San Telmo, backpackers y otras globalizaciones Firmo, Fernando
Cultura, hombre, sociedad : revista de ciencias sociales y humanas : CUHSO,
06/2024, Letnik:
25, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Este artículo pretende contribuir al debate sobre otras formas de globalización presentando una etnografía realizada en el barrio de San Telmo sobre mochileros que combinan en sus experiencias viaje ...y trabajo. Su objetivo es viajar al mismo tiempo que sacan provecho de esto para conseguir el capital necesario que les permita continuar en movimiento alrededor del globo. En este texto quiero hablar sobre estos auténticos actores de la globalización popular que ponen el foco en procesos y agentes alternativos no hegemónicos y que en este caso desarrollan su actividad en el contexto de la experiencia mochilera en San Telmo, siendo mi intención enriquecer las reflexiones sobre la globalización desde abajo.
Terceirizacao: um conceito in contexto Firmo, Fernando
Interseções : revista de estudos interdisciplinares,
06/2012, Letnik:
14, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The world of work in general and outsourcing in particular will be the focus of this article. I intend to unfold different viewpoints and considerations to contextualize the concept of outsourcing ...taking into account two distinct groups of workers (regular employees and outsourced employees) of the former itabira Special Steels Company (Companhia de Acos Especiais itabira), ACESUTA, nowadays known as Aperam, whose plant is located in the city of Timoteo, Minas Gerais State. 0 mundo do trabalho, especialmente, a terceirizacao, sera o foco do presente artigo. A partir de dois grupos operarios (funcionarios do quadro fixo e funcionarios terceirizados) da antiga companhia de Acos Especiais Itabira, ACESITA, atual Aperam, cuja planta industrial esta localizada na cidade de Timoteo-MG, explicito distintos pontos de vistas e consideracoes para contextualizar o conceito de terceirizacao. Palavras-chave Trabalho. Terceirizacao. Acesita. Etnografia. Keywords Work. Outsourcing. Acesita. Ethnography.
Terceirizacao: um conceito in contexto Firmo, Fernando
Interseções : revista de estudos interdisciplinares,
06/2012, Letnik:
14, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The world of work in general and outsourcing in particular will be the focus of this article. I intend to unfold different viewpoints and considerations to contextualize the concept of outsourcing ...taking into account two distinct groups of workers (regular employees and outsourced employees) of the former itabira Special Steels Company (Companhia de Acos Especiais itabira), ACESUTA, nowadays known as Aperam, whose plant is located in the city of Timoteo, Minas Gerais State.
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Antropologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social, 2008.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08
Em maio de 2004, teve início uma das maiores ocupações de terras da capital goiana. Consta nos jornais locais dessa época que mais de 2.500 famílias construíram barracos de lona, madeira ou alvenaria em uma área próxima ao centro da cidade, ocupada ilegalmente, no Setor Parque Oeste Industrial. No ano seguinte, aos 16 dias do mês de fevereiro, a PM ao lado da Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado de Goiás, cumpriu o mandado do MP de desocupar as terras do Parque Oeste Industrial. A ocupação, batizada de “Sonho Real”, teve um fim trágico com a morte de duas pessoas, durante o despejo violento. A partir deste;
fato, o movimento social constituído dentro da Ocupação Sonho Real, ganhou visibilidade;
no cenário local e nacional. Com a ajuda de movimentos sociais de luta pela terra no campo e na cidade, ONG’s e partidos políticos, deflagrou-se uma série de protestos em Goiânia. Neste contexto, diferentes bandeiras foram levantadas como: (i) abertura de uma CPMI da Terra para investigar as mortes dos trabalhadores durante o despejo, (ii) uma política de;
reparação moral e material aos moradores da antiga Ocupação Sonho Real, (iii) construção;
de um abrigo para as famílias despejadas que não possuíam parentes e/ou conhecidos na;
cidade. Poucos dias após o despejo, os governos estadual e municipal providenciaram dois ginásios de esportes, para instalar provisoriamente os remanescentes da ocupação. Em fins de junho de 2005, o STJ, formalizou um TAC, obrigando os governos municipal, estadual e federal, a construírem um conjunto habitacional popular para assentar definitivamente os moradores da ocupação de terras do Parque Oeste Industrial. O Estado teria um prazo de até;
02 (dois) anos para entregar mais de 1.200 moradias contemplando, primeiramente, o grupo;
que cobitava os ginásios de esportes. Devido a precariedade dos locais de moradia daquelas;
pessoas naquele momento, os ginásios de esportes, um acampamento provisório foi erguido nas cercanias da capital para abrigar estas famílias, enquanto aguardavam a construção do conjunto habitacional que iria assentá-las definitivamente. Minha experiência de pesquisa que resultou na presente dissertação trata da vida no acampamento durante a transferência dos moradores do local para o conjunto de habitações cujo nome é Real Conquista. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In May of 2004, it had beginning one of the biggest land occupations of the goiana;
capital. It consists in local periodicals of this time that 2,500 families had more than;
constructed barracos of canvas, illegally works with wood or masonry in an area next to the center to the city, busy, in the Sector Park Industrial West. In the following year, to the 16 days of the February month, the P.M. to the side of the Secretariat of Public Security of the State of Goiás, fulfilled the errand of the MP to vacate lands of the Park Industrial West. The occupation, baptized of “Real Dream”, had a tragic end with the death of two people, during the violent ousting. From this fact, the social movement consisting inside of the Occupation Real Dream, gained visibility in the local and national scene. With the aid of social movements of fight for the land in the field and the city, ONG's and political parties, a series of protests in Goiânia was deflagrou. In this context, different flags had been raised;
as: (i) opening of a CPMI of the Land to investigate the deaths of the workers during the ousting, (ii) one politics of moral and material repairing to the inhabitants of the old Occupation Real Dream, (iii) construction of a shelter for the unhouse who do not possuíam relatives and/or known families in the city. After the ousting, the governments state and municipal had few days provided two gymnasia of sports, to provisorily install the remainders of the occupation. In ends of June of 2005, the STJ, legalized a TAC, compelling the governments municipal, state and federal, to construct a popular habitacional set definitively to seat the inhabitants of the land occupation of the Park Industrial West. The State would have a stated period of up to 02 (two) years delivering 1.200 housings more than contemplating, first, the group that cobitava gymnasia of sports. Had the precariousness of the places of housing of those people at that moment, the gymnasia of sports, a provisory encampment was raised in the environs of the capital to shelter these families, while they waited the construction of a popular habitacional set that would go to seat them definitively. My experience of research that resulted in the present monogrhaph deals with the life in the encampment during the transference of the;
inhabitants of the place for the habitacional set.
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Antropologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, 2013.
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Este estudo analisa as transformações, no decorrer do tempo, do trabalho e de perfis operários em um lugar específico: a antiga usina siderúrgica Acesita, atual Aperam South America, cuja planta fabril está localizada na cidade de Timóteo, que faz parte da região do Vale do Aço, em Minas Gerais. O objetivo é compor uma história sobre a construção de um sistema fábrica-vila operária, a formação de várias gerações de um operariado industrial e as mudanças do processo de trabalho do fordismo ao toyotismo. A história etnográfica documentada, a partir do ponto de vista do operariado fabril, materializa, em parte, a história universal do capitalismo. Gerações de trabalhadores da Acesita deram origem a uma siderúrgica nascida a partir de importantes acordos internacionais. Produziram aço de forma braçal e entraram no século XXI, movendo esta usina quase totalmente automatizada e completamente integrada à flexibilização produtiva e organizacional do capitalismo. Contando com aproximadamente 8.000 funcionários e 4.000 residências no auge de sua existência, reconstituo a grandeza e as injustiças da Acesita, contribuindo para a inserção desta história operária na história do desenvolvimento industrial do país. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This study analyses the transformations, during the time, in the work and labor’s profiles in a specific place: the old Acesita steel mill, currently Aperam South America. The manufacturing plant is located in the city of Timóteo, part of the Vale do Aço (Steel Valley) region in the brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The objective is to compose a history about the construction of a “factory-labor village” system, the formation of various generations of industrial workers and the changes in the work process from fordism till toyotism. The documented ethnographic history from the labor’s point of view materializes, partially, the universal history of capitalism. Generations of Acesita workers originated a steel mill born from important international agreements. They produced handmade steel in the past and entered the XXI century driving this almost automatic factory, completely integrated to the productive and organizational flexibility of contemporary capitalism. Counting approximately 8000 employees and 4000 residences in the peek of its existence, I reconstitute the grandiosity and injustices of Acesita, contributing to the insertion of this labor’s history in the history of Brazil’s industrial development.
Self-rated health (SRH) has strong predictive value for mortality in different contexts and cultures, but there is inconsistent evidence on ethnoracial disparities in SRH in Latin America, possibly ...due to the complexity surrounding ethnoracial self-classification.
We used 370,539 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine the association between individual genomic proportions of African, European and Native American ancestry, and ethnoracial self-classification, with baseline and 10-year SRH trajectories in 1,311 community dwelling older Brazilians. We also examined whether genomic ancestry and ethnoracial self-classification affect the predictive value of SRH for subsequent mortality.
European ancestry predominated among participants, followed by African and Native American (median = 84.0%, 9.6% and 5.3%, respectively); the prevalence of Non-White (Mixed and Black) was 39.8%. Persons at higher levels of African and Native American genomic ancestry, and those self-identified as Non-White, were more likely to report poor health than other groups, even after controlling for socioeconomic conditions and an array of self-reported and objective physical health measures. Increased risks for mortality associated with worse SRH trajectories were strong and remarkably similar (hazard ratio ~3) across all genomic ancestry and ethno-racial groups.
Our results demonstrated for the first time that higher levels of African and Native American genomic ancestry--and the inverse for European ancestry--were strongly correlated with worse SRH in a Latin American admixed population. Both genomic ancestry and ethnoracial self-classification did not modify the strong association between baseline SRH or SRH trajectory, and subsequent mortality.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that the waste sector is a potential emitter of methane gas (CH4), which has a greenhouse effect up to 28 times greater than that of ...carbon dioxide (CO2). The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) generates greenhouse gases (GHG) directly through emissions from the process itself as well as indirectly through transportation and energy consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the GHG emissions contributed by the waste sector in the Recife metropolitan region (RMR) and to define mitigation scenarios to comply with the Brazilian Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), a result of the Paris Agreement. To achieve this, an exploratory study was carried out, including a literature review, collection of data, estimation of emissions using the IPCC model (2006), and comparison between the values assumed by the country in 2015 and those estimated in the adopted mitigation scenarios. The RMR is composed of 15 municipalities, has an area of 3,216,262 km2 and a population of 4,054,866 inhabitants (2018), generating approximality 1.4 million t-year of MSW. It was estimated that, in the period from 2006 to 2018, 25.4 million tCO2e were emitted. The comparative analysis between the absolute values defined in the Brazilian NDC and the results from the mitigation scenarios showed that approximately 36 million tCO2e could be avoided through the disposal of MSW in the RMR, equivalent to a 52% reduction in emissions estimated for 2030, a percentage greater than the 47% reduction assumed in the Paris Agreement.
Corrosion is a spontaneous process that can result in both aesthetic and structural damage, incurring significant costs. One of the most commonly employed methods for mitigating the effects of ...corrosion is the application of organic coatings. However, no coating is precluded from potential damage, whether due to factors such as end-of-life degradation, inadequate application, poor quality, or impact-related incidents. Within this context, the primary objective of this study is to develop a novel and easy to apply anticorrosive adhesive for carbon steel surfaces from post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles as a temporary coating. PET films were produced by phase inversion technique, which involves the dissolution of PET bottles in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and dichloromethane (DCM) solvents, followed by precipitation in a non-solvent bath. The resulting films were utilized as backing materials in the production of self-adhesive tapes with anticorrosive properties. Two different solvent proportions were selected to assess the feasibility of this technique, which are 70/30 and 50/50 (TFA/DCM v/v). For each condition, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, immersion tests in NaCl aqueous solution 3.5 wt%, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed. Experimental results revealed that the utilization of a solvent system with a higher concentration of DCM produces a more cohesive and denser film, leading to improved outcomes in both total immersion and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. The impedance modulus value obtained after 168 h of immersion in an aqueous solution of NaCl 3.5 wt% for 50/50 TFA/DCM film was 106 Ω·cm2, with no corrosion product observed on the protected area. Furthermore, thermal and infrared analyzes demonstrated that there is no change in PET chemical and thermal properties after inversion phase process.
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•Anticorrosive coating from recycled PET bottles to protect carbon steel surfaces•Use of phase inversion technique to produce PET film•Coatings showed impedance modulus values up to 106 Ω·cm2.•PET self-adhesive from 50/50 TFA/DCM film presented best barrier performance.•PET chemical and thermal properties were not affected after inversion phase process.
Anaerobic digestion of food waste requires the addition of alkalinizer such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) which acts as a buffer in pH control, preventing accumulation of VFAs, contributing to ...increased methane production. The appropriate concentration of the alkalizer directly influences the methane generation potential of substrate. This research tested different concentrations of bicarbonate in the anaerobic digestion of food waste, using anaerobic inoculants (industrial granular sludge and flocculent sewage). Several ratios of mass percentages of NaHCO3/mass residue (%), 1.5%, 4.5%, 11%, 28%, and 111%, were tested, evaluating their effect on the methane generation potential and methane concentration in biogas in tests of biochemical potential of methane. The best methane generation potential (214 NmL CH4/g VS) and methane concentration in biogas (78%) was obtained, using 11% NaHCO3 mass/mass residue, and industrial sludge as inoculum. NaHCO3 functioned satisfactorily as a buffering agent for anaerobic digestion. The excess or the scarcity of alkalizer is harmful to anaerobic digestion, regardless of the quality of the inoculum used.
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•NaHCO3 acts efficiently as an alkalizing and buffering agent for FW AD.•NaHCO3, 11% (m/m), provided a methane potential of 214 NmL CH4/g VS for FW AD.•NaHCO3 (11%, m/m) favored the generation of biogas with 78% methane for FW AD.•Absence or excess NaHCO3 interferes with the methane potential obtained for FW AD.
This book was born from a meeting in the city of Barranquilla (Colombia), on the occasion of the event of the American University Corporation (CIID) in 2016. It was an effervescent moment where each ...of the researchers present there reflected the open wound of Latin America. Through a conversation with the editors of the Corporación Universitaria Americana, the idea emerged to produce a theoretical material where the contemporary realities of various Latin American countries and their struggles to try to continue breathing an unhealthy atmosphere where profound political, social, economic and ideological transformations contaminated our countries.
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