle-aged French population. The application of NPSs in public health initiatives may help the population make healthier food choices, which might reduce the risk of developing MetS.
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