The literature on the agricultural transformation in Central an Eastern European countries usually neglect the investigation of organizational forms in agriculture. This paper is the first to analyze ...the choice of organization forms in transition agriculture employing transaction cost theory. The analysis is based on Hungarian FADN data in 2003. In general, our results do not support the theoretical predictions on the choice of farm organization, but confirm the differences in capital level and farm area observed in different farm organizations. The divergence between theory and empirics shed light on the importance of path dependency in explaining of farm organizations.
The literature on the agricultural transformation in Central an Eastern European countries usually neglect the investigation of organisational forms in agriculture. This paper is the first to analyse ...the choice of organisation forms in transition agriculture employing transaction cost theory. The analysis is based on Hungarian FADN data in 2003. In general, our results do not support the theoretical predictions on the choice of farm organisation, but confirm the differences in capital level and farm area observed in different farm organisations. The divergence between theory and empirics shed light on the importance of path dependency in explaining of farm organisations.
This paper explores the effect of exchange rate volatility and of the institutional quality on international trade flows of transition economies in Central European Countries by applying a gravity ...model of balance panel between 1999 and 2008. The results show that nominal exchange rate volatility has had a significant negative effect on trade by applying Psuedo-Maximum-Likelihood (PML) estimator method over this period. The institutional quality need to be improved in case of size of government and the quality of regulation. The negative effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports suggests that joining Central European Countries to the euro zone can reduce the negative effects of exchange rate volatility on trade.
The main purpose of this deliverable is to use technical efficiency scores obtained with three distinct methods, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Operational ...Competitiveness Ranking Analysis (OCRA), based on national Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data, in order to analyse the impact of European Union (EU) accession and the influence of farm classification, more precisely farm type, upon the performance on field crop and dairy farms in three New Member States (NMS), Bulgaria, Estonia and HungaryWe provide theoretical and empirical evidence that farm classification is subject for empirical analysis, because using FADN and conceptual (e.g.Hill type) typology may result in considerably different farm structures. The main outcome of this research is that individual farms are not equivalent to family farms as usually assumed in previous research. We find that average size of individual farms is considerably higher than of family farms.
The main purpose of this deliverable is to use technical efficiency scores obtained with three distinct methods, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Operational ...Competitiveness Ranking Analysis (OCRA), based on national Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data, in order to analyse the impact of European Union (EU) accession and the influence of farm classification, more precisely farm type, upon the performance on field crop and dairy farms in three New Member States (NMS), Bulgaria, Estonia and HungaryWe provide theoretical and empirical evidence that farm classification is subject for empirical analysis, because using FADN and conceptual (e.g.Hill type) typology may result in considerably different farm structures. The main outcome of this research is that individual farms are not equivalent to family farms as usually assumed in previous research. We find that average size of individual farms is considerably higher than of family farms.
In this paper we analyse and compare various efficiency indicators for a number of European Union (EU) countries: Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden. The ...availability of long period datasets between 1990 and 2006, allow us to concentrate on the long time trends in technical efficiency especially in Old Member States. This study is the first which may provide a comprehensive overview on the development in farm level efficiency across eight European countries. Our main results are the following. Generally, all countries have relatively high levels of mean technical efficiency ranging from 0.72 to 0.92 for both field crops and dairy farms. Interestingly the majority of countries have better performance in dairy sectors in terms of higher levels of mean efficiency than in field crop production. A slightly decreasing trend however may be observed for all countries. Technical Efficiency estimates are largely in line with those obtained by previous studies. Stability analysis revealed that in average 60% of farms maintain their efficiency ranking in two consecutive years, whilst 20% improve and 20% worsen their positions for all countries. However, these ratios slightly fluctuate around these values for one year to next year. Mobility analysis ranks countries according to the mobility of SFA scores within the distribution. Farms in New Member States are more mobile than those in EU15. Total productivity changes are analysed in two steps. First, we do not find a definite trend in total factor productivity changes. Second, we address the question whether total factor productivity changes converge or diverge over time. Using panel unit root tests our estimations reveal a convergence of productivity across old EU member countries during analysed period. Finally, we decompose the total factor productivity changes into its main elements. Field crop farm indicators generally present significantly higher volatility than dairy farms. Random effect panel regression of Total Factor Productivity Change on its components shows Technological Change as being the significant positive driver for crop farms, whilst Technical Efficiency Change followed by Technological Change are the most important for dairy farms. In addition we do not find significant impacts of CAP reforms in 1992 and 2000 on total productivity changes.
In this paper we analyse and compare various efficiency indicators for a number of European Union (EU) countries: Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden. The ...availability of long period datasets between 1990 and 2006, allow us to concentrate on the long time trends in technical efficiency especially in Old Member States. This study is the first which may provide a comprehensive overview on the development in farm level efficiency across eight European countries. Our main results are the following. Generally, all countries have relatively high levels of mean technical efficiency ranging from 0.72 to 0.92 for both field crops and dairy farms. Interestingly the majority of countries have better performance in dairy sectors in terms of higher levels of mean efficiency than in field crop production. A slightly decreasing trend however may be observed for all countries. Technical Efficiency estimates are largely in line with those obtained by previous studies. Stability analysis revealed that in average 60% of farms maintain their efficiency ranking in two consecutive years, whilst 20% improve and 20% worsen their positions for all countries. However, these ratios slightly fluctuate around these values for one year to next year. Mobility analysis ranks countries according to the mobility of SFA scores within the distribution. Farms in New Member States are more mobile than those in EU15. Total productivity changes are analysed in two steps. First, we do not find a definite trend in total factor productivity changes. Second, we address the question whether total factor productivity changes converge or diverge over time. Using panel unit root tests our estimations reveal a convergence of productivity across old EU member countries during analysed period. Finally, we decompose the total factor productivity changes into its main elements. Field crop farm indicators generally present significantly higher volatility than dairy farms. Random effect panel regression of Total Factor Productivity Change on its components shows Technological Change as being the significant positive driver for crop farms, whilst Technical Efficiency Change followed by Technological Change are the most important for dairy farms. In addition we do not find significant impacts of CAP reforms in 1992 and 2000 on total productivity changes.
This paper analyses efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) in Hungarian sugar beet production applying non-parametric frontier techniques. For 2004 and 2005 efficiency and TFP are calculated ...by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and by a Malmquist index respectively. Between 2004and 2005 the average technical efficiency was very stable, around 0.80 for CRS efficiency and 0.87 for VRS efficiency, suggesting that in both years farms were similarly clustered towards the frontier.The analysis of returns to scale reveals that during both years half (48%) of the sugar beet growers were operating under increasing returns to scale. In the two analysed years changes occurred betweendecreasing returns to scale and scale efficient farms, when the first increased from 32% to 37%, while the second decreased from 20% to 15%. In 2004 the highest technical efficiency can be observed in Szerencs district followed by Kaba district and then Szolnok district, while the efficiency rating changed in 2005 when the most efficient district was Kaposvár, followed by Szerencs and Petőháza. Between years TFP increased by 9%. The main reason for the observed TFP increase was technical progress of 8%, while technical efficiency played a limited role in improving the performanceof sugar beet production. At the same time there was a clear convergence which can be identified and thus improving efficiency scores among individual holdings. Although in the analysed period TFP increased, our empirical results have revealed pure technical inefficiency. In the first three most efficient sugar beet production districts the technical efficiency decreased while in the two least efficient districts technical efficiency increased and they became more homogenous to the frontier compared to the former three districts in 2005.
This paper analyses efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) in Hungarian sugar beet production applying non-parametric frontier techniques. For 2004 and 2005 efficiency and TFP are calculated ...by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and by a Malmquist index respectively. Between 2004
and 2005 the average technical efficiency was very stable, around 0.80 for CRS efficiency and 0.87 for VRS efficiency, suggesting that in both years farms were similarly clustered towards the frontier.
The analysis of returns to scale reveals that during both years half (48%) of the sugar beet growers were operating under increasing returns to scale. In the two analysed years changes occurred between
decreasing returns to scale and scale efficient farms, when the first increased from 32% to 37%, while the second decreased from 20% to 15%. In 2004 the highest technical efficiency can be observed in Szerencs district followed by Kaba district and then Szolnok district, while the efficiency rating changed in 2005 when the most efficient district was Kaposvár, followed by Szerencs and Petőháza. Between years TFP increased by 9%. The main reason for the observed TFP increase was technical progress of 8%, while technical efficiency played a limited role in improving the performance
of sugar beet production. At the same time there was a clear convergence which can be identified and thus improving efficiency scores among individual holdings. Although in the analysed period TFP increased, our empirical results have revealed pure technical inefficiency. In the first three most efficient sugar beet production districts the technical efficiency decreased while in the two least efficient districts technical efficiency increased and they became more homogenous to the frontier compared to the former three districts in 2005.
This paper explores the effect of exchange rate volatility and of the institutional quality on
international trade flows of transition economies in Central European Countries by applying a
gravity ...model of balance panel between 1999 and 2008. The results show that nominal
exchange rate volatility has had a significant negative effect on trade by applying Psuedo-
Maximum-Likelihood (PML) estimator method over this period. The institutional quality
need to be improved in case of size of government and the quality of regulation. The negative
effect of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports suggests that joining Central
European Countries to the euro zone can reduce the negative effects of exchange rate
volatility on trade.
